Part 62

Flowers monoecious, in very small terminal or lateral spikes or clusters, the lower fertile. _Ster. Fl._ Calyx equally 5-parted. Petals 5, spatulate. Stamens 5, opposite the petals; filaments distinct, inflexed in the bud, enlarged at the apex. _Fert. Fl._ Calyx unequally 3--5-parted. Petals none. Glands (petal-like scales) 5, opposite the sepals. Ovary 1-celled, simple, 1-ovuled, bearing a twice or thrice forked style. Fruit dry and indehiscent, small, 1-seeded. Seed without caruncle.--A slender low annual, with alternate or opposite short-petioled linear or elliptical lanceolate leaves, which are green and smoothish above, but silvery hoary with starry hairs and scurfy with brownish scales underneath, as well as the branches, etc. (_Croton_ and [Greek: o)/psis], _appearance_, for a plant with the aspect and general character of Croton.)

1. C. linearis, Michx.--Dry sandy soil, N. J. to Fla., west to Ill. and Kan. July--Sept.--Fruit about 1'' long.

7. ARGYTHAMNIA, P. Browne.

Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-parted, valvate in the staminate flowers, imbricate in the pistillate. Petals alternate with the calyx-lobes and with the prominent lobes of the glandular disk. Stamens 5--15, united into a central column in 1--3 whorls. Styles 1--3-cleft. Capsule depressed, 3-lobed. Seeds subglobose, roughened or reticulated, not carunculate.--Erect herbs or undershrubs, with purplish juice, and alternate usually stipulate leaves. (Name from [Greek: a)/rgyros], _silver_, and [Greek: tha/mnos], _bush_, from the hoariness of the original species.)

1. A. mercurialina, Muell. Stem erect, nearly simple (1--2 deg. high), sericeous; leaves sessile, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, entire, pubescent with appressed hairs or glabrate, somewhat rigid; raceme many-flowered, exceeding the leaves; ovary sericeous; capsule appressed-pubescent.--Kan. to Ark. and Tex.

8. ACALYPHA, L. THREE-SEEDED MERCURY.

Flowers monoecious; the sterile very small, clustered in spikes, with the few or solitary fertile flowers at their base, or sometimes in separate spikes. Calyx of the sterile flowers 4-parted and valvate in bud; of the fertile, 3--5-parted. Corolla none. Stamens 8--16; filaments short, monadelphous at base; anther-cells separate, long, often worm-shaped, hanging from the apex of the filament. Styles 3, the upper face or stigmas cut-fringed (usually red). Capsule separating into 3 globular 2-valved carpels, rarely of only one carpel.--Herbs (ours annuals), or in the tropics often shrubs, resembling Nettles or Amaranths; the leaves alternate, petioled, with stipules. Clusters of sterile flowers with a minute bract; the fertile surrounded by a large and leaf-like cut-lobed persistent bract. ([Greek: A)kale/phe], an ancient name of the Nettle.)

[*] _Fruit smooth or merely pubescent; seeds nearly smooth._

1. A. Virginica, L. Smoothish or hairy (1--2 deg. high), often turning purple; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, obtusely and sparsely serrate, long-petioled; sterile spike rather few-flowered, mostly shorter than the large leaf like palmately 5--9-cleft fruiting bracts; fertile flowers 1--3 in each axil.--Fields and open places, N. Eng. to Ont. and Minn., south to the Gulf. July--Sept.

Var. gracilens, Muell. Leaves lanceolate or even linear, less toothed and shorter-petioled; the slender sterile spike often 1' long, and much surpassing the less cleft or few-toothed fruiting bracts.--Sandy dry soil, R. I. and Conn. to Fla., west to Ill., E. Kan. and Tex.

[*][*] _Fruit echinate with soft bristly green projections; seeds rough-wrinkled._

2. A. Caroliniana, Ell. Leaves thin, ovate-cordate, sharply and closely serrate-toothed, abruptly acuminate, long-petioled; sterile spikes short, axillary; the fertile ones mostly terminal and elongated, their bracts deeply cut into many linear lobes.--N. J. to Fla., west to Ohio, Kan., and Tex.

