Part 54

1. D. Americana, L. Stem 1--3 deg. high; leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated; spikes oblong, dense, long-peduncled; corolla 4--5'' long.--In water, N. W. Vt. to Wisc., south to S. C. and Tex. July--Sept.

ORDER 81. VERBENACEAE. (VERVAIN FAMILY.)

_Herbs or shrubs, with opposite leaves, more or less 2-lipped or irregular corolla, and didynamous stamens, the 2--4-celled_ (in Phryma 1-celled) _fruit dry or drupaceous, usually splitting when ripe into as many 1-seeded indehiscent nutlets_; differing from the following order in the ovary not being 4-lobed, the style therefore terminal, and the plants seldom aromatic or furnishing a volatile oil.--Seeds with a straight embryo and little or no albumen.--A large order in the warmer parts of the world, sparingly represented in cool regions.

Tribe I. VERBENEAE. Ovary 2--4-celled, with an erect anatropous ovule in each cell.

1. Verbena. Flowers in spikes or heads. Calyx tubular. Fruit splitting into 4 nutlets.

2. Lippia. Flowers in spikes or heads. Calyx short, 2-cleft. Fruit splitting into 2 nutlets.

3. Callicarpa. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx short. Fruit berry-like, with 4 nutlets.

Tribe II. PHRYMEAE. Ovary 1-celled; ovule erect, orthotropous.

4. Phryma. Flowers in slender spikes. Calyx cylindrical, 2-lipped. Fruit an achene.

1. VERBENA, Tourn. VERVAIN.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, one of the teeth often shorter than the others. Corolla tubular, often curved, salver-form; the border somewhat unequally 5-cleft. Stamens included; the upper pair occasionally without anthers. Style slender; stigma mostly 2-lobed. Fruit splitting into 4 seed-like nutlets.--Flowers sessile, in single or often panicled spikes, bracted; produced all summer. (The Latin name for any sacred herb; derivation obscure.)--The species present numerous spontaneous hybrids.

Sec. 1. _Anthers not appendaged; flowers small, in narrow spikes._

[*] _Spikes filiform, with flowers or at least fruits scattered, naked, the inconspicuous bracts shorter than the calyx._

V. OFFICINALIS, L. (EUROPEAN V.) Annual, glabrous or nearly so, loosely branched (1--3 deg. high); _leaves pinnatifid or 3-cleft, oblong-lanceolate_, sessile, smooth above, the lobes cut and toothed; spikes panicled; _flowers purplish_, very small.--Roadsides and old fields, N. J. to Minn., south to Tex., and westward. (Nat. from Eu.)

1. V. urticaefolia, L. (WHITE V.) Perennial, from minutely pubescent to almost glabrous, rather tall (3--5 deg. high); _leaves oval or oblong-ovate, acute, coarsely serrate, petioled_; spikes at length much elongated, loosely panicled; flowers very small, _white_.--Waste or open grounds. (Trop. Am.)

[*][*] _Spikes thicker or densely flowered; the fruits crowded, mostly overlapping each other; bracts inconspicuous, not exceeding the flowers; perennial._

2. V. angustifolia, Michx. Low (6--18' high), often simple; _leaves narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the base, sessile, roughish_, slightly toothed; spikes few or single; the purple flowers crowded, larger than in the next.--Dry or sandy ground, Mass. to Minn., south to Fla. and Ark.

3. V. hastata, L. (BLUE VERVAIN.) Tall (4--6 deg. high); _leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate_, taper-pointed, cut-serrate, _petioled, the lower often lobed and sometimes halberd-shaped_ at base; _spikes linear, erect_, corymbed or panicled; flowers blue.--Waste grounds and roadsides; common.

4. V. stricta, Vent. (HOARY V.) _Downy with soft whitish hairs_, erect, simple or branched (1--2 deg. high); _leaves sessile, obovate or oblong, serrate_; _spikes thick_, somewhat clustered, hairy; flowers rather large, purple.--Barrens and prairies, Ohio to Dak., south to Tex. and N. Mex.

[*][*][*] _Spikes thick, sessile and leafy-bracted; annual._

5. V. bracteosa, Michx. Widely spreading or procumbent, hairy; leaves wedge-lanceolate, cut-pinnatifid or 3-cleft, short-petioled; spikes single, remotely flowered; bracts large, the lower pinnatifid, longer than the small purple flowers.--Prairies and waste grounds, Ohio to Minn., south and westward.

