Part 56

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, 15-nerved, oblique, 5-toothed, the upper teeth rather longer than the others. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip nearly erect, 2-lobed, the lower somewhat spreading, 3-cleft, with the middle lobe crenate. Stamens 4, exserted; the upper pair declined, the lower and shorter pair ascending, so that the pairs cross; anther-cells nearly parallel.--Perennial tall herbs, with petioled serrate leaves, and small flowers crowded in interrupted terminal spikes; in summer. (Name from [Greek: lo/phos], _a crest_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _a flower_.)

1. L. nepetoides, Benth. Stem stout, 21/2--6 deg. high, sharply 4-angled, _smooth_, or nearly so; leaves ovate, somewhat pointed, coarsely crenate-toothed (2--4' long); spikes 2--6' long, crowded with the ovate pointed bracts; _calyx-teeth ovate, rather obtuse, little shorter than the pale greenish-yellow corolla_.--Borders of woods, Vt. to Minn., south to N. C. and Tex.

2. L. scrophulariaefolius, Benth. Stem (obtusely 4-angled) and lower surface of the ovate or somewhat heart-shaped acute leaves more or less _pubescent; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute, shorter than the purplish corolla_ (spikes 4--15' long); otherwise like the last.--Same range.

3. L. anisatus, Benth. Smooth, but the ovate acute _leaves glaucous-white underneath_ with minute down; _calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute_.--Plains, Wisc. to Minn., Neb., and westward.--Foliage with the scent of anise.

22. CEDRONELLA, Moench.

Calyx rather obliquely 5-toothed, many-nerved. Corolla ample, expanded at the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip flattish or concave, 2-lobed, the lower 3-cleft, spreading, the middle lobe largest. Stamens 4, ascending, the lower pair shorter; anther-cells parallel.--Sweet-scented perennials, with pale purplish flowers. (Name a diminutive of _cedrus_, the cedar-tree, from the aromatic leaves of C. triphylla, the _Balm-of-Gilead_ of English gardens.)

1. C. cordata, Benth. Low, with slender runners, hairy; leaves broadly heart-shaped, crenate, petioled, the floral shorter than the calyx; whorls few-flowered, at the summit of short ascending stems; corolla hairy inside (11/2' long); stamens shorter than the upper lip.--Moist shady banks, W. Penn. to Ky., south to the mountains of N. C. and Tenn.

23. NEPETA, L. CAT-MINT.

Calyx tubular, often incurved, obliquely 5-toothed. Corolla dilated in the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip erect, rather concave, notched or 2-cleft; the lower spreading, 3-cleft, the middle lobe largest, either 2-lobed or entire. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip, the lower pair shorter; anthers approximate in pairs, the cells divergent.--Perennial herbs. (The Latin name, thought to be derived from _Nepete_, an Etrurian city.)

Sec. 1. _Cymose clusters rather dense and many-flowered, forming interrupted spikes or racemes; upper floral leaves small and bract-like._

N. CATARIA, L. (CATNIP.) Downy, erect, branched; leaves heart-shaped, oblong, deeply crenate, whitish-downy underneath; corolla whitish, dotted with purple.--Near dwellings; a very common weed. July--Sept. (Nat. from Eu.)

Sec. 2. GLECHOMA. _Leaves all alike; the axillary clusters loosely few-flowered._

N. GLECHOMA, Benth. (GROUND IVY. GILL-OVER-THE-GROUND.) Creeping and trailing; leaves petioled, round kidney-shaped, crenate, green both sides; corolla thrice the length of the calyx, light blue.--Damp or shady places, common. (Nat. from Eu.)

24. DRACOCEPHALUM, Tourn. DRAGON-HEAD.

Calyx tubular, 13--15-nerved, straight, 5-toothed; the upper tooth usually much the largest. Corolla 2-lipped; the upper lip slightly arched and notched; the lower spreading, 3-cleft, with its middle lobe largest and 2-cleft or notched at the end. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip, the lower pair shorter; anthers approximate by pairs, the cells divergent.--Whorls many-flowered, mostly spiked or capitate, and with awn-toothed or fringed leafy bracts. (Name from [Greek: dra/kon], _a dragon_, and [Greek: kephale/], _head_, alluding to the form of the corolla in the original species.)

