Part 50

[+][+] _Flowers in panicled often compound cymes; styles slender, mostly longer than the ovary; corolla withering on the summit of the large capsule._

3. C. tenuiflora, Engelm. Stems coarse and yellow, usually rather high-climbing; flowers (1'' long or less) on short thick pedicels, often 4-merous; lobes of calyx and corolla oblong, obtuse, the latter mostly shorter than the slender deeply campanulate tube; scales shorter than the tube, fringed.--On tall herbs and shrubs in wet places, Penn. to Minn., and south to Tex.

[*][*] _Calyx gamosepalous; ovary and capsule pointed, the latter enveloped or capped by the marcescent corolla; flowers in loose panicled cymes._

[+] _Acute tips of the corolla-lobes inflexed._

4. C. decora, Engelm. Stems coarse; flowers fleshy and more or less papillose; calyx-lobes triangular, acute; those of the broadly campanulate corolla ovate-lanceolate, minutely crenulate, _spreading; scales large, deeply fringed; capsule enveloped by remains of corolla_. (C. indecora, _Choisy_.)--Var. PULCHERRIMA, Engelm. The larger form, with coarser stems, and conspicuous flowers 11/2--21/2'' long and wide; anthers and stigmas yellow or deep purple.--Wet prairies, on herbs and low shrubs (principally Leguminosae and Compositae), from Ill. to Fla. and Tex., and westward.

5. C. inflexa, Engelm. Similar to the preceding; flowers of the same structure, but _smaller_ (only 1'' long), generally 4-merous; corolla deeper, _with erect lobes, finally capping the capsule; scales reduced to a few teeth_.--Open woods and dry prairies, on shrubs (hazels, etc.) or coarse herbs, southern N. Eng. to Neb. and Ark.

[+][+] _Corolla-lobes obtuse, spreading._

6. C. Gronovii, Willd. Stems coarse, often climbing high; corolla-lobes mostly shorter than the deeply campanulate tube; scales copiously fringed; _capsule globose, umbonate_.--Wet shady places, Canada to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex. The commonest of our species. Flowers very variable in size and compactness of clusters.--Var. LATIFLORA, Engelm., is a form with flowers of more delicate texture, and shorter tube and longer lobes to the corolla. Common northward.

7. C. rostrata, Shuttleworth. Similar to the preceding; flowers larger (2--3'' long), more delicate and whiter; lobes of corolla and calyx shorter than its tube; slender styles longer; _ovary bottle-shaped; capsule long-pointed_.--Shady valleys in the Alleghanies, from Md. and Va., southward; on tall herbs, rarely shrubs.

[*][*][*] _Sepals 5, distinct, surrounded by 2 or more similar bracts; styles capillary; scales large, deeply fringed; capsule capped by the marcescent corolla._

8. C. cuspidata, Engelm. Stems slender; flowers (11/2--21/4'' long) thin, _on bracteolate pedicels in loose panicles_; the ovate-orbicular bracts and sepals and the oblong corolla-lobes cuspidate or mucronate, rarely obtuse, shorter than the cylindrical tube; styles many times longer than the ovary, at length exserted.--Wet or dry prairies, on Ambrosia, Iva, some Leguminosae, etc., Neb. to Tex., occasionally down the Missouri as far as St. Louis.

9. C. compacta, Juss. Stems coarse; _flowers closely sessile in densely compact clusters; bracts (3--5) and sepals orbicular, concave, slightly crenate, appressed_, nearly equalling or much shorter than the cylindrical tube of the corolla; stamens shorter than the oblong obtuse spreading lobes of the latter.--Along the west side of the Alleghanies from Ont. to Ala., west to Mo. and Tex. In damp woods, almost always on shrubs.

10. C. glomerata, Choisy. Flowers _very densely clustered_, forming knotty masses closely encircling the stem of the foster plant, much imbricated with scarious oblong _bracts, their tips recurved-spreading; sepals nearly similar_, shorter than the oblong-cylindrical tube of the corolla; stamens nearly as long as the oblong-lanceolate obtuse spreading or reflexed corolla-lobes; style several times longer than the ovary.--Wet prairies, Ohio to Minn., Kan., and Tex., mostly on tall Compositae. The rope-like twists (1/2--3/4' thick), of white flowers with golden yellow anthers imbedded in a mass of curly bracts, have a singular appearance.

