Part 52

Calyx 4- (rarely 3--5-) parted. Corolla wheel-shaped or salver-shaped, the border 4-parted (rarely 5-parted); the lateral lobes or the lower one commonly narrower than the others. Stamens 2, one each side of the upper lobe of the corolla, exserted; anther-cells confluent at the apex. Style entire; stigma single. Capsule flattened, obtuse or notched at the apex, 2-celled, few--many-seeded.--Chiefly herbs; leaves mostly opposite or whorled; flowers blue, flesh-color, or white. (Derivation doubtful; perhaps the flower of _St. Veronica_.)

Sec. 1. LEPTANDRA. _Tall perennials, with mostly whorled leaves; racemes terminal, dense, spiked; bracts very small; tube of the corolla longer than its limb and much longer than the calyx; both sometimes 5-cleft._

1. V. Virginica, L. (CULVER'S-ROOT. CULVER'S PHYSIC.) Smooth or rather downy; stem simple, straight (2--6 deg. high); leaves whorled in fours to sevens, short-petioled, lanceolate, pointed, finely serrate; spikes panicled; corolla small, nearly white; stamens much exserted; capsule oblong-ovate, not notched, opening by 4 teeth at the apex, many-seeded.--Rich woods, Vt. to Minn., E. Kan., and southward. July, Aug.

Sec. 2. VERONICA proper. _Corolla wheel-shaped; capsule more or less notched, strongly flattened except in n. 2 and 3; low herbs._

[*] _Perennials, stoloniferous or rooting at base, with opposite usually serrate leaves; racemes axillary, mostly opposite; corolla pale blue._

[+] _Capsule turgid, orbicular, many-seeded._

2. V. Anagallis, L. (WATER SPEEDWELL.) Smooth, creeping and rooting at base, then erect; _leaves sessile, most of them clasping by a heart-shaped base, ovate-lanceolate_, acute, serrate or entire (2--3' long); pedicels spreading; corolla pale blue with purple stripes; capsule slightly notched.--Brooks and ditches, N. Eng. to N. J., west to the Rocky Mts. June--Aug. (Eu., Asia.)

3. V. Americana, Schweinitz. (AMERICAN BROOKLIME.) Smooth, decumbent at base, then erect (8--15' high); _leaves mostly petioled, ovate or oblong_, serrate, thickish, truncate or slightly heart-shaped at base; the slender pedicels spreading.--Brooks and ditches, common. June--Aug.

[+][+] _Capsule strongly flattened, several-seeded._

4. V. scutellata, L. (MARSH SPEEDWELL.) _Smooth_, slender and weak (6--12' high); _leaves sessile, linear, acute, remotely denticulate; racemes 1 or 2, very slender_ and zigzag; _flowers few and scattered_, on elongated spreading or reflexed pedicels; capsule very flat, much broader than long, notched at both ends or didymous.--Bogs, common. June--Aug. (Eu., Asia.)

5. V. officinalis, L. (COMMON SPEEDWELL.) _Pubescent_; stem _prostrate_, rooting at base; _leaves short-petioled, obovate-elliptical or wedge-oblong, obtuse, serrate; racemes densely many-flowered_; pedicels shorter than the calyx; capsule obovate-triangular, broadly notched.--Dry hills and open woods, N. Eng. to Mich., and southward. July. (Eu., Asia.)

V. CHAMAEDRYS, L. Stem _pubescent_, at least in two lines, ascending from a creeping base; _leaves subsessile, ovate or cordate, incisely crenate; racemes loosely-flowered_; pedicels little longer than calyx; capsule triangular-obcordate.--Sparingly introduced into Canada, N. Y., and Penn. (Adv. from Eu.)

[*][*] _Leaves opposite; flowers in a terminal raceme; the lower bracts leaf-like; capsules flat, several-seeded. Perennials (mostly turning blackish in drying)._

6. V. alpina, L. Stem branched from the base, erect, simple (2--12' high); _leaves elliptical_, or the lowest rounded, entire or toothed, _nearly sessile; raceme hairy, few-flowered, crowded_; capsule obovate, notched.--Alpine summits of the White Mts. (Eu., Asia.)