9. RICINUS, Linn. CASTOR-OIL PLANT.

Flowers in racemose or panicled clusters, the fertile above, the staminate below. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens very numerous, with repeatedly branching filaments. Styles 3, united at base, each bifid, red. Capsule large, 3-lobed, with 3 large seeds.--A tall stately annual, with very large alternate peltate and palmately 7--11-cleft leaves (often 1--2 deg. broad). (The ancient Roman name of the plant.)

R. COMMUNIS, L.--Cultivated extensively for ornament, and sparingly escaped in Md., Mo., and southward. Very variable.

10. TRAGIA, Plumier.

Flowers monoecious, in racemes, apetalous. _Ster. Fl._ Calyx 3--5- (chiefly 3-) parted, valvate in the bud. Stamens 2 or 3; filaments short; anther-cells united. _Fert. Fl._ Calyx 3--8-parted, persistent. Style 3-cleft or 3-parted; the branches 3, simple. Capsule 3-celled, 3-lobed, bristly, separating into three 2-valved 1-seeded carpels. Seeds not carunculate.--Erect or climbing plants (perennial herbs in U. S.), pubescent or hispid, sometimes stinging, with mostly alternate stipulate leaves; the small flowered racemes terminal or opposite the leaves; the sterile flowers above, the few fertile at the base all with small bracts. (Named for the early herbalist _Bock_, latinized _Tragus_.)

1. T. innocua, Walt. _Erect_, paniculate-branched, _softly hairy-pubescent_ (6--12' high); _leaves_ varying from obovate-oblong to narrowly linear, _acute at base_, obtusely or sinuately few-toothed or lobed, sometimes entire, _short-petioled or sessile_, paler beneath; sterile calyx usually 4-parted; stamens 2. (T. urens, _L._)--Dry sandy soil, E. Va. to Fla. and La. May--Aug.--Not stinging.

2. T. nepetaefolia, Cav. _Erect or reclining_ or slightly twining, hirsute with stinging hairs; _leaves ovate-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate_, or the lower ovate, _all somewhat cordate or truncate at base_, coarsely cut-toothed, _short-petioled_; sterile calyx usually 3-parted and stamens 3. (T. urticaefolia, _Michx._)--Virginia (_Pursh_), and common southward to Fla. and Tex., Mo., Kan., and westward.--T. STYLARIS, Muell., of the southwest, which is reported from Kan., may be distinguished by its 4--5-parted sterile calyx, 4--5 stamens, and elongated styles.

3. T. macrocarpa, Willd. _Twining_, somewhat hirsute; _leaves deeply cordate_, ovate, mostly narrowly acuminate, sharply serrate (3--5' long), all but the uppermost _long-petioled_; pod 1/2' broad. (T. cordata, _Michx._)--Ky. to Ga., Fla., and La.

11. STILLINGIA, Garden.

Flowers monoecious, aggregated in a terminal spike. Petals and glands of the disk none. Calyx 2--3-cleft or parted; the divisions imbricated in the bud. Stamens 2 or 3; anthers adnate, turned outward. Style thick; stigmas 3, diverging, simple. Capsule 3-celled, 3-lobed, 3-seeded. Seed carunculate.--Smooth upright plants with the alternate leaves mostly 2-glandular at base; the fertile flowers few at the base of the dense sterile spike (rarely separate); the bract for each cluster with a large gland on each side. (Named for _Dr. B. Stillingfleet_.)

1. S. sylvatica, L. Herbaceous (1--3 deg. high); leaves almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, serrulate; glands of the spike saucer-shaped.--Sandy and dry soil, Va. to Fla., west to Kan. and Tex. June--Sept.

ORDER 99. URTICACEAE. (NETTLE FAMILY.)

_Plants with stipules, and monoecious or dioecious or rarely (in the_ Elm Family) _perfect flowers, furnished with a regular calyx, free from the 1-celled (rarely 2-celled) ovary which forms a 1-seeded fruit; the embryo in the albumen when there is any, its radicle pointing upward; stamens as many as the lobes of the calyx and opposite them, or sometimes fewer._ Cotyledons usually broad. Stipules often deciduous.--A large order (far the greater part tropical).

Tribe I. ULMEAE. Flowers mostly polygamous, upon the last year's branches. Anthers erect in the bud, extrorse. Styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a winged samara or nut-like. Seed suspended. Embryo straight.--Trees, with alternate serrate pinnately veined leaves and fugacious stipules.

