Part 6
10. R. rhomboideus, Goldie. Low (3--8' high), _hairy; root-leaves roundish or rhombic-ovate_, rarely subcordate, toothed or crenate; lowest stem-leaves similar or 3--5-lobed, the upper 3--5-parted, almost sessile, the lobes linear; _carpels_ orbicular _with a minute beak_, in a globose head; _petals large_, deep yellow.--Prairies, Mich. to N. Ill., Minn., and northward. April, May.
11. R. abortivus, L. (SMALL-FLOWERED C.) Biennial, _glabrous_, branching, 6'--2 deg. high; primary _root-leaves round heart-shaped or kidney-form_, barely crenate, the succeeding often 3-lobed or 3-parted; those of the stem and branches 3--5-parted or divided, subsessile, the divisions oblong or narrowly wedge-form, mostly toothed; head globose; _carpels mucronate, with a minute curved beak; petals pale yellow, shorter than the small reflexed calyx_.--Shady hillsides and along brooks, common. April--June.
Var. micranthus, Gray. _Pubescent_, roots often fusiform-thickened; root-leaves seldom at all heart-shaped, some 3-parted or 3-divided; peduncles more slender and carpels fewer.--E. Mass. to Ill., Minn., and westward.
12. R. sceleratus, L. (CURSED C.) Annual, glabrous; _root-leaves 3-lobed_, rounded; lower stem-leaves 3-parted, the lobes obtusely cut and toothed, the uppermost almost sessile, with the lobes oblong-linear and nearly entire; _carpels barely mucronulate_, very numerous, _in oblong or cylindrical heads; petals scarcely exceeding the calyx_.--Wet ditches; appearing as if introduced. June--Aug.--Stem thick and hollow, 1 deg. high; juice acrid and blistering; leaves thickish; flowers small, pale yellow. (Eu.)
[++][++] _Leaves variously cleft or divided; achenes in globular heads (except n. 17), compressed, with an evident firm margin; hirsute or pubescent._
[=] _Achenes with long recurved beak; root-leaves rarely divided._
13. R. recurvatus, Poir. (HOOKED C.) Hirsute, 1--2 deg. high; leaves of the root and stem nearly alike, long-petioled, deeply 3-cleft, large; the lobes broadly wedge-shaped, 2--3-cleft, cut and toothed toward the apex; petals shorter than the reflexed calyx, pale.--Woods, common. May, June.
[=][=] _Style long and attenuate, stigmatose at the tip, persistent or the upper part usually deciduous; early root-leaves only 3-parted, the later 3--5-foliolate; petals bright yellow, much larger than the calyx (except n. 18)._
14. R. fascicularis, Muhl. (EARLY C.) Low, ascending, 5--9' high, pubescent with close-pressed silky hairs; _root a cluster of thickened fleshy fibres; radical leaves appearing pinnate_, the long-stalked terminal division remote from the sessile lateral ones, itself 3--5-divided or parted and 3--5-cleft, the lobes oblong or linear; petals often 6 or 7, spatulate-oblong, twice the length of the spreading calyx; _carpels scarcely margined_, tipped with a slender straight or rather curved beak.--Dry or moist hills. April, May.
15. R. septentrionalis, Poir. Low, hairy or nearly glabrous; _stems ascending, or in wet ground some of them procumbent or forming long runners_; leaves 3-divided, the divisions all stalked (or at least the terminal one), broadly wedge-shaped or ovate, unequally 3-cleft or parted and variously cut, never pinnately compound; petals obovate, much larger than the spreading calyx; _carpels strongly margined_, pointed by a stout straightish beak. (R. repens, of _Manual_, mainly.)--Moist or shady places, etc., May--Aug.--Extremely variable in size and foliage, commencing to flower by upright stems in spring before any long runners are formed.
[=][=][=] _Style subulate, stigmatose along the inner margin, mostly persistent._
16. R. repens, L. In habit and foliage closely similar to the last species; leaves frequently white-variegated or spotted; commencing to flower somewhat later.--In low grounds; generally in waste grounds near the coast and probably introduced from Europe, but indigenous westward.
17. R. Pennsylvanicus, L. f. (BRISTLY C.) Stout and erect from a usually annual root, hirsute with widely spreading bristly hairs, leafy to the top, 1--2 deg. high; leaves all ternately divided or compound, the stalked leaflets unequally 3-cleft, sharply cut and toothed, acute; flowers inconspicuous; calyx reflexed; head of carpels oblong.--Wet places, common. June--Aug.