7. V. serpyllifolia, L. (THYME-LEAVED SPEEDWELL.) Much branched at the creeping base, _nearly smooth_; branches ascending and simple (2--4' high); leaves _ovate or oblong_, obscurely crenate, _the lowest petioled_ and rounded, the upper passing into lanceolate bracts; _raceme loose_; corolla whitish, or pale blue, with deeper stripes; capsule rounded, broader than long, obtusely notched.--Roadsides and fields, common; introduced and indigenous. May--July (Eu., Asia.)

[*][*][*] _Annuals; floral leaves like those of the stem (or somewhat reduced), the flowers appearing to be axillary and solitary, mostly alternate; corolla shorter than the calyx._

[+] _Flowers short-pedicelled; floral leaves reduced; corolla shorter than the calyx._

8. V. peregrina, L. (NECKWEED. PURSLANE SPEEDWELL.) Glandular-puberulent or _nearly smooth_, erect (4--9' high), branched; _lowest leaves petioled, oval-oblong, toothed_, thickish, the others sessile, obtuse; the upper oblong-linear and entire, longer than the almost sessile (whitish) flowers; _capsule orbicular, slightly notched_, many-seeded.--Waste and cultivated grounds, in damp soil; throughout U. S., and almost cosmopolite. April--June.

V. ARVENSIS, L. (CORN SPEEDWELL.) Simple or diffusely branched (3--8' high), _hairy; lower leaves petioled, ovate, crenate_; the uppermost sessile, lanceolate, entire; _capsule inversely heart-shaped_, the lobes rounded.--Cultivated grounds, Atlantic States to Tex., rather rare. (Nat. from Eu.)

[+][+] _Flowers long-pedicelled in axils of ordinary leaves; seeds cup-shaped._

V. AGRESTIS, L. (FIELD SPEEDWELL.) _Leaves_ round or ovate, crenate-toothed, the floral somewhat similar; calyx-lobes oblong; flower small; _ovary many-ovuled_, but the _nearly orbicular and sharply notched capsule_ 1--2 seeded.--Sandy fields, N. Brunswick to La., near the coast. (Adv. from Eu.)

V. BUXBAUMII, Tenore. _Leaves_ round or heart-ovate, crenately cut-toothed ({2/3}--1' long); flower large (nearly 1/2' wide, blue); calyx-lobes lanceolate, widely spreading in fruit; _capsule obcordate-triangular, broadly notched_, 16--24-seeded.--Waste grounds, rare in Atlantic States. (Adv. from Eu.)

V. HEDERAEFOLIA, L. (IVY-LEAVED SPEEDWELL.) _Leaves_ rounded or heart-shaped, _3--7-toothed or lobed_; calyx-lobes somewhat heart-shaped; flowers small; _capsule turgid, 2-lobed, 2--4-seeded_.--Shaded places, N. J., Penn., etc. April--June. (Adv. from Eu.)

17. BUCHNERA, L. BLUE-HEARTS.

Calyx tubular, obscurely nerved, 5-toothed. Corolla salver-form, with a straight or curved tube and an almost equally 5-cleft limb, the lobes oblong or wedge-obovate, flat. Stamens 4, included, approximate in pairs; anthers one-celled (the other cell wanting). Style club-shaped and entire. Capsule 2-valved, many-seeded.--Perennial rough-hairy herbs (doubtless root-parasitic), turning blackish in drying, with opposite leaves, or the uppermost alternate; the flowers opposite in a terminal spike, bracted and with 2 bractlets. (Named in honor of _I. G. Buchner_, an early German botanist.)

1. B. Americana, L. Rough-hairy; stem wand-like (1--2 deg. high); lower leaves obovate-oblong, the others ovate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, sparingly and coarsely toothed, veiny; spike interrupted; calyx longer than the bracts, one third the length of the deep-purple corolla (1' long).--Moist sandy ground, western N. Y. to Minn., and southward. June--Aug.

18. SEYMERIA, Pursh.

Calyx bell-shaped, deeply 5-cleft. Corolla with a short and broad tube, not longer than the 5 ovate or oblong nearly equal and spreading lobes. Stamens 4, somewhat equal; anthers approximate by pairs, oblong, 2-celled; the cells equal and pointless. Capsule many-seeded.--Erect branching herbs, with the general aspect and character of Gerardia, leaves mostly opposite and dissected or pinnatifid, the uppermost alternate and bract-like. Flowers yellow, interruptedly racemed or spiked. (Named for _Henry Seymer_, an English naturalist.)