1. Ulmus. Flowers preceding the leaves. Ovary 1--2-ovuled. Fruit winged all around.

2. Planera. Flowers appearing with the leaves. Ovule one. Fruit wingless, nut-like.

Tribe II. CELTIDEAE. As in Tribe I., but the dioecious-polygamous flowers upon branches of the same year; anthers introrse; fruit a drupe; embryo curved.

3. Celtis. Ovary 1-ovuled. Flowers appearing with the leaves. Leaves 3-nerved at base.

Tribe III. CANNABINEAE. Flowers dioecious; the sterile racemed or panicled; the fertile in clusters or catkins, the calyx of one sepal embracing the ovary. Filaments short, erect in the bud. Stigmas 2, elongated. Ovary 1-celled, with a pendulous ovule, forming a small glandular achene in fruit. Embryo curved or coiled.--Erect or climbing herbs, with watery juice, mostly opposite lobed or divided leaves, persistent stipules, and a fibrous inner bark.

4. Cannabis. Fertile flowers spiked-clustered. Leaves 5--7-divided. Erect.

5. Humulus. Fertile flowers in a short spike forming a membranaceous catkin in fruit. Leaves 3--5-lobed. Climbing.

Tribe IV. MOREAE. Flowers unisexual, racemose, spicate or capitate; calyx becoming fleshy or juicy in fruit. Anthers inflexed in the bud. Style undivided or 2-parted, filiform; ovule pendulous; fruit an achene, embryo curved.--Trees or shrubs, with milky juice, alternate leaves, and fugacious stipules.

6. Maclura. Sterile flowers in loose racemes; fertile in globose heads. Leaves entire.

7. Morus. Fertile and sterile flowers in separate spikes. Leaves dentate, 3-nerved.

Tribe V. URTICEAE. Flowers unisexual. Filaments indexed in the bud. Style or stigma simple. Ovary 1-celled, with an erect ovule, forming an achene in fruit. Embryo straight.--Herbs with watery juice, tough fibrous bark, and opposite or alternate leaves; often armed with stinging hairs.

[*] Calyx in the fertile flowers of 2--5 separate or nearly separate sepals.

[+] Plant beset with stinging bristles.

8. Urtica. Sepals 4 in both fertile and sterile flowers. Achene straight and erect, enclosed by the 2 inner and larger sepals. Stigma capitate tufted. Leaves opposite.

9. Laportea. Sepals 5 in the sterile flowers, 4 in the fertile, or apparently only 2. Stigma long-subulate. Achene very oblique, deflexed, nearly naked. Leaves alternate.

[+][+] Plant wholly destitute of stinging bristles. Leaves alternate.

10. Pilea. Sepals 3 or 4, those of the fertile flowers unequal, all or all but one small. Achene partly naked, straight and erect. Stigma pencil-tufted. Smooth and shining.

[*][*] Fertile calyx tubular or cup-shaped, enclosing the achene. Unarmed.

11. Boehmeria. Flower-clusters spiked, not involucrate. Style long and thread-shaped, stigmatic down one side. Leaves opposite, serrate.

12. Parietaria. Flowers in involucrate-bracted clusters. Stigma tufted. Leaves alternate, entire.

1. ULMUS, L. ELM.

Calyx bell-shaped, 4--9-cleft. Stamens 4--9, with long and slender filaments. Ovary 1--2-celled, with a single anatropous ovule suspended from the summit of each cell; styles 2, short, diverging, stigmatic along the inner edge. Fruit a 1-celled and 1-seeded membranaceous samara, winged all around. Albumen none; embryo straight; the cotyledons large.--Flowers polygamous, purplish or yellowish, in lateral clusters, in our species preceding the leaves, which are strongly straight-veined, short-petioled, and oblique or unequally somewhat heart-shaped at base. Stipules small, caducous. (The classical Latin name.)

[*] _Flowers nearly sessile; fruit orbicular, not ciliate; leaves very rough above._

1. U. fulva, Michx. (SLIPPERY or RED ELM.) Buds before expansion soft-downy with rusty hairs (large); leaves ovate-oblong, taper-pointed, doubly serrate (4--8' long, sweet-scented in drying), soft-downy beneath or slightly rough downward; branchlets downy; calyx-lobes and stamens 5--9; fruit (8--9'' wide) with the cell pubescent.--Rich soil, N. Eng. to Dak., and southward. March, April.--A small or middle-sized tree (45--60 deg. high), with tough reddish wood, and a very mucilaginous inner bark.