ORDER 74. SOLANACEAE. (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY.)

_Herbs (or rarely shrubs), with colorless juice and alternate leaves, regular 5-merous and 5-androus flowers, on bractless pedicels; the corolla imbricate or valvate in the bud, and mostly plaited; the fruit a 2-celled (rarely 3--5-celled) many-seeded capsule or berry._--Seeds campylotropous or amphitropous. Embryo mostly slender and curved in fleshy albumen. Calyx usually persistent. Stamens mostly equal, inserted on the corolla. Style and stigma single. Placentae in the axis, often projecting far into the cells. (Foliage rank-scented, and with the fruits mostly narcotic, often very poisonous, while some are edible.)--A large family in the tropics, but very few indigenous in our district. It shades off into Scrophulariaceae, from which the plaited regular corolla and 5 equal stamens generally distinguish it.

[*] Corolla wheel-shaped, 5-parted or 5-lobed; the lobes valvate and their margins usually turned inward in the bud. Anthers connivent. Fruit a berry.

1. Solanum. Anthers opening by pores or chinks at the tip.

[*][*] Corolla various, not wheel-shaped, nor valvate in the bud. Anthers separate.

[+] Fruit a berry, closely invested by an herbaceous (not angled) calyx.

2. Chamaesaracha. Corolla plicate, 5-angulate. Pedicels solitary, recurved in fruit.

[+][+] Fruit a berry, enclosed in the bladdery-inflated calyx. Corolla widely expanding.

3. Physalis. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla 5-lobed or nearly entire. Berry juicy, 2-celled.

4. Nicandra. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla nearly entire. Berry dry, 3--5-celled.

[+][+][+] Fruit a berry with the unaltered calyx persistent at its base.

5. Lycium. Corolla funnel-form or tubular, not plaited. Berry small, 2-celled.

[+][+][+][+] Fruit a capsule.

6. Hyoscyamus. Calyx urn-shaped, enclosing the smooth 2-celled capsule, which opens by the top falling off as a lid. Corolla and stamens somewhat irregular.

7. Datura. Calyx prismatic, 5-toothed. Capsule prickly, naked, more or less 4-celled, 4-valved. Corolla funnel-form.

8. Nicotiana. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, 5-cleft. Capsule enclosed in the calyx, 2-celled.

1. SOLANUM, Tourn. NIGHTSHADE.

Calyx and wheel-shaped corolla 5-parted or 5-cleft (rarely 4--10-parted), the latter plaited in the bud, and valvate or induplicate. Stamens exserted; filaments very short; anthers converging around the style, opening at the tip by two pores or chinks. Berry usually 2-celled.--Herbs, or shrubs in warm climates, the larger leaves often accompanied by a smaller lateral (rameal) one; the peduncles also mostly lateral and extra-axillary.--A vast genus, chiefly in warmer regions, including the POTATO (S. TUBEROSUM) and the EGG-PLANT (S. MELONGENA); while the TOMATO (LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM) is closely related. (Name of unknown derivation.)

[*] _Not prickly; anthers blunt; flowers and globose naked berries small._

[+] _Perennial, climbing or twining._

S. DULCAMARA, L. (BITTERSWEET.) More or less pubescent; leaves ovate-heart-shaped, the upper halberd-shaped, or with two ear-like lobes or leaflets at base; flowers (purple or blue) in small cymes; berries oval, red.--Moist banks and around dwellings. June--Sept. (Nat. from Eu.)

[+][+] _Simple-leaved annuals._

1. S. triflorum, Nutt. Low, spreading, slightly hairy or nearly glabrous; _leaves oblong, pinnatifid_ (7--9-lobed) with rounded sinuses; peduncles 1--3-flowered; corolla white; _berries green_, as large as a small cherry.--Central Kan., and westward; chiefly a weed near dwellings.

2. S. nigrum, L. (COMMON NIGHTSHADE.) Low, much branched and often spreading, nearly glabrous, rough on the angles; _leaves ovate, wavy-toothed_; _flowers_ white, _in small umbel-like lateral clusters_, drooping; _calyx spreading_; filaments hairy; _berries_ globular, _black_.--Shaded grounds and fields; common, appearing as if introduced, but a cosmopolite. July--Sept.