1. S. macrophylla, Nutt. (MULLEIN-FOXGLOVE.) Rather pubescent (4--5 deg. high); leaves large, the lower pinnately divided, with the broadly lanceolate divisions pinnatifid and incised, the upper lanceolate; tube of the corolla incurved, very woolly inside, as are the filaments except at the apex; style short, dilated and notched at the point; capsule ovate, pointed.--Shady river-banks, Ohio to Iowa, south to Tex. July.

19. GERARDIA, L.

Calyx bell-shaped, 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate-funnel-form, or somewhat tubular, swelling above, with 5 more or less unequal spreading lobes, the 2 upper usually rather smaller and more united. Stamens 4, strongly didynamous, included, hairy; anthers approaching by pairs, 2-celled, the cells parallel, often pointed at base. Style elongated, mostly enlarged and flattened at the apex. Capsule globular or ovate, pointed, many-seeded.--Erect branching herbs (more or less root-parasitic); stem-leaves opposite, or the upper alternate, the uppermost reduced to bracts and subtending 1 flowered peduncles, which often form a raceme or spike. Flowers showy, purple or yellow; in late summer and autumn. (Dedicated to the celebrated herbalist, _John Gerarde_.)

Sec. 1. DASYSTOMA. _Corolla yellow, the tube woolly inside, as well as the anthers and filaments; anthers alike, awn-pointed at base; leaves rather large, more or less incised or pinnatifid._

[*] _Pubescence partly glandular and viscid; corolla pubescent outside._

1. G. pedicularia, L. Annual or biennial, smoothish or pubescent, much branched (2--3 deg. high), very leafy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, and the lobes cut and toothed; pedicels longer than the hairy mostly serrate calyx-lobes.--Dry copses; N. Eng. to Minn., south to Fla. and Ark.

[*][*] _No glandular pubescence; corolla glabrous outside; perennial._

2. G. grandiflora, Benth. _Minutely downy_; stem much branched (2--4 deg. high); _leaves ovate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed or cut, the lower pinnatifid_; pedicels rather shorter than the calyx; corolla (2' long) 4 times the length of the broadly lanceolate entire or toothed calyx-lobes.--Oak openings, Wisc. and Minn. to Tenn. and Tex.

3. G. flava, L. (DOWNY FALSE FOXGLOVE.) _Pubescent with a fine close down_; stem (3--4 deg. high) mostly simple; _leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, entire, or the lower usually sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid; pedicels very short_; calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, rather shorter than the tube, corolla 11/2' long.--Open woods, N. Eng. to Wisc. and Iowa, south to Ga. and Ark.

4. G. quercifolia, Pursh. (SMOOTH FALSE FOXGLOVE.) _Smooth and glaucous_ (3--6 deg. high), usually branching; lower _leaves commonly twice-pinnatifid; the upper oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid or entire; pedicels nearly as long as the calyx_; calyx-lobes lance-linear, acute, as long as the at length inflated tube; corolla 2' long.--Dry woods, N. Eng. to Minn., south to Fla. and Ill.

5. G. laevigata, Raf. _Smooth, not glaucous_; stem (1--2 deg. high) mostly simple; _leaves lanceolate, acute, entire_, or the lowest obscurely toothed; _pedicels shorter than the calyx-tube_; corolla 1' long. (G. integrifolia, _Gray_.)--Oak-barrens, etc., Penn. to Mich, and Ill., south in the mountains to Ga.

Sec. 2. OTOPHYLLA. _Corolla purple (rarely white), naked within, as well as the very unequal filaments; anthers dissimilar, pointless, glabrous or sparingly hairy._

6. G. auriculata, Michx. Rough-hairy; stem erect, nearly simple (9--20' high); _leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate_, sessile, _the lower entire_, the others with an oblong-lanceolate lobe on each side at the base; _flowers nearly sessile in the axils_ (1' long).--Low grounds and prairies, W. Penn. to Minn., south to N. C. and Mo.

7. G. densiflora, Benth. More hispid and rough, very leafy; _leaves rigid, pinnately parted into 3--7 narrowly linear acute divisions_, those subtending the _densely spicate flowers_ similar and crowded; corolla over 1' long.--Prairies, E. Kan. to Tex.

