Part 5

Tribe III. HELLEBOREAE. Sepals imbricated in the bud, rarely persistent, petal-like. Petals often nectariferous or reduced to staminodia or none. Pods (follicles) or berries (in n. 20, 21) few, rarely single, few--many-seeded.--Leaves alternate.

[*] Ovules and commonly seeds more than one pair. Herbs.

[+] Flowers regular, not racemose. Petals inconspicuous nectaries or slender or none. Sepals tardily deciduous.

10. Isopyrum. Petals none. Sepals broad, white. Pods few. Leaves compound.

11. Caltha. Petals none. Sepals broad, yellow. Leaves kidney-shaped, undivided.

12. Trollius. Petals 5--20, narrow, pitted above the base. Pods sessile. Leaves palmately lobed.

13. Coptis. Petals 5--6, small, hollowed at apex, white. Pods long-stalked. Leaves radical, trifoliolate.

14. Helleborus. Petals small, tubular, 2-lipped. Sepals 5, broad, persistent and turning green. Pods sessile.

15. Eranthis. Petals small 2-lipped nectaries. Sepals 5--8, narrow, deciduous. Flower solitary, involucrate.

[+][+] Sepals and large spur-shaped petals regular, each 5.

16. Aquilegia. Pistils 5, with slender styles. Leaves ternately compound.

[+][+][+] Flowers unsymmetrical and irregular. Sepals 5.

17. Delphinium. Upper sepal spurred. Petals 4, of two forms; the upper pair with long spurs, enclosed in the spur of the calyx.

18. Aconitum. Upper sepal hooded, covering the two long-clawed small petals.

[+][+][+][+] Flowers regular, racemose. Sepals caducous. Petals very small, stamen-like, or none. Leaves decompound.

19. Cimicifuga. Flowers in long often paniculate racemes. Pistils 1--8, becoming many-seeded pods.

20. Actaea. Flowers in a single short raceme. Pistil single, forming a many-seeded berry.

[*][*] Ovules a single pair. Flowers regular. Roots yellow and bitter.

21. Hydrastis. Flowers solitary. Sepals 3, petal-like, caducous. Petals none. Stamens numerous. Pistils several, becoming 2-seeded berries. Leaves simple, lobed.

22. Xanthorrhiza. Flowers in compound racemes. Sepals 5. Petals 5, small, 2-lobed, with claws. Stamens 5--10. Pods 1-seeded. Shrub with pinnate leaves.

1. CLEMATIS, L. VIRGIN'S-BOWER.

Sepals 4, or rarely more, colored, the valvate margins turned inward in the bud. Petals none or small. Achenes numerous in a head, bearing the persistent styles as naked, hairy, or plumose tails.--Perennial herbs or vines, mostly a little woody, and climbing by the bending or clasping of the leaf-stalks, rarely low and erect. Leaves opposite. ([Greek: Klemati/s], a name of Dioscorides for a climbing plant with long and lithe branches.)

Sec. 1. FLAMMULA. _Flowers cymose-paniculate, rather small, in our species dioecious. Sepals petaloid, whitish, spreading, thin. Petals none. Anthers short, blunt._

1. C. Virginiana, L. (COMMON VIRGIN'S-BOWER.) Smooth; leaves bearing 3 ovate acute leaflets, which are cut or lobed, and somewhat heart-shaped at the base; tails of the fruit plumose.--River-banks, etc., common; climbing over shrubs. July, August.

2. C. ligusticifolia, Nutt. Very similar, but the leaves 5-foliolate or quinate-ternate.--Long Pine, Neb., and west to the Pacific.

Sec. 2. VIORNA. _Flowers large, solitary on long peduncles, usually nodding. Sepals thick, erect and connivent at base, mostly dull purple. Petals none. Anthers linear._

[+] _Stems climbing; leaves pinnate; calyx (and foliage) glabrous or puberulent._

3. C. Viorna, L. (LEATHER-FLOWER.) Calyx ovate and at length bell-shaped; the purplish _sepals_ (1' long) _very thick and leathery, wholly connivent_ or only the tips recurved; long tails of the _fruit very plumose_; leaflets 3--7, ovate or oblong, sometimes slightly cordate, 2--3-lobed or entire; uppermost leaves often simple.--Rich soil, Penn. to Mo., and southward. May--Aug.