Sec. 2. _Anthers of the longer stamens glandular-tipped; flowers showy, from depressed-capitate becoming spicate._

6. V. bipinnatifida, Nutt. _Hispid-hirsute_, 1/2--1 deg. high; _leaves_ (11/2--4' long) _bipinnately parted_, or 3-parted into more or less bipinnatifid divisions, the lobes commonly linear or broader; _bracts mostly surpassing the calyx_; limb of bluish-purple or lilac corolla 4--5'' _broad_.--Plains and prairies, Kan. to Ark. and Tex., and westward.

7. V. Aubletia, L. Slender, 1 deg. high or less, _soft-pubescent or glabrate_; _leaves_ (1--2' long) _ovate or ovate-oblong in outline, with a wedge-shaped base, incisely lobed and toothed_, often more deeply 3-cleft; _bracts shorter than or equalling the calyx_; limb of reddish-purple or lilac (rarely white) corolla 6--8'' _broad_.--Open woods and prairies, Ind. and Ill. to Fla., Ark., and N. Mex.

2. LIPPIA, Houst.

Calyx short, often flattened, 2--4-toothed, or 2-lipped. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip notched, the lower much larger, 3-lobed. Stamens included. Style slender; stigma obliquely capitate. Fruit 2-celled, 2-seeded. (Dedicated to _Augustus Lippi_, an Italian naturalist and traveller.)

1. L. lanceolata, Michx. (FOG-FRUIT.) _Creeping extensively, roughish, green; leaves oblanceolate or wedge-spatulate_, serrate above; _peduncles axillary, slender, exceeding the leaves_, bearing solitary closely bracted heads of bluish-white flowers; _bracts mucronate or pointless_.--River-banks, E. Penn. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex. July--Sept.

2. L. cuneifolia, Steud. Diffusely branched from a woody base, procumbent _(not creeping), minutely canescent throughout; leaves rigid, cuneate-linear_, incisely 2--6-toothed above the middle; peduncles axillary, _mostly shorter than the leaves_; bracts rigid, broadly cuneate, _abruptly acuminate_; corolla white (?).--Plains, W. Neb. to central Kan. and Arizona.

3. CALLICARPA, L.

Calyx 4--5-toothed, short. Corolla tubular-bell-shaped, 4--5-lobed, nearly regular. Stamens 4, nearly equal, exserted; anthers opening at the apex. Style slender, thickened upward. Fruit a small berry-like drupe, with 4 nutlets.--Shrubs, with scurfy pubescence, and small flowers in axillary cymes. (Name formed of [Greek: ka/llos], _beauty_, and [Greek: karpo/s], _fruit_.)

1. C. Americana, L. (FRENCH MULBERRY.) Leaves ovate-oblong with a tapering base, acuminate, toothed, whitish beneath; cymes many-flowered; calyx obscurely 4-toothed; corolla bluish; fruit violet-color.--Rich soil, Va. to Tex., thence north to Mo. May--July.

4. PHRYMA, L. LOPSEED.

Calyx cylindrical, 2-lipped; the upper lip of 3 bristle-awl-shaped teeth; the lower shorter, 2-toothed. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip notched; the lower much larger, 3-lobed. Stamens included. Style slender; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit dry, in the bottom of the calyx, oblong, 1-celled and 1-seeded. Seed orthotropous. Cotyledons convolute round their axis.--A perennial herb, with slender branching stems, and coarsely toothed ovate leaves, the lower long-petioled; the small opposite flowers in elongated and slender terminal spikes, strictly reflexed in fruit. Corolla purplish or rose-color. (Derivation of the name unknown.)

1. P. Leptostachya, L. Plant 2--3 deg. high; leaves 3--5' long, thin; calyx strongly ribbed and closed in fruit, the long slender teeth hooked at the tip.--Moist and open woods, common. (E. Asia.)

ORDER 82. LABIATAE. (MINT FAMILY.)