Sec. 3. GERARDIA proper. _Corolla purple or rose-color (rarely white); calyx-teeth short; anthers alike, nearly pointless, pubescent; cauline leaves linear or narrower, entire._

[*] _Perennnial; leaves erect, very narrow; pedicels erect, as long as floral leaves._

8. G. linifolia, Nutt. Glabrous, 2--3 deg. high, sparingly or paniculately branched; leaves flat, thickish, 1'' wide; calyx-teeth minute; corolla 1' long, minutely pubescent outside, villous within and lobes ciliate; anthers and filaments very villous.--Low pine barrens, Del. to Fla.

[*][*] _Annuals; herbage blackish in drying_ (except n. 13).

[+] _Pedicels little if at all longer than the calyx and capsule._

9. G. aspera, Dougl. Sparingly branched (1--2 deg. high); leaves long and linear, rough; _pedicels (most of them alternate) equalling or moderately exceeding the calyx_, which has _triangular-lanceolate acute lobes about half as long as the tube_; corolla over 1' long.--Plains and prairies, Mich, and W. Ind. to Dak. and W. Ark.

10. G. purpurea, L. (PURPLE GERARDIA.) Stem (1--2 deg. high) with long and rigid widely spreading branches; _leaves linear, acute, rough-margined_; flowers large (1' long), bright purple, often downy; _pedicels shorter than the calyx, mainly opposite; calyx-teeth sharp-pointed_, from very short to about half as long as the tube.--Low grounds, mainly near the coast and in the region of the Great Lakes. Very variable.--Var. PAUPERCULA, Gray. Smoother, more simple; corolla usually only 1/2' long, lighter rose-purple.--N. Eng. to Penn., N. Ill., Minn., and northward.

11. G. maritima, Raf. (SEA-SIDE G.) Low (4--12' high), with shorter branches; _leaves and short broad calyx-teeth rather fleshy and obtuse_; pedicels about as long as the calyx; corolla 1/2' long.--Salt marshes along the coast.

[+][+] _Pedicels usually exceeding the corolla; woolly anthers cuspidate at base._

12. G. tenuifolia, Vahl. (SLENDER G.) _Leaves narrowly linear_, acute, the floral ones mostly like the others; _calyx-teeth very short, acute; capsule globular, not exceeding the calyx_; corolla about 1/2' long.--Low or dry ground, common.--Var. MACROPHYLLA, Benth. Stouter; larger leaves 11/2--2' long and almost 2'' wide, scabrous; pedicels ascending; calyx-teeth larger; corolla little over 1/2' long. W. Iowa to W. La. and Col.--Var. ASPERULA, Gray. Leaves all nearly filiform and upper face hispidulous scabrous; inflorescence more paniculate; corolla small, the expanded limb only 6'' in diameter. Dry bare hills, Mich, and N. Ind. to Minn. and Mo.

13. G. Skinneriana, Wood. _Leaves bristle-shaped_, as are the branchlets, or the lower linear; _capsule ovate, mostly longer than the calyx_, which has short setaceous teeth; corolla 4--6'' long. (G. setacea, _Gray_, Man., not of _Walt._)--Sandy low ground, Mass. to Minn., south to Fla. and La.

20. CASTILLEIA, Mutis. PAINTED-CUP.

Calyx tubular, flattened, cleft at the summit on the anterior, and usually on the posterior side also; the divisions entire or 2-lobed. Tube of the corolla included in the calyx; its upper lip (_galea_) long and narrow, arched and keeled, flattened laterally, enclosing the 4 unequal stamens; lower lip short, 3-lobed. Anther cells oblong-linear, unequal, the outer fixed by the middle, the inner pendulous. Capsule many-seeded.--Herbs (root-parasitic), with alternate entire or cut-lobed leaves; the floral ones usually dilated, colored, and more showy than the yellow or purplish spiked flowers. (Dedicated to _Castillejo_, a Spanish botanist.)

1. C. coccinea, Spreng. (SCARLET PAINTED-CUP.) Hairy biennial or annual; stem simple; root-leaves clustered, mostly entire, obovate or oblong; those of the stem incised; the floral 3--5-cleft, bright scarlet toward the summit (rarely yellow); calyx about the length of the pale yellow corolla, _equally cleft both sides, the lobes quadrate-oblong, entire or retuse_.--Low sandy ground, Maine to Minn., south to N. J., Tenn., and Tex.