4. C. Pitcheri, Torr. & Gray. Calyx bell-shaped; the dull purplish _sepals with narrow and slightly margined recurved points; tails of the fruit filiform and naked or shortly villous_; leaflets 3--9, ovate or somewhat cordate, entire or 3-lobed, much reticulated; uppermost leaves often simple.--S. Ind. to Kan., and Tex. June.

5. C. crispa, L. Calyx cylindraceous below, the upper half of the bluish-purple _sepals_ (1--2' long) _dilated_ and widely spreading, with _broad and wavy thin margins; tails of the fruit silky_ or glabrate; leaflets 5--9, thin, varying from ovate or cordate to lanceolate, entire or 3--5-parted. (C. cylindrica, _Sims._)--Va. near Norfolk, and southward. May--Aug.

[+][+] _Low and erect, mostly simple; flowers solitary, terminal; leaves sessile or nearly so, undivided, strongly reticulated._

6. C. ochroleuca, Ait. Leaves ovate, entire or sometimes 3-lobed, silky beneath; peduncles long; tails of the fruit very plumose.--Copses, Long Island to Penn. and Ga.; rare. May.

7. C. Fremonti, Watson. Leaves crowded, thick, often coarsely toothed, sparingly villous-tomentose; peduncles very short; tails villous or glabrate, not plumose.--Mo. and Kan.

Sec. 3. ATRAGENE. _Some of the outer filaments enlarged and more or less petaloid; peduncles bearing single large flowers; the thin sepals widely spreading._

8. C. verticillaris, DC. Woody-stemmed climber, almost glabrous; leaves trifoliolate, with slender common and partial petioles; leaflets ovate or slightly heart-shaped, pointed, entire, or sparingly toothed or lobed; flower bluish-purple, 2--3' across; tails of the fruit plumose.--Rocky places in mountainous districts, Maine and W. New Eng. to Va., Minn., and northwestward; rare. May.--A pair of leaves with a peduncle between them, developed in spring from each of the opposite buds, gives the appearance of a whorl, whence the specific name.

2. ANEMONE, Tourn. ANEMONE. WIND-FLOWER.

Sepals few or many, petal-like. Petals none, or in n. 1 resembling abortive stamens. Achenes pointed or tailed, flattened, not ribbed. Seed suspended.--Perennial herbs with radical leaves; those of the stem 2 or 3 together, opposite or whorled, and forming an involucre remote from the flower; peduncles 1-flowered, solitary or umbellate. (The ancient Greek and Latin name, from [Greek: a)nemo/o], to be shaken by the wind.)

Sec. 1. PULSATILLA. _Carpels numerous in a head, with long hairy styles which in fruit form feathery tails, as in_ Clematis; _flower large, usually with some minute or indistinct gland-like abortive stamens answering to petals._

1. A. patens, L., var. Nuttalliana, Gray. (PASQUE-FLOWER.) Villous with long silky hairs; peduncle solitary; flower erect, developed before the leaves, which are ternately divided, the lateral divisions 2-parted, the middle one stalked and 3-parted, the segments deeply once or twice cleft into narrowly linear and acute lobes; lobes of the sessile involucre like those of the leaves, at the base all united into a shallow cup; sepals 5--7, purplish or whitish (1--11/2' long), spreading when in full anthesis.--Prairies, Ill. and Mo., thence northward and westward. March--April.--A span high. Tail of carpels 2' long. (Eu. Siberia.)

Sec. 2. ANEMONE proper. _Styles short, not plumose. Staminodia none._

[*] _Achenes densely long-woolly, compressed; involucre far below the flower._

[+] _Stem single, from a small tuber; sepals 10--20; style filiform._

2. A. Caroliniana, Walt. Stem 3--6' high; root-leaves once or twice 3-parted or cleft; involucre 3-parted, its wedge-shaped divisions 3-cleft; sepals 10--20, oblong-linear, purple or whitish; head of fruit oblong.--Ill. to Neb. and southward. May.

[+][+] _Stems several; sepals 5--8; style filiform._

3. A. parviflora, Michx. Stem 3--12' high from a slender rootstock, 1-flowered; root-leaves 3-parted, their broadly wedge-shaped divisions crenate-incised or lobed; involucre 2--3-leaved; sepals 5 or 6, oval, white; head of fruit globular.--Lake Superior, northward and westward. May, June.