_Chiefly herbs, with square stems, opposite aromatic leaves, more or less 2-lipped corolla, didynamous or diandrous stamens, and a deeply 4-lobed ovary, which forms in fruit 4 little seed-like nutlets or achenes, surrounding the base of the single style in the bottom of the persistent calyx, each filled with a single erect seed._--Nutlets smooth or barely roughish and fixed by their base, except in the first tribe. Albumen mostly none. Embryo straight (except in Scutellaria); radicle at the base of the fruit. Upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed or sometimes entire; the lower 3-lobed. Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla. Style 2-lobed at the apex. Flowers axillary, chiefly in cymose clusters, these often aggregated in terminal spikes or racemes. Foliage mostly dotted with small glands containing a volatile oil, upon which depends the warmth and aroma of the plants of this large and well-known family.

I. Nutlets rugose-reticulated, attached obliquely or ventrally; ovary merely 4-lobed.

Tribe I. AJUGOIDEAE. Stamens 4, ascending and parallel, mostly exserted from the upper side of the corolla. Calyx 5--10-nerved.

[*] Limb of corolla merely oblique, of 5 nearly equal and similar lobes.

1. Trichostema. Corolla lobes all declined. Calyx oblique. Stamens exserted.

2. Isanthus. Calyx bell shaped. Corolla small, the lobes spreading. Stamens included.

[*][*] Limb of corolla irregular, seemingly unilabiate, the upper lip being either split down or very short; stamens exserted from the cleft.

3. Teucrium. Corolla deeply cleft between the 2 small lobes of the upper lip.

4. Ajuga. Corolla with a very short and as if truncate upper lip.

II. Nutlets smooth or granulate; scar basal, small; ovary deeply 4-parted.

Tribe II. SATUREINEAE. Upper pair of stamens shorter or wanting; anthers 2-celled. Upper lip of corolla not galeate or concave.

[*] Flowers in loose terminal panicled racemes; calyx 2-lipped, enlarged and declined in fruit.

5. Collinsonia. Lower lobe of corolla fimbriate, much the largest. Stamens 2.

6. Perilla. Corolla short, the lower lobe little larger. Stamens 4, included.

[*][*] Flowers in more or less crowded clusters or whorls, axillary or spicate.

[+] Corolla not evidently 2-lipped, but almost equally 4-lobed, small. Stamens erect, distant.

7. Mentha. Fertile stamens 4, nearly equal.

8. Lycopus. Fertile stamens 2, and often 2 sterile filaments without anthers.

[+][+] Corolla more or less 2-lipped.

[++] Stamens distant and straight, often divergent, never convergent nor curved.

[=] Stamens 2, with or without rudiments of the upper pair.

9. Cunila. Calyx very hairy in the throat, equally 5-toothed. Corolla small.

[=][=] Stamens 4, calyx 10--13-nerved, and hairy in the throat (except n. 10).

10. Hyssopus. Calyx tubular, 15-nerved, equally 5-toothed. Stamens exserted.

11. Pycnanthemum. Calyx ovate or short-tubular, equally 5-toothed or somewhat 2-lipped. Flowers in dense heads or clusters.

12. Origanum. Calyx ovate-bell-shaped, 5-toothed. Spikes with large colored bracts.

13. Thymus. Calyx ovate, nodding in fruit, 2-lipped. Bracts minute; leaves very small.

[++][++] Stamens (often 2 only in n. 16) ascending or arcuate, often more or less converging (or ascending parallel under the erect upper lip in n. 14 and 15).

14. Satureia. Calyx bell-shaped, 10-nerved, naked in the throat, equally 5-toothed.

15. Calamintha. Calyx tubular, often hairy in the throat, 13-nerved, 2-lipped. Tube of corolla straight.

16. Melissa. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, flattish on the upper side. Corolla curved upward.

17. Hedeoma. Calyx gibbous on the lower side, hairy in the throat. Flowers loose.

Tribe III. MONARDEAE. Stamens 2, ascending and parallel; anthers apparently or really 1-celled. Corolla strongly 2-lipped.

18. Salvia. Calyx 2-lipped. Anthers with a long connective astride the filament, bearing a linear cell at the upper end, and none or an imperfect cell on the lower.

19. Monarda. Calyx tubular and elongated, equally 5-toothed. Anthers of 2 cells confluent into one, the connective inconspicuous.

20. Blephilia. Calyx ovate-tubular, 2-lipped. Anthers as in the last.

Tribe IV. NEPETEAE. Stamens 4, the upper (inner) pair longer than the lower,ascending or diverging. Corolla 2-lipped; the upper lip concave or arched, the lower spreading. Calyx mostly 15-nerved.

[*] Anthers not approximate in pairs; their cells parallel or nearly so.