2. C. pallida, Kunth, var. septentrionalis, Gray. Perennial, smooth or sparingly hairy, at the summit woolly; _leaves mainly entire_, the lower linear, upper broader; the floral oblong or obovate, greenish-white, varying to yellowish, purple, or red; _calyx equally cleft, the lobes oblong or lanceolate, 2-cleft_; corolla 1/2--1' long, the _galea decidedly shorter than the tube_, not over 2 or 3 times as long as the lip.--Alpine summits of N. Eng., N. shore of L. Superior, west and northward.

3. C. sessiliflora, Pursh. Perennial, 6--8' high, very leafy, cinereous-pubescent; leaves mostly 3--5-cleft, with narrow diverging sometimes cleft lobes; the floral similar or broader, _not at all colored; calyx deeper cleft in front_, the narrow lobes deeply 2-cleft; corolla 2' long, _the short galea but twice as long as the slender-lobed lip_.--Prairies, Wisc. and Ill. to Dak. and Tex.

21. ORTHOCARPUS, Nutt.

Corolla with the upper lip (_galea_) little longer and usually much narrower than the inflated 1--3-saccate lower one. Otherwise nearly as Castilleia. (Name from [Greek: o)rtho/s], _upright_, and [Greek: karpo/s], _fruit_.)

1. O. luteus, Nutt. Annual, pubescent and hirsute, sometimes viscid, erect, 1 deg. high; leaves linear to lanceolate, occasionally 3-cleft; spike dense; bracts broader, mostly 3-cleft, about equalling the flowers, not colored; corolla golden-yellow, not 6'' long, 2--3 times as long as the calyx.--Plains, N. Minn. to Col., and westward.

22. SCHWALBEA, Gronov. CHAFF-SEED.

Calyx oblique, tubular, 10--12-ribbed, 5-toothed; the posterior tooth much the smaller, the 2 anterior united higher than the others. Upper lip of the corolla arched, oblong, entire; the lower little shorter, erect, 2-plaited, with 3 very short and broad obtuse lobes. Stamens 4, included in the upper lip; anther-cells equal and parallel. Capsule ovate, many-seeded. Seeds linear, with a loose chaff-like coat.--A perennial minutely pubescent upright herb (1--2 deg. high), with leafy simple stems, terminated by a loose spike of rather large dull purplish-yellow flowers; leaves alternate, sessile, 3-nerved, entire, ovate or oblong, the upper gradually reduced to narrow bracts; pedicels very short, with 2 bractlets under the calyx. (Dedicated to _C. G. Schwalbe_, an obscure German botanist.)

1. S. Americana, L.--Wet sandy soil, Mass. to La., near the coast. May--July.

23. EUPHRASIA, Tourn. EYEBRIGHT.

Calyx tubular or bell-shaped, 4-cleft. Upper lip of the corolla erect, scarcely arched, 2-lobed, and the sides folded back; lower lip spreading, 3-cleft, the lobes obtuse or notched. Stamens 4, under the upper lip; anther-cells equal, pointed at the base. Capsule oblong, flattened. Seeds numerous.--Herbs, with branching stems, and opposite toothed or cut leaves. Flowers, small, spiked. (Name [Greek: eu)thrasi/a], _cheerfulness_, in allusion to its reputed medicinal properties.)

1. E. officinalis, L. Low annual; leaves ovate or lanceolate, the lowest crenate, the floral bristly-toothed; lobes of the lower lip of the (whitish, yellowish, or bluish) corolla notched.--Coast of Maine and Lower Canada; perhaps introduced from Eu.--Var. TATARICA, Benth., a low form with small flowers (2--3'' long), and mostly rounded leaves.--Alpine region of N. H., shore of L. Superior, and far northward.

24. BARTSIA, L.

Calyx equally 4-cleft. Corolla with upper lip entire and sides not folded back. Otherwise much as Euphrasia.--Herbs, with opposite sessile leaves, and subsessile flowers, in the upper axils and in a terminal leafy spike.

B. ODONTITES, Huds. A span or two high from an annual root, branching, scabrous-pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coarsely and remotely serrate; spikes elongated, loosely-flowered; corolla small, rose-red.--Coast of Maine and N. Scotia. (Nat. from Eu.)