4. A. multifida, DC. Stems from a branching caudex, silky-hairy (6--12' high); principal involucre 2--3-leaved, bearing one naked and one or two 2-leaved peduncles; leaves of the involucre short-petioled, similar to the root-leaves, twice or thrice 3-parted and cleft, their divisions linear; sepals obtuse, red, sometimes greenish-yellow or whitish; head of fruit spherical or oval.--Rocks, etc., N. E. Maine to Lake Superior, north and westward; rare. June.

[+][+][+] _Taller, commonly branching above or producing two or more peduncles; involucral leaves long-petioled; sepals 5--8, silky or downy beneath (4--6'' long), oval or oblong; style subulate._

5. A. cylindrica, Gray. (LONG-FRUITED A.) Slender (2 deg. high), silky-pubescent; flowers 2--6, on very long upright _naked peduncles_; involucral leaves twice or thrice as many as the peduncles, 3-divided; their divisions _wedge-lanceolate_, the lateral 2-parted, the middle 3-cleft; lobes cut and toothed at the apex; _sepals 5, rather obtuse_, greenish-white; _head of fruit cylindrical_ (1' long).--Dry woods, N. Eng. to Mo., and northwestward. May.--Peduncles 7--12' long, all from the same involucre and naked throughout, or one involucellate in the middle.

6. A. Virginiana, L. More loosely pubescent or glabrate; involucral leaves 3, 3-parted; their _divisions ovate-lanceolate_, pointed, cut-serrate, the lateral 2-parted, the middle 3-cleft; peduncles elongated, the earliest naked, the others with a 2-leaved involucel at the middle, repeatedly proliferous; _sepals 5_, _acute_, greenish (in one variety white and obtuse); _head of fruit oval or oblong_.--Woods and meadows; common. June--August.--Plant 2--3 deg. high; the upright peduncles 6--12' long.

[*][*] _Achenes naked, orbicular, compressed, wing-margined; sepals 5, obovate; involucre sessile._

7. A. Pennsylvanica, L. Hairy, rather low; primary involucre 3-leaved, bearing a naked peduncle, and soon a pair of branches or peduncles with a 2-leaved involucre at the middle, which branch similarly in turn; their leaves broadly wedge-shaped, 3-cleft, cut and toothed; radical leaves 5--7-parted or cleft; sepals white (6--9'' long); head of fruit spherical.--W. New Eng. to Penn., Ill., and northwestward. June--Aug.

[*][*][*] _Achenes rather few, nearly naked, ovate-oblong; stems slender, 1-flowered; leaves radical._

8. A. nemorosa, L. (WIND-FLOWER. WOOD A.) Low, smoothish; stem perfectly simple, from a filiform rootstock; _involucre of 3 long-petioled trifoliolate_ leaves, their leaflets wedge-shaped or oblong, and toothed or cut, or the lateral ones (var. QUINQUEFOLIA) 2-parted; a similar radical leaf in sterile plants solitary from the rootstock; peduncle not longer than the involucre; sepals 4--7, oval, white, sometimes blue, or tinged with purple outside; carpels only 15--20, oblong, with a hooked beak.--Margin of woods. April, May.--A delicate vernal species; the flower 1' broad. (Eu.)

9. A. nudicaulis, Gray. Glabrous, rootstock filiform; radical leaves reniform, 3-parted, the divisions broadly cuneate with rounded crenate-incised or -lobed summit; involucre of a single similar petiolate leaf or wanting; achenes glabrous, tipped with a slender-subulate hooked style.--North shore of Lake Superior near Sand Bay, Minn., in bogs. (_Joseph C. Jones._) Imperfectly known.

3. HEPATICA, Dill. LIVER-LEAF. HEPATICA.

Involucre simple and 3-leaved, very close to the flower, so as to resemble a calyx; otherwise as in Anemone.--Leaves all radical, heart-shaped and 3-lobed, thickish and persistent through the winter, the new ones appearing later than the flowers, which are single, on hairy scapes. (Name from a fancied resemblance to the liver in the shape of the leaves.)

1. H. triloba, Chaix. Leaves with 3 ovate obtuse or rounded lobes; those of the involucre also obtuse; sepals 6--12, blue, purplish, or nearly white; achenes several, in a small loose head, ovate-oblong, pointed, hairy.--Woods; common from the Atlantic to Mo., Minn., and northward, flowering soon after the snow leaves the ground in spring. (Eu.)