1. D. parviflorum, Nutt. Annual or biennial; stem erect, leafy (8--20' high); leaves ovate-lanceolate, sharply cut-toothed, petioled; whorls crowded in a terminal head or spike; upper tooth of the calyx ovate, nearly equalling the bluish small slender corolla.--Rocky or gravelly soil, northern N. Y. to Iowa and Minn., and westward.

25. SCUTELLARIA, L. SKULLCAP.

Calyx bell-shaped in flower, 2-lipped; the lips entire, closed in fruit, the upper with a helmet-like at length concave and enlarged appendage on the back (the upper sepal); calyx splitting to the base at maturity, the upper lip usually falling away. Corolla with an elongated curved ascending tube, dilated at the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip arched, entire or barely notched, the lateral lobes mostly connected with the upper rather than the lower lip; the lower lobe or lip spreading and convex, notched at the apex. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers approximate in pairs, ciliate or bearded, those of the lower stamens 1-celled (halved), of the upper 2-celled and heart-shaped.--Bitter perennial herbs, not aromatic, the short peduncles or pedicels chiefly opposite, 1-flowered, often 1-sided, axillary or spiked or racemed; in summer. (Name from _scutella_, a dish, in allusion to the appendage to the fruiting calyx.)

Sec. 1. _Nutlets wingless, mostly marginless, on a low gynobase._

[*] _Flowers small (3'' long), in axillary and sometimes terminal 1-sided racemes._

1. S. lateriflora, L. (MAD-DOG SKULLCAP.) Smooth; stem upright, much branched (1--2 deg. high); leaves lanceolate-ovate or ovate-oblong, pointed, coarsely serrate, rounded at base, petioled (2--3'' long), the lower floral ones similar; flowers blue, rarely white.--Wet shaded places, common.

[*][*] _Flowers larger (6--12'' long) in terminal single or panicled racemes, the floral leaves gradually reduced to bracts._

[+] _Stem-leaves all cordate, crenate-toothed, slender-petioled; lateral lobes of the corolla almost equalling the short upper lip._

2. S. versicolor, Nutt. _Soft hairy_, the hairs of the inflorescence, etc., partly viscid-glandular; stem mostly erect (1--3 deg. high); _leaves ovate or round-ovate_, very veiny, _rugose_, the floral reduced to broadly ovate entire bracts about equalling the glandular-hairy calyx; racemes mostly simple; corolla bright blue with lower side and lip whitish.--Banks of streams, Penn. to Wisc., Minn., and southward.--Var. MINOR, Chapm. Low, slender, and thin-leaved; floral leaves small.--Mountains of Va., etc.

3. S. saxatilis, Riddell. _Glabrous or slightly hairy_; stem weak, ascending (6--18' long), often producing runners, branched; _leaves ovate or ovate-oblong_ (1--2' long), _thin, obtuse_; upper bracts oblong or ovate, small, entire; raceme simple, loose.--Moist shaded banks, Del. to Ohio, south in the mountains to Va. and Tenn.

[+][+] _Stem-leaves crenate-dentate or serrate (or nearly entire in n. 7), only the lowest if any cordate at base, more or less petioled; lateral lobes of the blue corolla shorter than the galeate upper lip._

4. S. serrata, Andrews. _Green and nearly glabrous_; stem rather simple (1--3 deg. high), with single loosely flowered racemes; _leaves serrate, acuminate at both ends_, ovate or ovate-oblong; calyx, etc., somewhat hairy; _corolla 1' long, narrow, its lips equal_ in length.--Woods, Penn. to Ill. and N. C.

5. S. canescens, Nutt. Stem branched above (2--4 deg. high), with the _panicled many-flowered racemes, flowers, and the lower surface of the ovate or lance-ovate acute_ (at the base acute, obtuse, or cordate) _crenate leaves whitish with fine soft down_, often becoming rather glabrous; bracts oblong or lanceolate; _corolla 8--9'' long_.--River-banks, Ont. and Penn. to the mountains of N. C. and N. Ala., west to Kan. and Ark.