[*][*] _Flowers on slender drooping pedicels, which are jointed above the middle; fruit ovate or oval, fringed-ciliate; leaves smooth above, or nearly so._

2. U. Americana, L. (AMERICAN or WHITE ELM.) _Buds and branchlets_ glabrous; _branches not corky_; leaves obovate-oblong or oval, abruptly pointed, sharply and often doubly serrate (2--4' long), soft-pubescent beneath, or soon glabrous; _flowers in close fascicles_; calyx with 7--9 roundish lobes; _fruit glabrous_ except the margins (1/2' long), its sharp points incurved and closing the notch.--Moist woods, especially along rivers, in rich soil. April.--A large and well-known ornamental tree, variable in habit, usually with spreading branches and drooping branchlets.

3. U. racemosa, Thomas. (CORK or ROCK ELM.) _Bud-scales downy-ciliate_ and somewhat pubescent, as are the young branchlets; _branches often with corky ridges_; leaves nearly as in the last, but with veins more simple and straight; _flowers racemed_; fruit much as in the last, but rather larger.--River-banks, S. W. Vt. to Ont. and central Minn., south to Mo. and Ky. A large and very valuable tree.

4. U. alata, Michx. (WAHOO or WINGED ELM.) _Bud-scales and branchlets nearly glabrous; branches corky-winged_, at least some of them; leaves downy beneath, ovate-oblong and oblong-lanceolate, acute, thickish, small (1--21/2' long); calyx-lobes obovate; fruit downy on the face at least when young.--Va. to S. Ind., S. Mo., and southward. March. A small tree.

2. PLANERA, Gmelin. PLANER-TREE.

Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Calyx 4--5-cleft. Stamens 4--5. Ovary ovoid, 1-celled, 1-ovuled, crowned with 2 spreading styles which are stigmatose down the inner side, in fruit becoming coriaceous and nut-like, not winged. Albumen none; embryo straight.--Trees with small leaves, like those of Elms, the flowers appearing with them, in small axillary clusters. (Named for _J. J. Planer_, a German botanist.)

1. P. aquatica, Gmel. Nearly glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong, small; fruit stalked in the calyx, beset with irregular rough projections.--Wet banks, N. C. to Ky., S. Ill., and southward. April. A rather small tree.

3. CELTIS, Tourn. NETTLE-TREE. HACKBERRY.

Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Calyx 5--6-parted, persistent. Stamens 5--6. Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule; stigmas 2, long and pointed, recurved. Fruit a globular drupe. Embryo curved, nearly enclosing a little gelatinous albumen; cotyledons folded and crumpled.--Leaves pointed, petioled, inequilateral. Stipules caducous. Flowers greenish, axillary, the fertile solitary or in pairs, peduncled, appearing with the leaves, the lower usually staminate only, fascicled or racemose along the base of the branches of the season. (A name of Pliny's for an African species of Lotus.)

1. C. occidentalis, L. (SUGARBERRY. HACKBERRY.) _Leaves reticulated_, ovate, cordate-ovate and ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, usually conspicuously and sharply so, more or less oblique at base, _sharply serrate_, sometimes sparingly so or only toward the apex, scabrous but mostly glabrous above, usually soft-pubescent beneath, at least when young; fruit reddish or yellowish, turning dark purple at maturity, its peduncle once or twice the length of the petiole.--Woods and river-banks, N. Eng. to Minn., and southward. April, May.--A small or sometimes large tree, with the aspect of an Elm, bearing sweet and edible fruits as large as bird-cherries, at first obovate, ripe in autumn; the flesh thin. Very variable in the form, texture, etc., of the leaves.--Var. PUMILA, Gray. Low and straggling (4--10 deg. high); leaves thin when mature, and smooth, _slightly acuminate_. River-banks, on rocks, from Maryland southward.

2. C. Mississippiensis, Bosc. _Leaves entire_ (rarely few-toothed), _very long taper-pointed_, rounded at base, mostly oblique, thin, and smooth; fruit small.--Ill. to Tenn., and southward. A small tree with warty bark. (Addendum)--Celtis Mississippiensis. Common in low river-bottoms of W. Mo. (_F. Bush_); described as having a very smooth trunk, like a sycamore, and soft yellowish brittle wood, not coarse-grained as in C. occidentalis.