21. Lophanthus. Stamens divergent, exserted; upper pair declined, lower ascending.

22. Cedronella. Stamens all ascending, not exceeding the lip of the corolla.

[*][*] Anthers more or less approximate in pairs; their cells divaricate or divergent; filaments ascending, not exserted.

23. Nepeta. Calyx more or less curved, equally 5-toothed.

24. Dracocephalum. Calyx straight, the upper tooth much the larger.

Tribe V. SCUTELLARINEAE. Stamens 4, ascending and parallel. Calyx bilabiate, closed in fruit; the rounded lips entire. Corolla bilabiate, the upper lip arched.

25. Scutellaria. Calyx with a helmet-like projection on the upper side.

Tribe VI. STACHYDEAE. Stamens 4, parallel and ascending under the galeate or concave upper lip, the lower (outer) pair longer (except in n. 31, 32). Calyx 5--10-nerved, not 2-lipped (except in n. 26).

[*] Calyx reticulate-veiny, deeply bilabiate, closed in fruit.

26. Brunella. Calyx nerved and veiny; upper lip flat, 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft.

[*][*] Calyx thin, inflated in fruit, obscurely nerved, 3--5-lobed, open.

27. Physostegia. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Anther cells parallel.

28. Synandra. Calyx almost equally 4-lobed! Anther cells widely divergent.

[*][*][*] Calyx of firmer texture, distinctly 5--10-nerved or striate, 5--10-toothed.

[+] Stamens included in the short corolla-tube, its upper lip merely concave.

29. Marrubium. Calyx tubular, 5--10-nerved, and with 5 or 10 awl-shaped teeth.

[+][+] Stamens ascending under the galeate upper lip of the corolla.

[++] Stamens not deflexed after anthesis; naturalized from the Old World.

30. Ballota. Calyx somewhat funnel-form, expanding above into a spreading 5-toothed border. Nutlets roundish at top. Upper lip of the corolla erect.

31. Phlomis. Calyx tubular, the 5 teeth abruptly awned. Upper lip of the corolla arched.

32. Leonurus. Calyx top-shaped, the rigid spiny-pointed teeth soon spreading. Nutlets truncate and acutely 3-angled at top. Leaves cleft or incised.

33. Lamium. Calyx-teeth not spiny-pointed. Nutlets sharply 3-angled, truncate.

34. Galeopsis. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped; the 5 teeth spiny-pointed. Anthers transversely 2-valved, the smaller valve ciliate.

[++][++] Stamens often deflexed or contorted after anthesis.

35. Stachys. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, equally 5-toothed or the 2 upper teeth united into one. Nutlets rounded at top.

1. TRICHOSTEMA, L. BLUE CURLS.

Calyx bell-shaped, oblique, deeply 5-cleft; the 3 upper teeth elongated and partly united, the 2 lower very short. Corolla 5-lobed; the lobes narrowly oblong, declined, nearly equal in length; the 3 lower more or less united. Stamens 4, with very long capillary filaments, exserted much beyond the corolla, curved; anther-cells divergent and at length confluent.--Low annuals, somewhat clammy glandular and balsamic, branched, with entire leaves, and mostly solitary 1-flowered pedicels terminating the branches, becoming lateral by the production of axillary branchlets, and the flower appearing to be reversed, namely, the short teeth of the calyx upward, etc. Corolla blue, varying to pink, rarely white, small; in summer and autumn. (Name composed of [Greek: thri/x], _hair_ and [Greek: ste~ma], _stamen_, from the capillary filaments.)

1. T. dichotomum, L. (BASTARD PENNYROYAL.) Viscid with rather minute pubescence; _leaves lance-oblong or rhombic-lanceolate_, rarely lance-linear, short-petioled.--Sandy fields, E. Mass. to Ky., south to Fla. and Tex.

2. T. lineare, Nutt. Puberulent, more slender and less forked; _leaves linear_, nearly smooth.--Conn. to La., near the coast; in sandy ground.

2. ISANTHUS, Michx. FALSE PENNYROYAL.

Calyx bell-shaped, 5-lobed, equal, enlarged in fruit. Corolla little longer than the calyx; the border bell-shaped, with 5 nearly equal and obovate spreading lobes. Stamens 4, slightly didynamous, incurved-ascending, scarcely exceeding the corolla.--A low, much branched annual, clammy-pubescent, with nearly entire lance-oblong 3-nerved leaves, and small pale blue flowers on axillary 1--3-flowered peduncles. (Name from [Greek: i)/sos], _equal_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_, referring to the almost regular corolla.)