6. S. pilosa, Michx. _Pubescent with spreading hairs_; stem nearly simple (1--3 deg. high); _leaves rather distant, crenate, oblong-ovate, obtuse_, varying to roundish-ovate, the lower abrupt or heart-shaped at base and long-petioled, the upper on short margined petioles, veiny; bracts oblong-spatulate; racemes short, often branched; _corolla 6'' long, rather narrow_, the lower lip a little shorter.--Dry or sterile ground, southern N. Y. to Mich., south to Fla. and Tex.

Var. hirsuta, Gray, is a large form (sometimes 3 deg. high), more hirsute, with larger very coarsely crenate leaves (2--3' long).--Richer soil, Ky.

Var. ovalifolia, Benth., is a form with shorter and finer pubescence, and narrower less veiny leaves.--N. J. to Va.

7. S. integrifolia, L. _Downy all over with a minute hoariness_; stem commonly simple (1--2 deg. high); _leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, mostly entire_, obtuse, very short-petioled; _corolla_ 1' long, _much enlarged above, the ample lips equal_ in length.--Dry ground, N. Eng. to Fla. and Tex.

[*][*][*] _Flowers solitary in the axils of the upper mostly sessile leaves, which resemble the lower ones but are occasionally reduced._

8. S. Wrightii, Gray. _Firm and woody at base, not stoloniferous nor tuberiferous_, low, many-stemmed in a tuft, minutely cinereous-puberulent, very leafy; leaves ovate or spatulate-oblong, entire, subsessile (1/2' long), the upper floral shorter than the flowers; corolla pubescent (1/2' long), usually violet.--Kan. to Tex.

9. S. parvula, Michx. Herbaceous; _subterranean stolons moniliform-tuberiferous_; minutely downy, dwarf (3--6' high), branched and spreading; all but the lower leaves sessile and entire, the lowest round-ovate, the others ovate or lance-ovate, slightly heart-shaped (6--8'' long); corolla 2--4'' long.--Sandy banks, W. New Eng. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex.--Var. MOLLIS, Gray, is more spreading, softly pubescent throughout, with larger less firm leaves.--Sandy banks, S. Ill. to Kan.

10. S. galericulata, L. _Herbaceous; subterranean stolons not tuberiferous_; smooth or a little downy, erect (1--2 deg. high), simple; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate, roundish and slightly heart-shaped at base (1--2' long); corolla violet-blue, 8--9'' long, with slender tube, the large lower lip nearly erect.--Wet shady places; common especially northward. (Eu.)

Sec. 2. _Nutlets conspicuously winged, each raised on a slender base._

11. S. nervosa, Pursh. Smooth, simple or branched, slender, 10--20' high; lower leaves roundish, the middle ovate, toothed, somewhat heart-shaped (1' long), the floral ovate-lanceolate, entire; nerve-like veins prominent beneath; corolla bluish, 4'' long, the lower lip exceeding the concave upper one.--Moist thickets, N. Y. to Ind., south to Va. and Mo.

26. BRUNELLA, Tourn. SELF-HEAL.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, somewhat 10-nerved and reticulated-veiny, flattened on the upper side, naked in the throat, closed in fruit, 2-lipped; upper lip broad and flat, truncate, with 3 short teeth, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla ascending, slightly contracted at the throat and dilated at the lower side just beneath it, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, arched, entire; the lower reflexed-spreading, 3-cleft, its lateral lobes oblong, the middle one rounded, concave, denticulate. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; filaments 2-toothed at the apex, the lower tooth bearing the anther; anthers approximate in pairs, their cells diverging.--Low perennials, with nearly simple stems, and 3-flowered clusters of flowers sessile in the axils of round and bract-like membranaceous floral leaves, imbricated in a close spike or head. (Name said to be from the German _braune_, a disease of the throat, for which this plant was a reputed remedy.)

1. B. vulgaris, L. (COMMON SELF-HEAL or HEAL-ALL.) Leaves ovate-oblong, entire or toothed, petioled, hairy or smoothish; corolla (violet or flesh-color, rarely white) not twice the length of the purplish calyx.--Woods and fields, Newf. to Fla., westward across the continent. June--Sept. (Eu.)

