Part 49

3. M. lanceolata, DC. Glabrous or hirsute, pale, 1 deg. high or less, simple or branched, _leaves spatulate-oblong to lanceolate-linear, smaller (1--2' long), nearly veinless, obtuse or acute_; corolla-tube somewhat longer than the lanceolate calyx-lobes; _filaments generally longer than the anthers_.--Dak. to N. Mex. and westward.

[+][+] _Filaments longer and narrower than the anthers; nutlets shining, utricular._

4. M. maritima, Don. (SEA LUNGWORT.) Spreading or decumbent, smooth, glaucous; leaves fleshy, ovate or obovate or spatulate, the upper surface becoming papillose; corolla white, bell-funnel-form (3'' long), twice the length of the calyx.--Sea-coast, on rocks and sand, Cape Cod to Maine and northward; scarce. June--Aug.

6. MYOSOTIS, Dill. SCORPION-GRASS. FORGET-ME-NOT.

Corolla salver-form, the tube about the length of the 5-toothed or 5-cleft calyx, the throat with 5 small and blunt arching appendages opposite the rounded lobes; the latter convolute in the bud! Stamens included, on very short filaments. Nutlets smooth, compressed, fixed at the base; the scar minute.--Low and mostly soft-hairy herbs, with entire leaves, those of the stem sessile, and with small flowers in naked racemes, which are entirely bractless, or occasionally with one or two small leaves next the base, prolonged and straightened in fruit. Flowering through the season. (Name composed of [Greek: my/s], _mouse_, and [Greek: ou~)s], [Greek: o)to/s], _ear_, in allusion to the aspect of the short and soft leaves in some species; one popular name is MOUSE-EAR.)

[*] _Calyx open in fruit, its hairs appressed, none of them hooked or glandular._

M. PALUSTRIS, Withering. (TRUE FORGET-ME-NOT.) Perennial; stems ascending from an oblique creeping base (9--20' high), loosely branched, smoothish; leaves rough-pubescent, oblong-lanceolate or linear-oblong; calyx-lobes much shorter than its tube; limb of corolla 3 or 4 lines broad, sky-blue with a yellow eye.--In wet ground, probably only escaped from cultivation. (Nat. from Eu.)

1. M. laxa, Lehm. Perennial from filiform subterranean shoots; stems very slender, decumbent; pubescence all appressed; leaves lanceolate-oblong or somewhat spatulate; calyx-lobes as long as its tube; limb of corolla 2 or 3'' broad, paler blue. (M. palustris, var. laxa, _Gray_.)--In water and wet ground, Newf. to N. Y. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Calyx closing or the lobes erect in fruit, clothed with spreading hairs, some minutely hooked or gland-tipped; corolla small; annual or biennial._

2. M. arvensis, Hoffm. Hirsute with spreading hairs, erect or ascending (6--15' high); leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish; _racemes naked at the base and stalked_; corolla blue, rarely white; _pedicels spreading in fruit and longer than the 5-cleft equal calyx_.--Fields, etc.; not very common. (Eu.)

3. M. verna, Nutt. Bristly-hirsute, branched from the base, erect (4--12' high); _leaves obtuse_, linear-oblong, or the lower spatulate-oblong; _racemes leafy at the base_; corolla very small, white, with a short limb; _pedicels in fruit erect and appressed_ at the base, usually abruptly bent outward near the apex, _rather shorter than the deeply 5-cleft unequal_ (somewhat 2-lipped) _very hispid calyx_.--Dry ground, rather common. May--July.

M. VERSICOLOR, Pers. More slender than the last, simple at base; racemes loose, mostly naked at base; _flowers almost sessile; corolla pale yellow changing to blue or violet; calyx deeply and equally 5-cleft_.--Fields, Del. (Nat. from Eu.)

7. LITHOSPERMUM, Tourn. GROMWELL. PUCCOON.

Corolla funnel-form, or sometimes salver-shaped; the open throat naked, or with a more or less evident transverse fold or scale-like appendage opposite each lobe; the spreading limb 5-cleft, its lobes rounded. Anthers oblong, almost sessile, included. Nutlets ovate, smooth or roughened, mostly bony or stony, fixed by the base; scar nearly flat.--Herbs, with thickish and commonly red roots and sessile leaves; flowers solitary and as if axillary, or spiked and leafy-bracted, sometimes dimorphous as to insertion of stamens and length of style. (Name formed of [Greek: li/thos], _stone_, and [Greek: spe/rma], _seed_, from the hard nutlets.)