18. R. hispidus, Hook. (not Michx. or DC.). Resembling the last, but the ascending or reclining stems few-leaved, rarely if ever rooting, not always hirsute; petals (about 3'' long) surpassing the hardly reflexed and soon deciduous calyx; achenes with a stout straight beak, in a globose or oval head.--On the northern shore of Lake Superior, and north and westward; probably in N. Minn.
R. BULBOSUS, L. (BULBOUS C. or BUTTERCUPS.) Hairy; _stem erect from a bulb-like base_, 1 deg. high; radical leaves 3-divided; _the lateral divisions sessile, the terminal stalked_ and 3-parted, all wedge-shaped, cleft and toothed; peduncles furrowed; petals round, wedge shaped at base; calyx reflexed; carpels tipped with a very short beak.--Fields; very abundant only in E. New England; rare westward. May--July.--Leaves appearing as if pinnate. Petals often 6 or 7, deep glossy yellow, the corolla more than an inch broad. (Nat. from Eu.)
R. ACRIS, L. (TALL C. or BUTTERCUPS.) Hairy; stem erect (2--3 deg. high); leaves 3-divided; _the divisions all sessile_ and 3-cleft or parted, their segments cut into lanceolate or linear crowded lobes; peduncles not furrowed; petals obovate, much longer than the spreading calyx.--Fields; common, especially eastward. June--Aug.--Flower nearly as large as the last, but not so deep yellow.--The _Buttercups_ are avoided by cattle, on account of their very acrid or even blistering juice, which property, however, is dissipated in drying when these plants are cut with hay. (Nat. from Eu.)
[*][*] _Achenes beset with rough points or small prickles; annuals._
R. MURICATUS, L. Nearly glabrous; lower leaves roundish or reniform, 3-lobed, coarsely crenate; the upper 3-cleft, wedge-form at the base; _petals longer than the calyx; carpels flat, spiny-tuberculate_ on the sides, strongly beaked, surrounded with a wide and sharp smooth margin.--Eastern Virginia and southward. (Nat. from Eu.)
R. PARVIFLORUS, L. Hairy, slender and diffuse; lower leaves roundish-cordate, 3-cleft, coarsely toothed or cut; the upper 3--5-parted; _petals not longer than the calyx; carpels minutely hispid and rough_, beaked, narrowly margined.--Norfolk, Va., and southward. (Nat. from Eu.)
10. ISOPYRUM, L.
Sepals 5, petal-like, deciduous. Petals 5, minute, wanting in the American species. Stamens 10--40. Pistils 3--6 or more, pointed with the styles. Pods ovate or oblong, 2--several-seeded.--Slender smooth perennial herbs, with 2--3-ternately compound leaves; the leaflets 2--3-lobed. Flowers axillary and terminal, white. (From [Greek: i)so/pyron], the ancient name of a Fumaria.)
1. I. biternatum, Torr. & Gray. Petals none; filaments white, club-shaped; pistils 3--6 (commonly 4), divaricate in fruit, 2--3-seeded; seeds smooth.--Moist shady places, Ohio to Minn. and southward. May.--Fibres of the root thickened here and there into little tubers. Aspect and size of the plant much as in Anemonella.
11. CALTHA, L. MARSH MARIGOLD.
Sepals 5--9, petal-like. Petals none. Pistils 5--10, with scarcely any styles. Pods (follicles) compressed, spreading, many-seeded.--Glabrous perennials, with round and heart-shaped or kidney-form, large, undivided leaves. (An ancient Latin name for the common Marigold.)
1. C. palustris, L. Stem hollow, furrowed; leaves round or kidney-shaped, either crenate or dentate or nearly entire; sepals broadly oval (bright yellow).--Swamps and wet meadows, common northward. April, May.--Often called incorrectly _Cowslips_; used as a pot-herb in spring, when coming into flower. C. FLABELLIFOLIA, Pursh, is a weak slender form, with open-reniform leaves and smaller flowers (1' broad or less), occurring in cold mountain springs, N. Y. to Md. (Eu.)
12. TROLLIUS, L. GLOBE-FLOWER.
Sepals 5--15, petal-like. Petals numerous, small, 1-lipped, the concavity near the base. Stamens and pistils numerous. Pods 9 or more, sessile, many-seeded.--Smooth perennials with palmately parted and cut leaves, like Ranunculus, and large solitary terminal flowers. (Name thought to be derived from the old German word _troll_, a globe, or something round.)