2. H. acutiloba, DC. Leaves with 3 ovate and pointed lobes, or sometimes 5-lobed; those of the involucre acute or acutish.--Passes into the other and has the same range.

4. ANEMONELLA, Spach.

Involucre compound, at the base of an umbel of flowers. Sepals 5--10, white and conspicuous. Petals none. Achenes 4--15, ovoid, terete, strongly 8--10-ribbed, sessile. Stigma terminal, broad and depressed.--Low glabrous perennial; leaves all radical, compound.

1. A. thalictroides, Spach. (RUE-ANEMONE.) Stem and slender petiole of radical leaf (a span high) rising from a cluster of thickened tuberous roots; leaves 2--3-ternately compound; leaflets roundish, somewhat 3-lobed at the end, cordate at the base, long-petiolulate, those of the 2--3-leaved 1--2-ternate involucre similar; flowers several in an umbel; sepals oval (1/2' long, rarely pinkish), not early deciduous. (Thalictrum anemonoides, _Michx._)--Woods, common, flowering in early spring with Anemone nemorosa, and considerably resembling it. Rarely the sepals are 3-lobed like the leaflets.

5. THALICTRUM, Tourn. MEADOW-RUE.

Sepals 4--5, petal-like or greenish, usually caducous. Petals none. Achenes 4--15, grooved or ribbed, or else inflated. Stigma unilateral. Seed suspended.--Perennials, with alternate 2--3-ternately compound leaves, the divisions and the leaflets stalked; petioles dilated at base. Flowers in corymbs or panicles, often polygamous or dioecious. (Derivation obscure.)

[*] _Flowers dioecious or sometimes polygamous, in ample panicles; filaments slender; stigmas elongated, linear or subulate; achenes sessile or short-stipitate, ovoid, pointed, strongly several-angled and grooved._

1. T. dioicum, L. (EARLY MEADOW-RUE.) Smooth and pale or glaucous, 1--2 deg. high; leaves (2--3) all with general petioles; leaflets drooping, rounded and 3--7-lobed; flowers purplish and greenish, dioecious; the yellowish anthers linear, mucronate, drooping on fine capillary filaments.--Rocky woods, etc.; common. April, May.

2. T. polygamum, Muhl. (TALL M.) Smooth, not glandular, 4--8 deg. high; stem-leaves sessile; leaflets rather firm, roundish to oblong, commonly with mucronate lobes or tips, sometimes puberulent beneath; panicles very compound; flowers white, the fertile ones with some stamens; anthers not drooping, small, oblong, blunt, the mostly white filaments decidedly thickened upwards. (T. Cornuti, _Man._, not _L._)--Wet meadows and along rivulets, N. Eng. to Ohio and southward; common. July--Sept.

3. T. purpurascens, L. (PURPLISH M.) Stem (2--4 deg. high) usually purplish; stem-leaves sessile or nearly so; leaflets more veiny and reticulated beneath, with or without gland-tipped or glandless hairs or waxy atoms; panicles compound; flowers (sepals, filaments, etc.) greenish and purplish, dioecious; anthers linear or oblong-linear, mucronulate, drooping on capillary filaments occasionally broadened at the summit.--Dry uplands and rocky hills, S. New Eng. to Minn., and southward. May, June.

[*][*] _Flowers all perfect, corymbed; the filaments strongly club-shaped or inflated under the small and short anther; stigma short; achenes gibbous, long-stipitate._

4. T. clavatum, DC. Size and appearance of n. 1; leaves only twice ternate; flowers white, fewer; achenes 5--10, flat, somewhat crescent-shaped, tapering into the slender stipe.--Mountains of Va. and southward. June.

6. TRAUTVETTERIA, Fisch. & Mey. FALSE BUGBANE.

Sepals 3--5, usually 4, concave, petal-like, very caducous. Petals none. Achenes numerous, capitate, membranaceous, compressed-4-angled and inflated. Seed erect.--A perennial herb, with alternate palmately-lobed leaves, and corymbose white flowers. (For _Prof. Trautvetter_, a Russian botanist.)

1. T. palmata, Fisch. & Mey. Stems 2--3 deg. high; root-leaves large, 5--11-lobed, the lobes toothed and cut.--Moist ground along streamlets, Md. to S. Ind., and south to Ga.