27. PHYSOSTEGIA, Benth. FALSE DRAGON-HEAD.

Calyx nearly equally 5-toothed, obscurely 10-nerved, short-tubular or bell-shaped, more or less enlarged and slightly inflated in fruit. Corolla funnel-form, with a much inflated throat, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, nearly entire; the lower 3-parted, spreading, small, its middle lobe larger, broad and rounded, notched. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers approximate; the cells parallel.--Smooth perennials, with upright wand-like stems, and sessile lanceolate or oblong mostly serrate leaves. Flowers large and showy, rose or flesh-color variegated with purple, opposite, crowded in simple or panicled terminal leafless spikes. (Name from [Greek: phy~sa], _a bladder_, and [Greek: ste/ge], _a covering_.)

1. P. Virginiana, Benth. Stem 1--4 deg. high, terminated by a simple virgate or several panicled spikes; leaves thickish; _calyx tubular-campanulate, its teeth half the length of the tube; corolla 1' long_.--Wet grounds, from N. Vt. west and southward. Varies greatly.--Var. DENTICULATA, Gray. Slender and commonly low, with crenulate-denticulate or obscurely serrate leaves, and slender or loosely-flowered spikes.--Middle Atlantic States.

2. P. intermedia, Gray. Slender, 1--3 deg. high, remotely leaved; leaves linear-lanceolate, repand-denticulate; _spikes filiform_, rather remotely flowered; _calyx short and broadly campanulate, its teeth about as long as the tube; corolla 5--6'' long, much dilated upward_.--Barrens, W. Ky. and Ark. to La. and Tex.

28. SYNANDRA, Nutt.

Calyx bell-shaped, inflated, membranaceous, irregularly veiny, almost equally 4-toothed! Corolla with a long tube, much expanded above and at the throat; the upper lip slightly arched, entire, the lower spreading and 3-cleft, with ovate lobes, the middle one broadest and notched at the end. Stamens 4, ascending; filaments hairy; anthers approximate in pairs under the upper lip; the two upper each with one fertile and one smaller sterile cell, the latter cells cohering together (whence the name; from [Greek: sy/n], _together_, and [Greek: a)ne/r], for _anther_).

1. S. grandiflora, Nutt. Hairy biennial, 1 deg. high; lower leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate, heart-shaped, crenate, thin, the floral sessile, gradually reduced to bracts, each with a single sessile flower; corolla 11/2' long, yellowish-white.--Shady banks of streams, S. Ohio to Ill. and Tenn. In spring.

29. MARRUBIUM, Tourn. HOREHOUND.

Calyx tubular, 5--10-nerved, nearly equally 5--10-toothed, the teeth more or less spiny-pointed and spreading at maturity. Upper lip of the corolla erect, notched, the lower spreading, 3-cleft, its middle lobe broadest. Stamens 4, _included in the tube of the corolla_.--Whitish-woolly bitter-aromatic perennials, branched at the base, with rugose and crenate or cut leaves, and many-flowered axillary whorls. (A name of Pliny, from the Hebrew _marrob_, a bitter juice.)

M. VULGARE, L. (COMMON HOREHOUND.) Stems ascending; leaves round-ovate, petioled, crenate-toothed; whorls capitate; calyx with 10 recurved teeth, the alternate ones shorter; corolla small, white.--Escaped from gardens into waste places. (Nat. from Eu.)

30. BALLOTA, L. FETID HOREHOUND.

Calyx nearly funnel-form; the 10-ribbed tube expanded above into a spreading regular border, with 5--10 teeth. Anthers exserted beyond the tube of the corolla, approximate in pairs. Otherwise much as in Marrubium. (The Greek name, of uncertain origin.)

B. NIGRA, L. (BLACK HOREHOUND.) More or less hairy, but green, erect; the root perennial; leaves ovate, toothed; whorls many-flowered, dense; calyx-teeth 5, longer than the tube of the purplish corolla.--Waste places N. Eng., Penn., etc. (Nat. from Eu.)

31. PHLOMIS, Tourn. JERUSALEM SAGE.

Calyx tubular, 5--10-nerved, truncate or equally 5-toothed. Upper lip of the corolla arched; the lower spreading, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, ascending and approximate in pairs under the upper lip; the filaments of the upper pair _longer than the others_ in P. tuberosa, with an awl-shaped appendage at base; anther-cells divergent and confluent.--Leaves rugose. Whorls dense and many-flowered, axillary, remote, bracted. (An old Greek name of a woolly plant.)