1. T. laxus, Salisb. (SPREADING GLOBE-FLOWER.) Leaves 5--7-parted; sepals 5--6, spreading; petals 15--25, inconspicuous, much shorter than the stamens.--Deep swamps, N. H. to Del. and Mich. May.--Flowers twice the size of the common Buttercup; the sepals spreading, so that the name is not appropriate, as it is to the _European Globe-flower_ of the gardens, nor is the blossom showy, being pale greenish-yellow, or nearly white.
13. COPTIS, Salisb. GOLDTHREAD.
Sepals 5--7, petal-like, deciduous. Petals 5--7, small, club-shaped, hollow at the apex. Stamens 15--25. Pistils 3--7, on slender stalks. Pods divergent, membranaceous, pointed with the style, 4--8-seeded.--Low smooth perennials, with ternately divided root-leaves, and small white flowers on scapes. (Name from [Greek: ko/pto], _to cut_, alluding to the divided leaves.)
1. C. trifolia, Salisb. (THREE-LEAVED GOLDTHREAD.) Leaflets 3, obovate-wedge-form, sharply toothed, obscurely 3-lobed, scape 1-flowered.--Bogs, abundant northward, extending south to Maryland along the mountains, and west to Iowa. May.--Root of long, bright yellow, bitter fibres. Leaves evergreen, shining. Scape naked, slender, 3--5' high. (Eu.)
14. HELLEBORUS, Tourn. HELLEBORE.
Sepals 5, petal-like or greenish, persistent. Petals 8--10, very small, tubular, 2-lipped. Pistils 3--10, sessile, forming coriaceous many-seeded pods.--Perennial herbs, with ample palmate or pedate leaves, and large, solitary, nodding, early vernal flowers. (An ancient name of unknown meaning.)
H. VIRIDIS, L. (GREEN HELLEBORE.) Root-leaves glabrous, pedate; calyx spreading, greenish.--Has been found wild on Long Island, in Penn., and W. Va. (Adv. from Eu.)
15. ERANTHIS, Salisb. WINTER ACONITE.
Sepals 5--8, petal-like, deciduous. Petals small 2-lipped nectaries. Carpels few, stipitate, several-seeded.--Perennial herbs, with palmately multifid radical leaves, the scape bearing a single large yellow flower surrounded by an involucre of a single leaf. (Name from [Greek: e)~r], _spring_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_.)
E. HYEMALIS, Salisb. Dwarf; flowers cup-shaped, 11/2' in diameter; petals shorter than the stamens.--Near Philadelphia. (Adv. from Eu.)
16. AQUILEGIA, Tourn. COLUMBINE.
Sepals 5, regular, colored like the petals. Petals 5, all alike, with a short spreading lip, produced backward into large hollow spurs, much longer than the calyx. Pistils 5, with slender styles. Pods erect, many-seeded.--Perennials, with 2--3-ternately compound leaves, the leaflets lobed. Flowers large and showy, terminating the branches. (Name from _aquilegus_, water-drawing.)
1. A. Canadensis, L. (WILD COLUMBINE.) Spurs nearly straight; stamens and styles longer than the ovate sepals.--Rocks, common. April--June.--Flowers 2' long, scarlet, yellow inside (or rarely all over), nodding, so that the spurs turn upward, but the stalk becomes upright in fruit.
2. A. brevistyla, Hook. Flowers small, blue or purplish or nearly white; spurs incurved.--Red River valley, Dak.; Rocky Mts., northward.
A. VULGARIS, L., the common GARDEN COLUMBINE, of Europe, with hooked spurs, is beginning to escape from cultivation in some places.
17. DELPHINIUM, Tourn. LARKSPUR.
Sepals 5, irregular, petal-like; the upper one prolonged into a spur at the base. Petals 4, irregular, the upper pair continued backward into long spurs which are enclosed in the spur of the calyx, the lower pair with short claws; rarely only 2, united into one. Pistils 1--5, forming many-seeded pods in fruit.--Leaves palmately divided or cut. Flowers in terminal racemes. (Name from _Delphin_, in allusion to the shape of the flower, which is sometimes not unlike the classical figures of the dolphin.)