7. ADONIS, Dill.

Sepals and petals (5--16) flat, unappendaged, deciduous. Achenes numerous, in a head, rugose-reticulated. Seed suspended.--Herbs with finely dissected alternate leaves and showy flowers. ([Greek: A)/donis], a favorite of Venus, after his death changed into a flower.)

A. AUTUMNALIS, L. A low leafy annual, with scarlet or crimson flowers, darker in the centre.--Sparingly naturalized from Europe.

8. MYOSURUS, Dill. MOUSE-TAIL.

Sepals 5, spurred at the base. Petals 5, small and narrow, raised on a slender claw, at the summit of which is a nectariferous hollow. Stamens 5--20. Achenes numerous, somewhat 3-sided, crowded on a very long and slender spike-like receptacle (whence the name, from [Greek: my~s], _a mouse_, and [Greek: ou)ra/], _a tail_), the seed suspended.--Little annuals, with tufted narrowly linear-spatulate root-leaves, and naked 1-flowered scapes. Flowers small, greenish.

1. M. minimus, L. Fruiting spike 1--2' long; achenes quadrate, blunt.--Alluvial ground, Ill. and Ky., thence south and west. (Eu.)

9. RANUNCULUS, Tourn. CROWFOOT. BUTTERCUP.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, flat, with a little pit or scale at the base inside. Achenes numerous, in a head, mostly flattened, pointed; the seed erect.--Annuals or perennials; stem-leaves alternate. Flowers solitary or somewhat corymbed, yellow, rarely white. (Sepals and petals rarely only 3, the latter often more than 5. Stamens occasionally few.)--(A Latin name for a little frog; applied by Pliny to these plants, the aquatic species growing where frogs abound.)

R. FICARIA, L. (representing the Sec. _Ficaria_), which has tuberous-thickened roots, Caltha-like leaves, and scape-like peduncles bearing a 3-sepalous and 8--9-petalous yellow flower, has been found as an escape from gardens about New York and Philadelphia.

Sec. 1. BATRACHIUM. _Petals with a spot or naked pit at base, white, or only the claw yellow; achenes marginless, transversely wrinkled; aquatic or subaquatic perennials, with the immersed foliage repeatedly dissected (mostly by threes) into capillary divisions; peduncles 1-flowered, opposite the leaves._

[*] _Receptacle hairy._

1. R. circinatus, Sibth. (STIFF WATER-CROWFOOT.) _Leaves_ all under water and _sessile_, with broad conspicuous stipules, the divisions and subdivisions short, spreading in one roundish plane, _rigid, not collapsing when withdrawn from the water_. (R. divaricatus, _Man._, not _Schrank_.)--Ponds and slow streams, Maine and Vt., to Iowa, north and westward, much rarer than the next. June--Aug. (Eu.)

2. R. aquatilis, L., var. trichophyllus, Gray. (COMMON WHITE WATER-CROWFOOT.) _Leaves_ all under water and mostly _petioled_, their capillary divisions and subdivisions _rather long and soft, usually collapsing more or less when withdrawn from the water_; petiole rather narrowly dilated.--Common, especially in slow-flowing waters, the eastern form with more soft and flaccid leaves. June--Aug. (Eu.)

Var. caespitosus, DC. A dwarf terrestrial form, rooting at the nodes, the small leaves somewhat fleshy, with broader rigid divisions.--S. Ill. (_Schneck_), and westward.

[*][*] _Receptacle glabrous; no submersed leaves._

R. HEDERACEUS, L. Rooting freely in shallow water; leaves all reniform, angulate-lobed.--Fresh-water marshes at Norfolk, Va. (Nat. from Eu.)

Sec. 2. HALODES. _Petals yellow, with nectariferous pit and scale; carpels thin-walled, striate, in an oblong head; scapose, spreading by runners._

3. R. Cymbalaria, Pursh. (SEA-SIDE CROWFOOT.) Glabrous; scapes 1--6' high, 1--7-flowered; leaves clustered at the root and on the joints of the long rooting runners, roundish-heart-shaped or kidney-shaped, crenate, rather fleshy, long-petioled; petals 5--8.--Sandy shores, from New Jersey northward, and along the Great Lakes to Ill., Kan. and westward; also at salt springs. June--Aug.