1. I. caeruleus, Michx. Corolla 2--3'' long, little exceeding the calyx.--Dry or sterile ground, Maine to Ill., Minn., and southward. July, August.

3. TEUCRIUM, Tourn. GERMANDER.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with the 4 upper lobes nearly equal, oblong, turned forward, so that there seems to be no upper lip; the lower lobe much larger. Stamens 4, exserted from the deep cleft between the 2 upper lobes of the corolla; anther-cells confluent. (Named for _Teucer_, king of Troy.)

1. T. Canadense, L. (AMERICAN GERMANDER. WOOD SAGE.) Perennial, _downy_, erect (1--3 deg. high); leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate, rounded at base, short-petioled, hoary underneath, the floral scarcely longer than the oblique unequally-toothed calyx; whorls about 6-flowered, crowded in a long and simple wand-like spike; _calyx canescent, the 3 upper lobes very obtuse_ or the middle one acutish; corolla purple, rose, or sometimes cream-color (6'' long).--Low grounds; not rare. July--Sept.

2. T. occidentale, Gray. _Loosely pubescent; calyx villous with viscid hairs, the upper lobes acute or middle one acuminate_; corolla 4--5'' long; other wise like the last.--A western form, from Neb. southwestward, and extending eastward (Ont., and near Philadelphia).

4. AJUGA, L.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with very short and as if truncate upper lip; the large and spreading lower lip with the middle lobe emarginate or 2-cleft. Stamens as in Teucrium, but anther-cells less confluent. (From [Greek: a-] privative, and [Greek: zygo/n] (Latin _jugum_), _yoke_, from the seeming absence of a yoke-fellow to the lower lip of the corolla.)

A. REPTANS, L. Perennial, about 1 deg. high, with copious creeping stolons; leaves obovate or spatulate, sometimes sinuate, the cauline sessile, the floral approximate, subtending several sessile blue flowers.--Naturalized near Saco, Maine, Montreal, etc. (Eu., N. Asia.)

5. COLLINSONIA, L. HORSE-BALM.

Calyx ovate, enlarged and declined in fruit, 2-lipped; upper lip truncate and flattened, 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla elongated, expanded at the throat, somewhat 2-lipped, the tube with a bearded ring within; the 4 upper lobes nearly equal, but the lower much larger and longer, pendent, toothed or lacerate-fringed. Stamens 2 (sometimes 4, the upper pair shorter), much exserted, diverging; anther-cells divergent.--Strong-scented perennials, with large ovate leaves, and yellowish flowers on slender pedicels, in loose and panicled terminal racemes. (Named in honor of _Peter Collinson_, a well-known patron of science and correspondent of Linnaeus, who introduced it into England.)

1. C. Canadensis, L. (RICH-WEED. STONE-ROOT.) Nearly smooth (1--3 deg. high); leaves serrate, pointed, petioled (3--6' long); panicle loose; corolla 8--9'' long, lemon-scented; stamens 2.--Rich moist woods, N. Brunswick to Wisc., south to Fla. and Mo. July--Sept.

6. PERILLA, L.

Calyx as in Collinsonia. Corolla-tube included, the limb 5-cleft; lower lobe a little larger. Stamens 4, included, erect, distant.--Coarse aromatic annual, with small flowers in panicled and axillary racemes. (A Greek and Latin proper name.)

P. OCYMOIDES, L. Erect, branching, 2--3 deg. high; leaves ovate, coarsely toothed; flowers white.--About dwellings and roadsides, S. Ill. (_Schneck._) (Adv. from E. Asia.)

7. MENTHA, Tourn. MINT.

Calyx bell-shaped or tubular, 5-toothed, equal or nearly so. Corolla with a short included tube; the bell-shaped border somewhat equally 4-cleft; the upper lobe broadest, entire or notched. Stamens 4, equal, erect, distant.--Odorous perennial herbs; the small flowers mostly in close clusters, forming axillary capitate whorls, sometimes approximated in interrupted spikes, produced in summer, of two sorts as to the fertility of the stamens in most species. Corolla pale purple or whitish. Species mostly adventive or naturalized from Europe, with many hybrids. ([Greek: Mi/nthe] of Theophrastus, from a Nymph of that name, fabled to have been changed into Mint by Proserpine.)