[*] _Perennials, indigenous; pistils 3._
1. D. exaltatum, Ait. (TALL LARKSPUR.) Stem slender, 2--5 deg. high; leaves deeply 3--5-cleft, the divisions narrow wedge-form, diverging, 3-cleft at the apex, acute; _racemes wand-like_, panicled, _many-flowered_; flowers purplish-blue, downy; spur straight; _pods erect_.--Rich soil, Penn. to Minn. and southward. July.
2. D. tricorne, Michx. (DWARF L.) Leaves deeply 5-parted, their divisions unequally 3--5-cleft; the lobes linear, acutish; _raceme few-flowered, loose_; spur straightish, ascending; _pods strongly diverging_.--W. Penn. to Minn. and southward. April, May.--Root a tuberous cluster. Stem simple, 6'--3 deg. high. Flowers bright blue, sometimes white, occasionally numerous.
3. _D. azureum_, Michx. Leaves deeply 3--5-parted, the divisions 2--3 times cleft; the lobes all narrowly linear; _raceme strict_; spur ascending, usually curved upward; _pods erect_.--Wisc. to Dak. and southward. May, June.--Stem 1--2 deg. high, slender, often softly pubescent. Flowers sky-blue or whitish.
[*][*] _Annual, introduced; petals 2, united into one body; pistil single._
D. CONSOLIDA, L. (FIELD L.) Leaves dissected into narrow linear lobes; inflorescence loosely paniculate; pedicels shorter than the bracts; pod glabrous.--Old grain-fields, Penn. and Va.; also sparingly along roadsides farther north. (Nat. from Eu.)
D. AJACIS, L. Flowers more numerous and spicately racemose; pods pubescent.--Sparingly escaped from gardens in E. Atlantic States. (Nat. from Eu.)
18. ACONITUM, Tourn. ACONITE. MONKSHOOD. WOLFSBANE.
Sepals 5, petal-like, very irregular; the upper one (helmet) hooded or helmet-shaped, larger than the others. Petals 2 (the 3 lower wanting entirely, or very minute rudiments among the stamens), consisting of small spur-shaped bodies raised on long claws and concealed under the helmet. Pistils 3--5. Pods several-seeded. Seed-coat usually wrinkled or scaly.--Perennials, with palmately cleft or dissected leaves, and showy flowers in racemes or panicles. (The ancient Greek and Latin name, of uncertain origin.)
1. A. Noveboracense, Gray. Erect from tuberous-thickened roots, 2 deg. high, leafy, _the summit and_ strict loosely flowered _raceme pubescent_; leaves rather deeply parted, the broadly cuneate divisions 3-cleft and incised; flowers blue, _the helmet gibbous-obovate_ with broad rounded summit and short descending beak.--Chenango and Orange Cos., N. Y.
2. A. uncinatum, L. (WILD MONKSHOOD.) Glabrous; _stem slender, from tuberous-thickened roots, erect_, but weak and disposed to climb; _leaves firm, deeply 3--5-lobed_, petioled, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed; _flowers blue; helmet erect, obtusely conical_, compressed, slightly beaked in front.--Rich shady soil along streams, Penn., and southward in the mountains; Wisc. June--Aug.
3. A. reclinatum, Gray. (TRAILING WOLFSBANE.) Glabrous; stems trailing (3--8 deg. long); _leaves deeply 3--7-cleft_, petioled, the lower orbicular in outline; the divisions wedge-form, incised, often 2--3-lobed; _flowers white_, in very loose panicles; _helmet soon horizontal, elongated-conical_, with a straight beak in front.--Cheat Mountain, Va., and southward in the Alleghanies. Aug.--Lower leaves 5--6' wide. Flowers 9'' long, nearly glabrous.
19. CIMICIFUGA, L. BUGBANE.
Sepals 4 or 5, falling off soon after the flower expands. Petals, or rather transformed stamens, 1--8, small, on claws, 2-horned at the apex. Stamens as in Actaea. Pistils 1--8, forming dry dehiscent pods in fruit.--Perennials, with 2--3-ternately-divided leaves, the leaflets cut-serrate, and white flowers in elongated wand-like racemes. (Name from _cimex_, a bug, and _fugo_, to drive away.)