Sec. 1. _Nutlets tubercled or rough-wrinkled and pitted, gray and dull; throat of the (nearly white) corolla destitute of any evident folds or appendages._

L. ARVENSE, L. (CORN GROMWELL.) Minutely rough-hoary, annual or biennial; stems erect (6--12' high); leaves lanceolate or linear, veinless; corolla scarcely longer than the calyx.--Sandy banks and roadsides. May--Aug. (Nat. from Eu.)

Sec. 2. _Nutlets smooth and shining, white like ivory; corolla greenish-white or pale-yellow, small, with 5 distinct pubescent scales in the throat; perennial._

L. OFFICINALE, L. (COMMON GROMWELL.) Much branched above, erect (1--2 deg. high); _leaves thinnish, broadly lanceolate, acute_, with a few distinct veins, rough above, soft-pubescent beneath; _corolla exceeding the calyx_.--Roadsides, N. Eng. to Minn. (Nat. from Eu.)

1. L. latifolium, Michx. Stem loosely branched, erect (2--3 deg. high), rough; _leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate, mostly taper-pointed_ (even the floral ones 2--4' long), _ribbed-veined_, roughish above, finely soft-pubescent beneath, the root leaves large and rounded; _corolla shorter than the calyx_.--Open ground and borders of woods, W. New York to Minn., south to Va. and Ark.

Sec. 3. BATSCHIA. _Nutlets white, smooth and shining; corolla large, salver-form or nearly so, deep orange-yellow, somewhat pubescent, the tube much exceeding the calyx, and the throat appendaged. (Roots perennial, long and deep, yielding a red dye.)_

[*] _Corolla-tube one half to twice longer than the calyx, not much longer than the ample limb, the lobes entire; appendages little if at all projecting._

2. L. hirtum, Lehm. _Hispid_ with bristly hairs (1--2 deg. high); stem-leaves lanceolate or linear, those of the flowering branches ovate-oblong, bristly-ciliate; _corolla woolly-bearded at the base inside_ (limb 8--12'' broad); _flowers distinctly peduncled_, crowded, showy; _fruiting calyx_ (1/2' long) 3--4 times longer than the nutlets.--Pine barrens, etc., N. Y. to Minn., south and westward. April--June.

3. L. canescens, Lehm. (PUCCOON of the Indians.) _Softly hairy_ and more or less _hoary_ (6--15' high); _leaves obtuse_, linear-oblong, or the upper ovate-oblong, more or less _downy beneath_ and roughish with close appressed hairs above; _flowers sessile; corolla naked at the base within; fruiting calyx_ (3'' long) _barely twice the length of the nutlets_.--Plains and open woods, in sandy soil, Ont. to Va., Ala., and westward. May.

[*][*] _Corolla-tube in well-developed flowers 2--4 times the length of the calyx and of its erose-toothed lobes, and the appendages conspicuous and arching; later flowers small, cleistogenous._

4. L. angustifolium, Michx. Erect or diffusely branched from the base, 6--18' high, minutely rough-strigose and hoary; leaves linear; flowers pedicelled, leafy-bracted, of two sorts; the earlier large and showy (corolla-tube 8--18'' long), the later and those of more diffusely branching plants, with inconspicuous or small and pale corollas, without crests, and the pedicels commonly recurved in fruit; nutlets usually punctate. (L. longiflorum, _Spreng._; the long-flowered form.)--Dry and sterile or sandy soil, Ind. and Mich. to Dak. and Tex., and westward.

8. ONOSMODIUM, Michx. FALSE GROMWELL.

Calyx 5-parted; the divisions linear and erect. Corolla tubular, or tubular-funnel-form, not crested (the sinuses minutely hooded-inflexed), the 5 acute lobes converging or barely spreading. Anthers oblong-linear or arrow-shaped, mucronate, inserted in the throat. Style thread-form, much exserted. Nutlets bony, ovoid, smooth, erect, fixed by the base; the scar minute, not hollowed out.--Chiefly perennial herbs, coarse and hispid, with oblong and sessile ribbed-veined leaves, and white, greenish, or yellowish flowers, in at length elongated and erect leafy raceme-like clusters; in summer.--Our species belong to true ONOSMODIUM, with smooth included anthers on very short filaments; the corolla rarely twice the length of the calyx. (Named from the likeness to the genus _Onosma_, which name means _ass-smell_.)

1. O. Virginianum, DC. _Clothed all over with harsh and rigid appressed short bristles_; stems rather slender (1--2 deg. high); _leaves narrowly oblong_, or oblong-lanceolate (1--21/2' long), the lower narrowed at base; _lobes of the narrow corolla lance-awl-shaped_, sparingly bearded outside with long bristles.--Banks and hillsides, N. Eng. to Fla., Mo., and La.