25. RHINANTHUS, L. YELLOW-RATTLE.

Calyx membranaceous, flattened, much inflated in fruit, 4-toothed. Upper lip of corolla arched, ovate, obtuse, flattened, entire at the summit, but with a minute tooth on each side below the apex; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, under the upper lip; anthers approximate, hairy, transverse; the cells equal, pointless. Capsule orbicular, flattened. Seeds many, orbicular, winged.--Annual upright herbs, with opposite leaves; the yellow flowers crowded in a one-sided leafy-bracted spike. (Name composed of [Greek: r(i/n], _a snout_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _a flower_, from the beaked upper lip in some species formerly of this genus.)

1. R. Crista-galli, L. Leaves narrowly oblong to lanceolate, coarsely serrate, the floral bracts more incised with bristle-tipped teeth; corolla 6'' long; seeds broadly winged (when ripe they rattle in the inflated calyx, whence the popular name.)--Coast of N. Eng. and alpine region of N. H., to L. Superior, and northward. (Eu., Asia.)

26. PEDICULARIS, Tourn. LOUSEWORT.

Calyx various. Corolla strongly 2-lipped; the upper lip arched, flattened, often beaked at the apex; the lower erect at base, 2-crested above, 3-lobed; lobes commonly spreading, the lateral ones rounded and larger. Stamens 4, under the upper lip; anthers transverse; the cells equal, pointless. Capsule ovate or lanceolate, mostly oblique, several seeded.--Perennial herbs, with chiefly pinnatifid leaves, the floral bract-like, and rather large flowers in a spike. (Name from _pediculus_, a louse; of no obvious application.)

1. P. Canadensis, L. (COMMON LOUSEWORT. WOOD BETONY.)

Hairy; stems simple, clustered (5--12' high); _leaves scattered, the lowest pinnately parted, the others half-pinnatifid_; spike short and dense; _calyx split in front, otherwise almost entire_, oblique; _upper lip of the_ (dull greenish-yellow and purplish) _corolla hooded, incurved_, 2-toothed under the apex; capsule _flat, somewhat sword-shaped_.--Copses and banks, common. May--July.

2. P. lanceolata, Michx. Stem upright (1--3 deg. high), nearly simple, mostly smooth; _leaves partly opposite, oblong-lanceolate, doubly cut-toothed_; spike crowded; _calyx 2-lobed_, leafy-crested; _upper lip of the_ (pale yellow) _corolla incurved_ and bearing a short truncate beak at the apex, the lower erect, so as nearly to close the throat; _capsule ovate, scarcely longer than the calyx_.--Swamps, Conn. to Va., Ohio, and Minn.

3. P. Furbishiae, Watson. Tall (2--3 deg. high) pubescent or glabrate; leaves lanceolate, _pinnately parted and the short oblong divisions pinnatifid-incised_, or the upper simply pinnatifid and the lobes serrate; bracts ovate, laciniate-dentate; _calyx-lobes_ 5, rather unequal, linear-lanceolate, entire or toothed; _upper lip of corolla straight_ and beakless, the truncate apex bicuspidate, the lower erect, truncately 3-lobed; _capsule broadly ovate_.--Banks of the St. John's, Aroostook Co., Maine (_Miss Kate Furbish_), and adjacent N. Brunswick.

27. MELAMPYRUM, Tourn. COW-WHEAT.

Calyx bell-shaped, 4-cleft; the taper lobes sharp-pointed. Tube of corolla cylindrical, enlarging above; upper lip arched, compressed, straight in front; the lower erect-spreading, biconvex, 3-lobed at the apex. Stamens 4, under the upper lip; anthers approximate, oblong, nearly vertical, hairy; the equal cells minutely pointed at base. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell. Capsule flattened, oblique, 1--4-seeded.--Erect branching annuals, with opposite leaves, the lower entire, the upper mostly toothed at base. Flowers solitary in the upper axils. (Name from [Greek: me/las], _black_, and [Greek: pyro/s], _wheat_; from the color of the seeds of some species as they appear mixed with grain.)

1. M. Americanum, Michx. Leaves lanceolate, short-petioled, the floral ones like the lower, or truncate at base and beset with a few bristly teeth; calyx-teeth linear-awl-shaped, not half the length of the slender tube of the pale greenish-yellow corolla (5'' long).--Open woods; common, from the Atlantic to Minn. and Iowa, especially eastward. June--Sept.

ORDER 76. OROBANCHACEAE. (BROOM-RAPE FAMILY.)