P. TUBEROSA, L. Tall perennial (3--5 deg. high), nearly smooth; leaves ovate-heart-shaped, crenate, petioled, the floral oblong-lanceolate; bracts awl-shaped, hairy; upper lip of the purple corolla densely bearded with white hairs on the inside.--S. shore of Lake Ontario, N. Y. June, July. (Nat. from Eu.)

32. LEONURUS, L. MOTHERWORT.

Calyx top-shaped, 5-nerved, with 5 nearly equal teeth which are awl-shaped, and when old rather spiny-pointed and spreading. Upper lip of the corolla oblong and entire, somewhat arched; the lower spreading, 3-lobed, its middle lobe larger, narrowly oblong-obovate, entire, the lateral ones oblong. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers approximate in pairs, the valves naked. Nutlets truncate and sharply 3-angled.--Upright herbs, with cut-lobed leaves, and close whorls of flowers in their axils; in summer. (Name from [Greek: le/on], _a lion_, and [Greek: ou)ra/], _tail_, i.e. _Lion's-tail_.)

L. CARDIACA, L. (COMMON MOTHERWORT.) Tall perennial; leaves long-petioled, the lower rounded, palmately lobed, the floral wedge-shaped at base, 3-cleft, the lobes lanceolate; upper lip of the pale purple corolla bearded.--Waste places, around dwellings. (Nat. from Eu.)

L. MARRUBIASTRUM, L. Tall biennial, with elongated branches; stem-leaves oblong-ovate, coarsely toothed; corolla (whitish) shorter than the calyx-teeth, the tube naked within; lower lip rather erect.--Roadsides, N. J. to Del., and southward. (Adv. from Eu.)

L. SIBIRICUS, L. Tall biennial; leaves 3-parted, the divisions 2--5-cleft, or deeply 3--7-cleft and incised; corolla (purplish) twice as long as the calyx, the upper lip fornicate, the lower little spreading.--Waste grounds, Penn.; also far west. (Adv. from Eu. and Asia.)

33. LAMIUM, L. DEAD-NETTLE.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, about 5-nerved, with 5 nearly equal awl-pointed teeth. Corolla dilated at the throat; upper lip ovate or oblong, arched, narrowed at the base; the middle lobe of the spreading lower lip broad, notched at the apex, contracted as if stalked at the base, the lateral ones small, at the margin of the throat. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers approximate in pairs, 2-celled, the cells divergent. Nutlets truncate.--Decumbent herbs, the lowest leaves small and long-petioled, the middle heart-shaped and doubly toothed, the floral subtending the whorled flower-cluster; spring to autumn. (Name from [Greek: laimo/s], _throat_, in allusion to the ringent corolla.)

[*] _Annuals or biennials, low; flowers small, purple, in few whorls or heads._

L. AMPLEXICAULE, L. Leaves rounded, deeply crenate-toothed or cut, the _upper ones clasping_; corolla elongated, upper lip bearded, the lower spotted; lateral lobes truncate.--Rather common. (Nat. from Eu.)

L. PURPUREUM, L. _Leaves_ roundish or oblong, heart-shaped, crenate-toothed, _all petioled_.--N. Eng. and Penn. (Nat. from Eu.)

(Addendum) L. INTERMEDIUM, Fries. Resembling L. purpureum, but the calyx-teeth longer than the tube, the rather narrower corolla without a hairy ring within near the base, and the nutlet longer (3 times as long as broad).--Cultivated fields near Hingham, Mass. (_C. J. Sprague_). (Adv. from Eu.)

[*][*] _Perennial, taller; flowers larger, in several axillary whorls._

L. ALBUM, L. Hairy; leaves ovate, heart-shaped, petioled; calyx-teeth very slender, spreading; corolla white, the tube curved upward, obliquely contracted near the base, where there is a ring of hairs inside; lateral lobes of lower lip bearing a long slender tooth.--E. New Eng. (Nat. from Eu.)

L. MACULATUM, L. Like the last, but leaves more frequently marked with a white spot on the upper face, and flowers purplish, with the ring of hairs transverse instead of oblique.--Sparingly escaped. (Adv. from Eu.)