Var. VILLOSUM, Mill. Low, somewhat viscid-pubescent or villous; leaves small, conspicuously angular-dentate; filaments glabrous; berries yellow.--Established near Philadelphia, from ballast. (Adv. from Eu.)

S. GRACILE, Link. Cinereous-pubescent or puberulent, rather tall (2--3 deg. high), with virgate spreading branches; leaves _ovate and ovate-lanceolate, nearly entire_; corolla white or bluish; _calyx somewhat appressed to the black berry_.--Coast of N. C., and about ballast near Philadelphia. (Adv. from S. Am.)

[*][*] _More or less prickly; anthers tapering upward; pubescence stellate._

[+] _Perennial; fruit naked; anthers equal; corolla violet, rarely white._

3. S. Carolinense, L. (HORSE-NETTLE.) _Hirsute or roughish-pubescent with 4--8-rayed hairs; prickles stout, yellowish_, copious (rarely scanty); _leaves oblong_ or ovate, obtusely sinuate-toothed or lobed or sinuate-pinnatifid, racemes simple, soon lateral; _calyx-lobes acuminate; berries about 6'' broad_.--Sandy soil and waste grounds, Conn. to Iowa, south to Fla. and Tex.

4. S. elaeagnifolium, Cav. _Silvery-canescent with_ dense scurf-like pubescence of _many-rayed hairs; prickles small, slender_, more or less copious or wanting; _leaves lanceolate_ to oblong and linear, sinuate-repand or entire; _calyx-lobes slender_; berry _seldom 6'' in diameter_.--Prairies and plains. E. Kan. to Tex., and westward.

5. S. Torreyi, Gray. _Cinereous with a somewhat close pubescence of_ about _equally 9--12-rayed hairs; prickles small and stout_, scanty or nearly wanting; _leaves ovate_ with truncate or slightly cordate base, sinuately 5--7-lobed (4--6' long); _calyx-lobes short-ovate, abruptly long-acuminate_; berry 1' _in diameter_.--Prairies, etc., E. Kan. and Tex.

[+][+] _Annual; fruit closely covered; lowest anther much the longest, corolla yellow._

6. S. rostratum, Dunal. Very prickly, somewhat hoary or yellowish with a copious wholly stellate pubescence (1--2 deg. high); leaves 1--2-pinnatifid; calyx densely prickly; stamens and style much declined.--Plains of Neb. to Tex.; spreading eastward to Ill. and Tenn.

2. CHAMAESARACHA, Gray.

Calyx herbaceous, closely investing the globose berry (or most of it), obscurely if at all veiny. Corolla rotate, 5-angulate, plicate in the bud. Filaments filiform; anthers separate, oblong.--Perennials, with mostly narrow entire or pinnatifid leaves tapering into margined petioles, and filiform naked pedicels solitary in the axils, refracted or recurved in fruit. (_Saracha_ is a tropical American genus dedicated to _Isidore Saracha_, a Spanish Benedictine; the prefix [Greek: chamai/], _on the ground_.)

1. C. sordida, Gray. Much branched from root or base, somewhat cinereous with short viscid pubescence; leaves obovate-spatulate or cuneate-oblong to oblanceolate, repand to incisely pinnatifid; calyx when young villous-viscid; corolla pale yellow or violet-purple (6'' broad); berry as large as a pea.--Dry or clayey soil, central and W. Kan. to Tex. and Arizona.

3. PHYSALIS, L. GROUND CHERRY.

Calyx 5-cleft, reticulated and enlarging after flowering, at length much inflated and enclosing the 2-celled globular (edible) berry. Corolla between wheel-shaped and funnel-form, the very short tube marked with 5 concave spots at the base; the plaited border somewhat 5-lobed or barely 5--10-toothed. Stamens 5, erect; anthers separate, opening lengthwise.--Herbs (in this country), with the leaves often unequally in pairs, and the 1-flowered nodding peduncles extra-axillary; flowering through the summer. (Name [Greek: physali/s], _a bladder_, from the inflated calyx.)

[*] _Corolla large, white or tinged with blue, without dark centre, with almost entire border; pubescence simple._

1. P. grandiflora, Hook. Clammy-pubescent, erect; leaves lance-ovate, pointed, entire or nearly so; corolla 1--2' wide when expanded, and with a woolly ring in the throat; fruiting calyx globular, apparently nearly filled by the berry.--S. shore of L. Superior to Sask.; Providence Island, L. Champlain (_Perkins_).