Sec. 1. CIMICIFUGA proper. _Pistils 3--8, stipitate; seeds flattened laterally, covered with chaffy scales, in one row in the membranaceous pods; style awl-shaped; stigma minute._
1. C. Americana, Michx. (AMERICAN BUGBANE.) Stem 2--4 deg. high; racemes slender, panicled, ovaries mostly 5, glabrous; pods flattened, veiny, 6--8-seeded.--Mountains of S. Penn. and southward. Aug.--Sept.
Sec. 2. MACROTYS. _Pistil solitary, sometimes 2--3, sessile; seeds smooth, flattened and packed horizontally in the pod in two rows, as in_ Actaea; _stigma broad and flat._
2. C. racemosa, Nutt. (BLACK SNAKEROOT. BLACK COHOSH.) Stem 3--8 deg. high, from a thick knotted rootstock; racemes in fruit becoming 1--3 deg. long; pods ovoid.--Rich woods, Maine to Wisc., and southward. July.--Var. DISSECTA, Gray. Leaves irregularly pinnately decompound, the rather small leaflets incised.--Centreville, Del. (_Commons._)
20. ACTAEA, L. BANEBERRY. COHOSH.
Sepals 4 or 5, falling off when the flower expands. Petals 4--10, small, flat, spatulate, on slender claws. Stamens numerous, with slender white filaments. Pistil single; stigma sessile, depressed, 2-lobed. Fruit a many-seeded berry. Seeds smooth, flattened, and packed horizontally in 2 rows.--Perennials, with ample 2--3-ternately compound leaves, the ovate leaflets sharply cleft and toothed, and a short and thick terminal raceme of white flowers. (From [Greek: a)kte/a], _actaea_, ancient names of the elder, transferred by Linnaeus.)
1. A. spicata, L., var. rubra, Ait. (RED BANEBERRY.) _Raceme ovate_; petals rhombic-spatulate, much shorter than the stamens; _pedicels slender; berries cherry-red_, or sometimes white, oval.--Rich woods, common, especially northward. April, May.--Plant 2 deg. high. (Eu.)
2. A. alba, Bigel. (WHITE BANEBERRY.) Leaflets more incised and sharply toothed; _raceme oblong; petals slender_, mostly truncate at the end, appearing to be transformed stamens; _pedicels thickened in fruit_, as large as the peduncle and red, the globular-oval _berries white_.--Rich woods, flowering a week or two later than the other, and more common westward and southward.--White berries rarely occur with slender pedicels, also red berries with thick pedicels; but these are perhaps the result of crossing.
21. HYDRASTIS, Ellis. ORANGE-ROOT. YELLOW PUCCOON.
Sepals 3, petal-like, falling away when the flower opens. Petals none. Pistils 12 or more in a head, 2-ovuled; stigma flat, 2-lipped. Ovaries becoming a head of crimson 1--2-seeded berries in fruit.--A low perennial herb, sending up in early spring, from a thick and knotted yellow rootstock, a single radical leaf and a simple hairy stem, which is 2-leaved near the summit and terminated by a single greenish-white flower. (Name unmeaning.)
1. H. Canadensis, L. (GOLDEN SEAL, etc.) Leaves rounded, heart-shaped at the base, 5--7-lobed, doubly serrate, veiny, when full grown in summer 4--9' wide.--Rich woods, N. Y. to Minn., and southward.
22. XANTHORRHIZA, Marshall. SHRUB YELLOW-ROOT.
Sepals 5, regular, spreading, deciduous. Petals 5, much smaller than the sepals, concave and obscurely 2-lobed, raised on a claw. Stamens 5 to 10. Pistils 5--15, with 2 pendulous ovules. Pods 1-seeded, oblong, the short style becoming dorsal.--A low shrubby plant; the bark and long roots deep yellow and bitter. Flowers polygamous, brown purple, in compound drooping racemes, appearing along with the 1--2-pinnate leaves from large terminal buds in early spring. (Name compounded of [Greek: xantho/s], _yellow_, and [Greek: r(i/za], _root_.)
1. X. apiifolia, L'Her. Stems clustered, 1--2 deg. high; leaflets cleft and toothed.--Shady banks of streams, Penn. to S. W. New York and Ky., and south in the mountains. The rootstocks of this, and also of the last plant, were used as a yellow dye by the aborigines.
* * * * *
NIGELLA DAMASCENA, L., the FENNEL-FLOWER, which offers a remarkable exception in having the pistils partly united into a compound ovary, so as to form a several-celled capsule, grows nearly spontaneously around gardens.
ORDER 2. MAGNOLIACEAE. (MAGNOLIA FAMILY.)