34. GALEOPSIS, L. HEMP-NETTLE.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, about 5-nerved, with 5 somewhat equal and spiny-tipped teeth. Corolla dilated at the throat; upper lip ovate, arched, entire; the lower 3-cleft, spreading, the lateral lobes ovate, the middle one inversely heart-shaped; palate with 2 teeth at the sinuses. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; _anther-cells transversely 2-valved_; the inner valve of each cell bristly-fringed, the outer one larger and naked.--Annuals, with spreading branches, and several--many-flowered whorls in the axils of floral leaves which are nearly like the lower ones. (Name composed of [Greek: gale/e], _a weasel_, and [Greek: o)/psis], _resemblance_, from some fancied likeness of the corolla to the head of a weasel.)

G. TETRAHIT, L. (COMMON HEMP-NETTLE.) _Stem swollen below the joints, bristly-hairy; leaves ovate_, coarsely serrate; corolla purplish or variegated, about twice the length of the calyx; or, in var. GRANDIFLORA, 3--4 times the length of the calyx, often yellowish with a purple spot on the lower lip.--Waste places, common. Aug., Sept. (Nat. from Eu.)

G. LADANUM, L. (RED H.) _Stem smooth or pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate_, more or less downy; corolla red or rose-color (often spotted with yellow), much exceeding the calyx.--E. New Eng., rare. Aug. (Adv. from Eu.)

35. STACHYS, Tourn. HEDGE-NETTLE.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, 5--10-nerved, equally 5-toothed, or the upper teeth united to form an upper lip. Corolla not dilated at the throat; upper lip erect or rather spreading, often arched, entire or nearly so; the lower usually longer and spreading, 3-lobed, with the middle lobe largest and nearly entire. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip (often reflexed on the throat after flowering); anthers approximate in pairs. Nutlets obtuse, not truncate.--Whorls 2--many-flowered, approximate in a terminal raceme or spike (whence the name, from [Greek: sta/chus], _a spike_). Flowers purple or rose-red, in summer.

[*] _Root annual; stems decumbent, low._

S. ARVENSIS, L. (WOUNDWORT.) Hairy; leaves petioled, cordate-ovate, obtuse, crenate; whorls 4--6-flowered, distant; corolla (purplish) scarcely longer than the unarmed calyx.--Waste places, E. Mass. (Adv. from Eu.)

[*][*] _Root perennial; stem erect._

[+] _Leaves obscurely or not at all cordate, sessile or short-petioled._

1. S. hyssopifolia, Michx. _Smooth and glabrous_, or the nodes hirsute; stems slender (1 deg. high); _leaves linear-oblong or narrowly linear, sessile_, obscurely toothed toward the apex; whorls 4--6-flowered, rather distant; _corolla glabrous_, twice or thrice the length of the triangular-awl-shaped spreading calyx-teeth.--Wet sandy places, Mass. to Mich., south to Fla. and Mo.--Var. AMBIGUA, Gray, is stouter (1--2 deg. high), sometimes with scattered retrorse bristles on the angles of the stem, and with broader (3--6'') serrulate leaves.--Ill. and Ky. to Ga.

2. S. palustris, L. Stem 4-angled (2--3 deg. high), leafy, _hirsute with spreading or reflexed hairs_, especially on the angles; _leaves_ sessile, or the lower short-petioled, _oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, crenately serrate_, rounded at base, _downy or hairy-pubescent_, obtusish (2--4' long), the upper floral ones shorter than the nearly sessile calyx; whorls 6--10-flowered, the upper crowded into an interrupted spike; calyx hispid; the lance-subulate teeth somewhat spiny, half the length of the corolla, diverging in fruit; _upper lip of corolla pubescent_.--Wet ground, Newf. to Penn., westward across the continent.

3. S. aspera, Michx. Taller; _stem more commonly smooth on the sides, the angles beset with stiff reflexed bristles_; leaves hairy or smoothish, as in the last, but _nearly all distinctly petioled_, the lower floral as long as the flowers; spike often slender and more interrupted; _calyx mostly glabrous_, the tube rather narrower and the teeth more awl-shaped and spiny; _corolla glabrous throughout_. (S. palustris, var. aspera, _Gray_.)--Wet ground, common.