[*][*] _Corolla lurid greenish-white or yellow, mostly with dark centre, 3--10'' broad._

[+] _Annuals, glabrous or pubescence minute; anthers violet._

2. P. Philadelphica, Lam. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, oblique at base, entire, repand, or very sparingly angulate-toothed; _corolla brownish- or violet-spotted in the centre, 7--10'' broad_; calyx at maturity globose and completely filled by the large reddish or purple berry and open at the mouth.--In fertile soil, Penn. to Minn. and Tex.

3. P. angulata, L. Much branched; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, sharply and irregularly _laciniate-toothed_; peduncles filiform; _corolla unspotted, very small_ (3--6'' broad when expanded); fruiting calyx conical-ovate with a truncate or sunken base, 10-angled, loosely inflated, at length well filled by the greenish-yellow berry.--Open rich grounds, Penn. to Minn., and southward.

[+][+] _Strong-scented, villous or pubescent with viscid or glandular simple hairs; fruiting calyx ovate-pyramidal, carinately 5-angled, closed, loosely enveloping the green or yellow berry; leaves ovate or cordate._

4. P. pubescens, L. _Annual_, diffusely much branched or at length decumbent; leaves angulate- or repand-toothed or nearly entire; _corolla_ spotted with brown purple in the centre, 5--6'' _broad_ when expanded, obscurely 5--10-toothed; _anthers violet_.--Low grounds, N. Y. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex., and westward.--A very doubtful form, found at Independence, Kan. (_B. F. Bush_), has the small corolla (2'' broad) yellow, without a brown centre, the anthers yellow, the fruiting calyx smaller, and the berry viscid.

5. P. Virginiana, Mill. _Perennial_, diffusely much branched and widely spreading, or at first erect; leaves sometimes oblong, repand or obtusely toothed, rarely entire; _corolla 9--12'' broad_, 5-angled or 5--10-toothed; _anthers yellow_. (P. viscosa, _Gray_, Man., not _L._)--Light or sandy soils, Ont. and Minn. to Fla. and Tex.--Var. AMBIGUA, Gray, is a coarse and very villous form with violet anthers. Wisc., and westward.

[+][+][+] _Perennials, mostly low, not viscid; pubescence stellate or simple or nearly none; anthers almost always yellow._

6. P. viscosa, L. _Cinereous or when young almost canescent with short stellate or 2--3-forked pubescence_; stems ascending or spreading from _slender creeping subterranean shoots; leaves ovate or oval_, varying to oblong and obovate, entire or undulate; corolla greenish-yellow, with a more or less dark eye; _fruiting calyx globose-ovate; berry yellow or orange_.--In sands on and near the coast, Va. to N. C. and Fla.

7. P. lanceolata, Michx. _More or less hirsute-pubescent with short stiff mostly simple hairs_, varying to nearly glabrous; stems from rather _stout subterranean shoots_, angled, somewhat rigid; _leaves oblong-ovate to narrowly lanceolate_, sparingly angulate-toothed to undulate or entire; corolla ochroleucous, with a more or less dark eye; _calyx commonly hirsute, in fruit pyramidal-ovate_ (1--11/2' long); _berry reddish_. (P. Pennsylvanica, _Gray_, Man., in part; not _L._)--Dry open ground, Penn. to Ill., Minn., and south and westward.

Var. laevigata, Gray. Glabrous or almost so throughout, or with some very short hairs on young parts.--Neb. to Tex., and westward.

Var. hirta, Gray. A remarkable ambiguous form, with much of the hirsute-pubescence of the leaves 2--3-forked, as also are some of the abundant villous-hispid hairs of the stem.--Wet woods, Tex. to Mo., and E. Kan.

4. NICANDRA, Adans. APPLE OF PERU.

Calyx 5-parted, 5-angled, the divisions rather arrow-shaped, enlarged and bladder-like in fruit, enclosing the 3--5-celled globular dry berry. Corolla with border nearly entire. Otherwise much like Physalis.--An annual smooth herb (2--3 deg. high), with ovate sinuate-toothed or angled leaves, and solitary pale blue flowers on axillary and terminal peduncles. (Named after the poet _Nicander_ of Colophon.)