_Trees or shrubs, with the leaf-buds covered by membranous stipules, polypetalous, hypogynous, polyandrous, polygynous; the calyx and corolla colored alike, in three or more rows of three, and imbricated (rarely convolute) in the bud._--Sepals and petals deciduous. Anthers adnate. Pistils many, mostly packed together and covering the prolonged receptacle, cohering with each other, and in fruit forming a sort of fleshy or dry cone. Seeds 1 or 2 in each carpel, anatropous; albumen fleshy; embryo minute.--Leaves alternate, not toothed, marked with minute transparent dots, feather-veined. Flowers single, large. Bark aromatic and bitter.
1. MAGNOLIA, L.
Sepals 3. Petals 6--9. Stamens imbricated, with very short filaments, and long anthers opening inward. Pistils coherent, forming a fleshy and rather woody cone-like red fruit; each carpel at maturity opening on the back, from which the 1 or 2 berry-like seeds hang by an extensile thread composed of unrolled spiral vessels. Inner seed-coat bony.--Buds conical, the coverings formed of the successive pairs of stipules, each pair enveloping the leaf next above, which is folded lengthwise and applied straight against the side of the next stipular sheath, and so on. (Named after _Magnol_, Professor of Botany at Montpellier in the 17th century.)
[*] _Leaves all scattered along the branches; leaf-buds silky._
1. M. glauca, L. (SMALL or LAUREL MAGNOLIA. SWEET BAY.) _Leaves_ oval to broadly lanceolate, 3--6' long, _obtuse, glaucous beneath; flower globular, white_, 2' long, _very fragrant_; petals broad; cone of fruit small, oblong.--Swamps, from near Cape Ann and N. Y. southward, near the coast; in Penn. as far west as Cumberland Co. June--Aug.--Shrub 4--20 deg. high, with thickish leaves, which farther south are evergreen.
2. M. acuminata, L. (CUCUMBER-TREE.) _Leaves thin, oblong, pointed, green_ and a little pubescent beneath, 5--10' long; _flower oblong bell-shaped, glaucous-green_ tinged with yellow, 2' long; cone of fruit 2--3' long, cylindrical.--Rich woods, western N. Y. to Ill., and southward. May, June.--Tree 60--90 deg. high. Fruit when young slightly resembling a small cucumber, whence the common name.
3. M. macrophylla, Michx. (GREAT-LEAVED MAGNOLIA.) _Leaves obovate-oblong, cordate_ at the narrowed base, pubescent and _white beneath; flower open bell-shaped, white, with a purple spot at base_; petals ovate, 6' long; cone of fruit ovoid.--S. E. Ky. and southward. May, June.--Tree 20--40 deg. high. Leaves 1--3 deg. long, somewhat clustered on the flowering branches.
[*][*] _Leaves crowded on the summit of the flowering branches in an umbrella-like circle; leaf-buds glabrous; flowers white, slightly scented._
4. M. Umbrella, Lam. (UMBRELLA-TREE.) _Leaves obovate-lanceolate, pointed at both ends_, soon glabrous, 1--2 deg. long; petals obovate-oblong, 4--5' long.--S. Penn. to Ky. and southward. May.--A small tree. Fruit rose-color, 4--5' long, ovoid-oblong.
5. M. Fraseri, Walt. (EAR-LEAVED UMBRELLA-TREE.) _Leaves oblong-obovate or spatulate, auriculate at the base_, glabrous, 8--20' long; petals obovate-spatulate, with narrow claws, 4' long.--Va. and Ky., along the Alleghanies, and southward. April, May.--A slender tree 30--50 deg. high. Flower more graceful and cone of fruit smaller than in the preceding.
2. LIRIODENDRON, L. TULIP-TREE.
Sepals 3, reflexed. Petals 6, in two rows, making a bell-shaped corolla. Anthers linear, opening outward. Pistils flat and scale-form, long and narrow, imbricating and cohering together in an elongated cone, dry, separating from each other and from the long and slender axis in fruit, and falling away whole, like a samara or key, indehiscent, 1--2-seeded in the small cavity at the base. Buds flat, sheathed by the successive pairs of flat and broad stipules joined at their edges, the folded leaves bent down on the petiole so that the apex points to the base of the bud. (Name from [Greek: li/rion], _lily_ or _tulip_, and [Greek: de/ndron], _tree_.)