2. O. Carolinianum, DC. _Shaggy all over with long and spreading bristly hairs_; stem stout, upright (2--4 deg. high); _leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate_, acute; lobes of the rather broad corolla _ovate-triangular or triangular-lanceolate, thickly hirsute outside_.--Alluvial grounds, W. New York to Minn., south to Ga. and Tex.

Var. molle, Gray. _Pubescence shorter and less spreading or appressed_, 1--2 deg. high; leaves mostly smaller (2' long), when young softly strigose-canescent beneath. (O. molle, _Michx._)--Ill. to Minn., Tex., and westward.

9. SYMPHYTUM, Tourn. COMFREY.

Corolla oblong-tubular, inflated above, 5-toothed, the short teeth spreading; the throat closed with 5 converging linear-awl-shaped scales. Stamens included; anthers elongated. Style thread-form. Nutlets smooth, ovate, erect, fixed by the large hollowed base, which is finely toothed on its margin.--Coarse perennial herbs, with thickened bitterish mucilaginous roots; the nodding raceme-like clusters either single or in pairs. (Ancient Greek name from [Greek: symphei~n], _to grow together_, probably for its reputed healing virtues.)

S. OFFICINALE, L. (COMMON COMFREY.) Hairy, branched, winged above by the decurrent leaves; the lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering into a petiole, the upper narrower; corolla yellowish-white, rarely purplish.--Moist places; escaped from gardens. June. (Adv. from Eu.)

10. LYCOPSIS, L. BUGLOSS.

Corolla funnel-shaped, with curved tube and slightly unequal limb; the throat closed with 5 convex obtuse bristly scales opposite the lobes. Stamens and style included. Nutlets rough-wrinkled, erect, fixed by a hollowed-out base.--Annuals. (Name from [Greek: ly/kos], _a wolf_, and [Greek: o)/psis], _face_.)

L. ARVENSIS, L. (SMALL BUGLOSS.) Very rough-bristly (1 deg. high); leaves lanceolate; flowers in leafy raceme-like clusters; calyx as long as the tube of the small blue corolla.--Dry or sandy fields, New Eng. to Va.; scarce. (Adv. from Eu.)

11. ECHIUM, Tourn. VIPER'S BUGLOSS.

Corolla with a cylindraceous or funnel-form tube, and a more or less unequal spreading 5-lobed border; lobes rounded, the expanded throat naked. Stamens mostly exserted, unequal. Style thread-form. Nutlets roughened or wrinkled, fixed by a flat base. (A name of Dioscorides, from [Greek: e)/chis], _a viper_.)

E. VULGARE, L. (BLUE-WEED.) Rough-bristly biennial; stem erect (2 deg. high), mostly simple; stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile; flowers showy, in short lateral clusters, disposed in a long and narrow thyrsus; corolla reddish-purple changing to brilliant blue (rarely pale).--Roadsides and meadows of the Middle Atlantic States. June. (Nat. from Eu.)

ORDER 73. CONVOLVULACEAE. (CONVOLVULUS FAMILY.)

_Chiefly twining or trailing herbs, often with some milky juice, with alternate leaves (or scales) and regular 5-androus flowers; a calyx of 5 imbricated sepals, a 5-plaited or 5-lobed corolla convolute or twisted in the bud (imbricate in n. 6); a 2-celled (rarely 3-celled) ovary (or in one tribe 2 separate pistils), with a pair of erect ovules in each cell, the cells sometimes doubled by a false partition between the seeds, so becoming 4-celled; the embryo large, curved or coiled in mucilaginous albumen._--Fruit a globular 2--6-seeded capsule. Flowers mostly showy, on axillary peduncles; pedicels articulated, often 2-bracted. (Many are cultivated for ornament, and one, the Sweet Potato, for its edible farinaceous roots, those of several species are cathartic; e.g. Jalap.)

Tribe I. DICHONDREAE. Carpels 2 or 4, distinct or nearly so; styles 2 basilar. Creeping herbs.

1. Dichondra. Corolla deeply 5-cleft. Pistils 2, one-seeded.

Tribe II. CONVOLVULEAE. Ovary entire. Leafy plants, mostly twiners.

2. Ipomoea. Style undivided, with stigma capitate or 2--3-globose.

3. Convolvulus. Style undivided or 2-cleft only at apex; stigmas 2, linear-filiform to subulate or ovate.

4. Breweria. Style 2-cleft or 2-parted; the divisions simple; stigmas capitate.

5. Evolvulus. Styles 2, each 2-cleft; stigmas linear-filiform. Not twining.

Tribe III. CUSCUTEAE. Ovary entire. Leafless parasitic twining herbs, never green. Embryo filiform, coiled, without cotyledons.