N. PHYSALOIDES, Gaertn.--Waste grounds, near dwellings and old gardens. (Adv. from Peru.)

5. LYCIUM, L. MATRIMONY-VINE.

Calyx 3--5-toothed or -cleft, not enlarging, persistent at the base of the berry. Corolla funnel-form or salver-shaped, 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated and not plaited in the bud. Stamens 5; anthers opening lengthwise. Style slender; stigma capitate. Berry small, 2-celled. Shrubby, often spiny plants, with alternate and entire small leaves, and mostly axillary small flowers. (Named from the country, _Lycia_.)

L. VULGARE, Dunal. (COMMON M.) Shrub with long sarmentose recurved-drooping branches, smooth, sparingly if at all spiny; leaves oblong- or spatulate-lanceolate, often fascicled, narrowed into a short petiole; flowers on slender peduncles fascicled in the axils; corolla short funnel-form, greenish-purple; style and slender filaments equalling its lobes; berry oval, orange-red.--About dwellings, and escaped into waste grounds in Penn., etc. (Adv. from Eu.)

6. HYOSCYAMUS, Tourn. HENBANE.

Calyx bell-shaped or urn-shaped, 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-form, oblique, with a 5-lobed more or less unequal plaited border. Stamens declined. Capsule enclosed in the persistent calyx, 2-celled, opening transversely all round near the apex, which falls off like a lid.--Clammy-pubescent, fetid, narcotic herbs, with lurid flowers in the axils of angled or toothed leaves. (Name composed of [Greek: y(/s], [Greek: y(o/s], _a hog_, and [Greek: ky/amos], _a bean_; said to be poisonous to swine.)

H. NIGER, L. (BLACK HENBANE.) Biennial or annual; leaves clasping, sinuate-toothed and angled; flowers sessile, in one-sided leafy spikes; corolla dull yellowish, strongly reticulated with purple veins.--Escaped from gardens to roadsides. (Adv. from Eu.)

7. DATURA, L. JAMESTOWN-WEED. THORN-APPLE.

Calyx prismatic, 5-toothed, separating transversely above the base in fruit, the upper part falling away. Corolla funnel-form, with a large and spreading 5--10-toothed plaited border. Stigma 2-lipped. Capsule globular, prickly, 4-valved, 2-celled, with 2 thick placentae; projected from the axis into the middle of the cells, and connected with the walls by an imperfect false partition, so that the capsule is 4-celled except near the top, the placentae as if on the middle of these false partitions. Seeds rather large, flat.--Rank weeds, narcotic-poisonous, with ovate leaves, and large showy flowers on short peduncles in the forks of the branching stem; produced all summer and autumn. (Altered from the Arabic name, _Tatorah_.)

D. STRAMONIUM, L. (COMMON STRAMONIUM or THORN APPLE.) Annual, glabrous; leaves ovate, sinuate-toothed or angled; _stem green; corolla white_ (3' long), the border with 5 teeth; lower prickles of the capsule mostly shorter.--Waste grounds; a well-known ill-scented weed. (Adv. from Asia?)

D. TATULA, L. (PURPLE T.) Mostly taller; _stem purple; corolla pale violet-purple_; prickles of the capsule nearly equal.--Waste grounds, in the Atlantic States. (Adv. from trop. Amer.)

8. NICOTIANA, Tourn. TOBACCO.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-form or salver-form, usually with a long tube; the plaited border 5-lobed. Stigma capitate. Capsule 2-celled, 2--4-valved from the apex. Seeds minute.--Rank acrid-narcotic herbs, mostly clammy-pubescent, with ample entire leaves, and racemed or panicled flowers. (Named after _John Nicot_, who was thought to have introduced Tobacco (N. TABACUM, L.) into Europe.)

N. RUSTICA, L. (WILD TOBACCO.) Annual; leaves ovate, petioled; tube of the dull greenish-yellow corolla cylindrical, two thirds longer than the calyx, the lobes rounded.--Old fields, from N. Y. westward and southward; a relic of cultivation by the Indians. (Of unknown nativity.)

ORDER 75. SCROPHULARIACEAE. (FIGWORT FAMILY.)