Sec. 3. RANUNCULUS proper. _Petals with a little scale at the base, yellow; achenes nerveless._

[*] _Achenes smooth; mostly perennial._

[+] _Aquatic; immersed leaves filiformly dissected, as in_ Sec. Batrachium.

4. R. multifidus, Pursh. (YELLOW WATER-CROWFOOT.) Stems floating or immersed, with the leaves all repeatedly 3-forked into long filiform divisions, or sometimes creeping in the mud (perennial by rooting from the nodes, if at all); emersed leaves with shorter and linear or wedge-shaped divisions, or else kidney-shaped and sparingly lobed or toothed; petals 5--8, deep bright yellow, 4--6'' long, much larger than the calyx; carpels in a round head, pointed with a straight beak.--E. New Eng. to S. Penn., Mo., and northward. May--July.--Out of water it is often pubescent, especially in

Var. terrestris, Gray. Stem rooting in the mud or ascending from the base; leaves all smaller, coarsely dissected, round-reniform in outline; flowers and fruit twice or thrice smaller.--N. Ohio to N. Ill., Minn., and westward.

[+][+] _Terrestrial but growinq in very wet places, glabrous or nearly so; leaves entire or barely toothed, all or else all but the lowest lanceolate or linear; carpels forming a globular head._ (SPEARWORT.)

5. R. ambigens, Watson. (WATER PLANTAIN SPEARWORT.) Stems ascending (1--2 deg. high), often rooting from the lower joints; leaves lanceolate or the lowest oblong, mostly denticulate (3--5' long), contracted into a margined half-clasping petiole; petals 5--7, bright yellow, oblong (2--3'' long); _carpels flattened, large_ (1'' long), _pointed with a long narrow-subulate beak_. (R. alismaefolius, _Man._, not _Gey._)--N. Eng. to Ont., Minn. and southward; common, especially at the north. June--Aug.

6. R. Flammula, L. (SMALLER SPEARWORT.) Stem reclining or ascending, rooting below, leaves lanceolate or linear, or the lowest ovate-oblong to lanceolate, entire or nearly so, mostly petioled (1--2' long), petals 5--7, much longer than the calyx, bright yellow, _carpels small, flattish but turgid, mucronate with a short abrupt point_.--Only a small form (var. INTERMEDIUS) met with in this country (shore of L. Ontario, and northward), a span high, with flowers 3--5'' in diameter, passing into

Var. reptans, E. Meyer. (CREEPING S.) Small, slender, the _filiform creeping stems rooting at all the joints_; leaves linear, spatulate, or oblong (1/4--1' long); flowers small.--Gravelly or sandy banks; Newf. to Penn., north and westward. June--Sept. (Eu.)

7. R. oblongifolius, Ell. Usually annual; stem erect or ascending, often pubescent below, slender (1--2 deg. high), _diffusely branched above and many-flowered; leaves serrate or denticulate_, lower long-petioled, ovate or oblong (1/2--11/2' long), uppermost linear; flowers 3--5'' broad; _petals_ 5, bright yellow, 1--3'' long; _carpels_ minute, almost _globular_, the small style deciduous.--Wet prairies, Ill., Mo., and in S. States. June.

8. R. pusillus, Poir. Stem ascending, weak, loosely branching (6--18' long); _leaves entire_ or obscurely denticulate, the lowest round-ovate or heart-shaped (1/2' long), long-petioled, the upper oblong or lanceolate (1--11/2' long); _flowers very small; petals 1--5, yellowish_; stamens 3--10; carpels very turgid, smooth or slightly papillose, tipped with a minute sessile stigma.--Wet places, S. New York, and southward along the coast. June--Aug.

[+][+][+] _Terrestrial, but often in wet places; leaves mostly cleft or divided._

[++] _Root-leaves not divided to the very base; achenes marginless._

9. R. affinis, R. Br. Somewhat hairy or glabrous; low or slender, 1 deg. high or less; leaves pedately cleft, the cauline with linear or narrow oblanceolate divisions; petals light yellow, 3--4'' long or smaller; _heads oblong; achenes turgid_, with small and mostly recurved style, pubescent or glabrous.--And var. VALIDUS, Gray, stouter and with more fleshy leaves, the lower mostly undivided and roundish, cordate, truncate or cuneate at base, coarsely crenate or more or less cleft.--Minn., Iowa, north and westward.