4. CANNABIS, Tourn. HEMP.

Flowers dioecious; the sterile in axillary compound racemes or panicles, with 5 sepals and 5 drooping stamens. Fertile flowers spiked-clustered, 1-bracted; the calyx of a single sepal enlarging at the base and folded round the ovary. Achene crustaceous. Embryo simply curved.--A tall roughish annual, with digitate leaves of 5--7 linear-lanceolate coarsely toothed leaflets, the upper alternate; the inner bark of very tough fibres. (The ancient Greek name, of obscure etymology.)

C. SATIVA, L. (HEMP.) Stem 4--8 deg. high; leaves 4--8' broad; flowers green.--Waste and cultivated ground. (Adv. from Eu.)

5. HUMULUS, L. HOP.

Flowers dioecious; the sterile in loose axillary panicles, with 5 sepals and 5 erect stamens. Fertile flowers in short axillary and solitary spikes or catkins; bracts foliaceous, imbricated, each 2-flowered, in fruit forming a sort of membranaceous strobile. Calyx of a single sepal, embracing the ovary. Achene invested with the enlarged scale-like calyx. Embryo coiled in a flat spiral.--Twining rough perennials, with stems almost prickly downward, and mostly opposite heart-shaped and palmately 3--7-lobed leaves, with persistent ovate stipules between the petioles. (A late Latin name, of Teutonic origin.)

1. H. Lupulus, L. (COMMON HOP.) Leaves mostly 3--5-lobed, commonly longer than the petioles; bracts, etc., smoothish; the fruiting calyx, achene, etc., sprinkled with yellow resinous grains, which give the bitterness and aroma to the hop.--Alluvial banks, N. Eng. to western N. Y., the Great Lakes and westward, and south in the mountains to Ga. July. (Eu., Asia.)

6. MACLURA, Nutt. OSAGE ORANGE. BOIS D'ARC.

Flowers dioecious; the staminate in loose short racemes, with 4-parted calyx, and 4 stamens inflexed in the bud; the pistillate in a dense globose head, with a 4-cleft calyx enclosing the ovary. Style filiform, long-exserted; ovule pendulous. Fruit an achene, buried in the greatly enlarged fleshy calyx. Albumen none. Embryo recurved.--Trees with milky juice, alternate entire pinnately veined leaves, caducous stipules, axillary peduncles, and stout axillary spines. (Named for the early American geologist, _William Maclure_.)

1. M. aurantiaca, Nutt. A tree 30--50 deg. high; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, pointed, mostly rounded at base, green and shining; syncarp globose, yellowish green, 2--3' in diameter.--E. Kan. and Mo. to N. Tex.; extensively used for hedges. Wood bright orange.

7. MORUS, Tourn. MULBERRY.

Flowers monoecious or dioecious; the two kinds in separate axillary and catkin-like spikes. Calyx 4-parted; lobes ovate. Stamens 4; filaments elastically expanding. Ovary 2-celled, one of the cells smaller and disappearing; styles 2, thread-form, stigmatic down the inside. Achene ovate, compressed, covered by the succulent berry-like calyx, the whole spike thus becoming a thickened oblong and juicy (edible) aggregate fruit.--Trees with milky juice and broad leaves; sterile spikes rather slender. (The classical Latin name.)

1. M. rubra, L. (RED MULBERRY.) _Leaves_ heart-ovate, serrate, _rough above, downy beneath_, pointed (on young shoots often lobed); flowers frequently dioecious; _fruit dark purple_, long.--Rich woods, W. New Eng. to S. Ont., Dak., E. Kan., and southward. May.--Large tree, ripening its blackberry-like fruit in July.

M. ALBA, L. (WHITE MULBERRY.) _Leaves_ obliquely heart-ovate, acute, serrate, sometimes lobed, _smooth and shining; fruit whitish_.--Spontaneous near houses. (Adv. from Eu.)

8. URTICA, Tourn. NETTLE.

Flowers monoecious, or rarely dioecious, clustered, the clusters mostly in racemes, spikes, or loose heads. _Ster. Fl._ Sepals 4. Stamens 4, inserted around the cup-shaped rudiment of a pistil. _Fert. Fl._ Sepals 4, in pairs; the 2 outer smaller and spreading; the 2 inner flat or concave, in fruit membranaceous and enclosing the straight and erect ovate flattened achene. Stigma sessile, capitate and pencil-tufted.--Herbs, armed with stinging hairs. Leaves opposite; stipules in our species distinct. Flowers greenish; in summer. (The classical Latin name; from _uro_, to burn.)