_Chiefly herbs (rarely trees), with didynamous stamens (or perfect stamens often only 2, rarely 5) inserted on the tube of the 2-lipped or more or less irregular corolla, the lobes of which are imbricated in the bud; fruit a 2-celled and usually many-seeded capsule, with the placentae; in the axis; seeds anatropous, or amphitropous, with a small embryo in copious albumen._--Style single; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Leaves and inflorescence various; but the flowers not terminal in any genuine representatives of the order.--A large order of bitterish plants, some of them narcotic-poisonous.

I. ANTIRRHINIDEAE. Upper lip or lobes of the corolla covering the lower in the bud (with occasional exceptions in Mimulas, etc.) Capsule usually septicidal.

Tribe I. VERBASCEAE. Corolla rotate. Flowers racemose. Leaves alternate.

1. Verbascum. Stamens 5, all with anthers, and 3 or all with bearded filaments.

Tribe II. ANTIRRHINEAE. Corolla tubular, with a spur or sac at the base below, the throat usually with a palate. Capsule opening by chinks or holes. Flowers in simple racemes or axillary. Lower leaves usually opposite or whorled. Stamens 4.

2. Linaria. Corolla spurred at base; the palate seldom closing the throat.

3. Antirrhinum. Corolla merely saccate at base; the palate closing the throat.

Tribe III. CHELONEAE. Corolla tubular, or 2-lipped, not spurred nor saccate below. Capsule 2--4-valved. Leaves opposite. Inflorescence usually compound, of small axillary spiked or racemed or umbel-like clusters or cymes, or when reduced to a single flower the peduncle mostly 2-bracteate. Stamens 4, and usually a rudiment of the fifth.

4. Scrophularia. Corolla inflated, globular or oblong, with four erect lobes and one spreading one. Rudiment of the sterile stamen a scale on the upper lip.

5. Collinsia. Corolla 2-cleft, the short tube saccate on the upper side; the middle lobe of the lower lip sac-like and enclosing the declined stamens.

6. Chelone. Corolla tubular inflated above. Sterile stamen shorter than the others. Anthers very woolly. Seeds winged.

7. Pentstemon. Corolla tubular. Sterile stamen about as long as the rest. Seeds wingless.

Tribe IV. GRATIOLEAE. Corolla tubular, not saccate nor spurred. Capsule 2-valved. Flowers solitary in the axils of bracts or leaves, peduncles naked (or 2-bracteolate in n. 12). Leaves all or the lower ones opposite. No trace of a fifth stamen.

[*] Stamens 4, all anther-bearing and similar.

8. Mimulus. Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, 5-toothed. Corolla elongated.

9. Conobea. Calyx 5-parted, the divisions equal. Corolla short.

10. Herpestis. Calyx 5-parted, unequal, the upper division largest. Corolla short.

11. Limosella. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla open bell-shaped, 5-cleft, nearly regular. Leaves alternate or fascicled, fleshy. Dwarf aquatic or marsh plant.

[*][*] Anther-bearing stamens 2; usually also a pair of sterile filaments.

12. Gratiola. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens included; the sterile pair short or none.

13. Ilysanthes. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens included; the sterile filaments protruded.

14. Micranthemum. Flowers minute. Calyx 4-toothed or cleft. Upper lip of corolla short or none. Filaments with an appendage; sterile pair none. Dwarf aquatic.

II. RHINANTHIDEAE. Under lip or the lateral lobes of the corolla covering the upper in the bud. Capsule commonly loculicidal.

Tribe V. DIGITALEAE. Corolla wheel-shaped, salver-shaped, or bell-shaped. Stamens 2 or 4, not approaching in pairs nor strongly didynamous; anthers 2-celled.

15. Synthyris. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla bell-shaped, 2--4-lobed, irregular. Stamens 2 or 4. Leaves alternate. Flowers racemed.

16. Veronica. Calyx 4-(rarely 3--5-) parted. Corolla wheel-shaped or salver-shaped, almost regular. Stamens 2. Leaves chiefly opposite or whorled. Flowers racemed.

Tribe VI. GERARDIEAE. Corolla with a spreading and slightly unequal 5-lobed limb. Stamens 4, approximate in pairs. Leaves opposite, or the uppermost alternate.

[*] Corolla salver-shaped. Anthers 1-celled. Flowers in a spike.

17. Buchnera. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Limb of the elongated corolla 5-cleft.