[*] _Spikes narrow and leafless, densely crowded; leaves sessile or nearly so._

M. SYLVESTRIS, L. (HORSE MINT of Eu.) _Finely pubescent or canescent; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate_, acute, sharply serrate, often glabrous above; spikes rather slender, _canescently pubescent_.--Roadsides, etc., Penn.--Var. ALOPECUROIDES, Baker. Leaves larger, more nearly sessile, broadly oval and obtuse, often subcordate, coarsely serrate, more veiny, but not rugose; approaching the next.--Penn. and N. J.

M. ROTUNDIFOLIA, L. _Soft-hairy_ or downy; _leaves_ broadly elliptical to _round-ovate_ and somewhat heart-shaped, _rugose_, crenate-toothed; spikes slender, _not canescent_.--Atlantic States, at a few stations, Maine to Tex.

M. VIRIDIS, L. (SPEARMINT.) _Nearly smooth; leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate_, unequally serrate; bracts linear-lanceolate and subulate, conspicuous.--Wet places; in all cultivated districts.

[*][*] _Flowers pedicellate, less crowded, in interrupted leafless spikes, or some in the upper axils; leaves petioled._

M. PIPERITA, L. (PEPPERMINT.) _Glabrous_ (somewhat hairy in var. SUBHIRSUTA), very pungent-tasted; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate; _spikes narrow, loose_.--Along brooks, escaped everywhere.

M. AQUATICA, L. (WATER MINT.) _Pubescent_ or smoothish; leaves ovate or round-ovate; flowers in a terminal _globular or interrupted and oblong head_, often with one or more clusters in the axils of the upper leaves; calyx and usually the pedicels hairy. The common form has the stems _hairy downward_.--Wet places, N. Eng. to Del.; rare.--Var. CRISPA, Benth., is a glabrous or glabrate form, with lacerate-dentate and crisped leaves.--Ditches, N. J., etc.

[*][*][*] _Flowers in globular whorls or clusters, all in the axils of the leaves, the uppermost axils not flower-bearing; leaves more, or less petioled, toothed._

M. SATIVA, L. (WHORLED MINT.) _Stem hairy downward_; leaves ovate, sharply serrate; calyx oblong-cylindrical with _very slender teeth_.--Waste damp places, Mass. to Penn.; not common. Passes into the next.

M. ARVENSIS, L. (CORN MINT.) Lower and smaller-leaved than the last; leaves obtusely serrate; _calyx bell-shaped, the teeth short_ and broader.--Moist fields, N. Eng., etc.; rare.

1. M. Canadensis, L. (WILD MINT.) _Leaves_ varying from ovate-oblong to lanceolate, _tapering to both ends_; calyx oblong-bell-shaped, the teeth rather short; hairs on the stem not conspicuously reflexed. The commoner form is more or less hairy, and has nearly the odor of Pennyroyal.--Wet places, through the northern U. States across the continent, and northward.

Var. glabrata, Benth. Leaves and stems almost glabrous, the former sometimes very short-petioled; scent sweeter, as of Monarda.--Similar range.

8. LYCOPUS, Tourn. WATER HOREHOUND.

Calyx bell-shaped, 4--5-toothed, naked in the throat. Corolla bell-shaped, scarcely longer than the calyx, nearly equally 4-lobed. Stamens 2, distant; the upper pair either sterile rudiments or wanting. Nutlets with thickened margins.--Perennial low herbs, glabrous or puberulent, resembling Mints, with sharply toothed or pinnatifid leaves, the floral ones similar and much longer than the dense axillary whorls of small mostly white flowers; in summer. (Name compounded of [Greek: ly/kos], _a wolf_, and [Greek: pou~s], _foot_, from some fancied likeness in the leaves.)

[*] _Stoloniferous, the long filiform runners often tuberiferous; leaves only serrate._

[+] _Calyx-teeth usually 4, barely acutish, shorter than the mature nutlets._

1. L. Virginicus, L. (BUGLE-WEED.) Stem obtusely 4-angled (6'--2 deg. high); leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, toothed, entire toward the base, acuminate at both ends, short-petioled; calyx-teeth ovate.--Shady moist places, Lab. to Fla., Mo., and northwestward across the continent.