[*] _Perennials; flower-clusters in branching panicled spikes, often dioecious._

1. U. gracilis, Ait. _Sparingly bristly_, slender (2--6 deg. high); _leaves ovate-lanceolate_, pointed, serrate, 3--5-nerved from the rounded or scarcely heart-shaped base, _almost glabrous, the elongated slender petioles sparingly bristly_; spikes slender and loosely panicled.--Fence-rows and moist ground, common. Stings few.

U. DIOICA, L. _Very bristly and stinging_ (2--3 deg. high); _leaves ovate, heart-shaped_, pointed, _very deeply serrate, downy beneath_ as well as the upper part of the stem; _spikes much branched_.--Waste places and roadsides, rather rare. Canada and N. Eng. to S. C., west to Minn. and Mo. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*] _Annuals; flower-clusters chiefly axillary and shorter than the petiole, androgynous._

U. URENS, L. _Leaves elliptical or ovate_, very coarsely and deeply serrate with long spreading teeth, the terminal teeth not longer than the lateral ones; _flower-clusters 2 in each axil, small and loose_.--Waste grounds, near dwellings, eastward; scarce. Plant 8--12' high, with sparse stings. (Nat. from Eu.)

2. U. chamaedryoides, Pursh. _Leaves ovate and mostly heart-shaped_, the upper ovate-lanceolate, coarsely serrate-toothed; _flower-clusters globular_, 1--2 in each axil, and spiked at the summit.--Alluvial shaded soil, from Ky. to the Gulf States. Slender, 6--30' high, sparsely beset with stings.

9. LAPORTEA, Gaudichaud. WOOD-NETTLE.

Flowers monoecious or dioecious, clustered, in loose cymes; the upper widely spreading and chiefly or entirely fertile; the lower mostly sterile. _Ster. Fl._ Sepals and stamens 5, with a rudiment of an ovary. _Fert. Fl._ Calyx of 4 sepals, the two outer or one of them usually minute, and the two inner much larger. Stigma elongated awl-shaped, hairy down one side, persistent. Achene ovate, flat, extremely oblique, reflexed on the winged or margined pedicel, nearly naked.--Perennial herbs, with stinging hairs, large alternate serrate leaves, and axillary stipules. (Named for _M. Laporte_.)

1. L. Canadensis, Gaudichaud. Stem 2--3 deg. high; leaves ovate, pointed, strongly feather-veined (3--7' long), long-petioled; fertile cymes divergent; stipule single, 2-cleft.--Moist rich woods. July--Sept.

10. PILEA, Lindl. RICHWEED. CLEARWEED.

Flowers monoecious or dioecious. _Ster. Fl._ Sepals and stamens 3--4. _Fert. Fl._ Sepals 3, oblong, more or less unequal; a rudiment of a stamen commonly before each in the form of a hooded scale. Stigma sessile, pencil-tufted. Achene ovate, compressed, erect, partly or nearly naked.--Stingless, mostly glabrous and low herbs, with opposite leaves and united stipules; the staminate flowers often mixed with the fertile. (Named from the shape of the larger sepal of the fertile flower in the original species, which partly covers the achene, like the _pileus_, or felt cap, of the Romans.)

1. P. pumila, Gray. (RICHWEED. CLEARWEED.) Low (3--18' high); stems smooth and shining, pellucid; leaves ovate, coarsely toothed, pointed, 3-ribbed and veiny; flower-clusters much shorter than the petioles; sepals of the fertile flowers lanceolate, scarcely unequal.--Cool and moist shaded places. July--Sept.

11. BOEHMERIA, Jacq. FALSE NETTLE.

Flowers monoecious or dioecious, clustered; the sterile much as in Urtica; the fertile with a tubular or urn-shaped entire or 2--4-toothed calyx enclosing the ovary. Style elongated awl-shaped, stigmatic and papillose down one side. Achene elliptical, closely invested by the dry and persistent compressed calyx.--No stings. (Named after _G. R. Boehmer_, Professor at Wittenberg in the last century.)