6. Cuscuta. The only genus of the group.

1. DICHONDRA, Forst.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla broadly bell-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens included. Styles, ovaries, and utricular 1--2-seeded capsules 2, distinct. Stigmas thick.--Small and creeping perennial herbs, soft pubescent, with kidney-shaped entire leaves, and axillary 1-flowered bractless peduncles. Corolla small, yellowish or white. (Name from [Greek: di/s], _double_, and [Greek: cho/ndros], _a grain_, from the fruit.)

1. D. repens, Forst. Leaves round kidney-shaped, pubescent, green both sides; corolla not exceeding the calyx (1--11/2'' long).--Wet ground, Va. to Tex., near the coast.

2. IPOMOEA, L. MORNING GLORY.

Calyx not bracteate at base, but the outer sepals commonly larger. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form to nearly campanulate; the limb entire or slightly lobed. Style undivided, terminated by a single capitate or 2--3-globose stigma. Capsule globular, 4--6 (by abortion fewer) -seeded, 2--4-valved. (Name, according to Linnaeus, from [Greek: i)/ps], _a Bindweed_, and [Greek: o(/moios], _like_; but [Greek: i)/ps] is _a worm_.)

Sec. 1 QUAMOCLIT. _Corolla salver-form, or with somewhat funnel-form but narrow tube; stamens and style exserted; flowers red. Annual twiners._

I. QUAMOCLIT, L. (CYPRESS-VINE.) Leaves pinnately parted into linear-thread-shaped delicate parallel lobes; peduncles 1-flowered; corolla narrow, scarlet-red, or sometimes white. (Quamoclit vulgaris, _Choisy_.)--Sparingly spontaneous southward. (Trop. Amer., etc.)

I. COCCINEA, L. Leaves heart-shaped, acuminate, entire or angled, sepals awn-pointed; corolla light scarlet (1' long). (Quamoclit coccinea, _Moench_.)--River banks, etc., Ohio to Ill., Va., and southward. (Probably indigenous in N. Mex. and Arizona.)

Sec. 2. IPOMOEA proper. _Corolla funnel-form or nearly campanulate, contorted in the bud; stamens and style not exserted._

[*] (MORNING GLORY.) _Lobes of stigma and cells 3; sepals long and narrow, attenuate upward, mostly hirsute below, corolla purple, blue, and white._

I. HEDERACEA, Jacq. Stems retrorsely hairy, _leaves heart-shaped, 3-lobed_, the lobes acute or acuminate; peduncles short, or rather long, 1--3-flowered; calyx densely hairy below; corolla white and purple or pale blue (1--11/2' long). (I. Nil. of Manual, not _Roth_.)--Waste and cultivated ground, Penn. to Fla., and La. (Trop. Amer.)

I. PURPUREA, Lam. (COMMON MORNING-GLORY.) Annual, stems retrorsely hairy; _leaves heart shaped, acuminate, entire_; peduncles long, umbellately 3--5-flowered; calyx bristly hairy below; corolla funnel-form (2' long), purple, varying to white.--Escaped in cultivated grounds. (Trop. Amer.)

[*][*] _Stigma 2-lobed or entire; cells 2, each 2-seeded; sepals broader, imbricated._

[+] _Leaves cordate, acuminate._

1 I. pandurata, Meyer. (WILD POTATO-VINE. MAN-OF-THE-EARTH.) Perennial, smooth or nearly so when old, trailing or sometimes twining; leaves occasionally contracted at the sides so as to be fiddle-shaped; _peduncles longer than the petioles_, 1--5-flowered; _sepals smooth, ovate-oblong, very obtuse_; corolla open-funnel-form (3' long), white with purple in the tube.--Dry ground, Conn. to Mich., south to Fla. and Tex. June--Aug. Stems long and stout, from a huge root, which often weighs 10--20 pounds.

2 I. lacunosa, L. Annual; rather smooth; stem twining and creeping, slender; leaves entire or angled-lobed; _peduncles short_, 1--3-flowered; _sepals lance-oblong, pointed, bristly-ciliate_ or hairy, half the length of the sharply 5-lobed (white, 1/2--{1/3}' long) corolla.--River-banks and low grounds, Penn. to Ill., south to S. C. and Tex.

[+][+] _Leaves linear; not twining._

3 I. leptophylla, Torr. Perennial, very glabrous; stems erect or ascending (2--4 deg. high), with slender recurving branches, from an immense root (weighing 10--100 pounds); leaves 2--4' long, 2--3'' wide, short-petioled, acute; peduncles short, 1--2-flowered; sepals broadly ovate, very obtuse, outer ones shorter; corolla pink-purple, funnel-form, about 3' long.--Plains of Neb. to central Kan., Tex., and westward.

3. CONVOLVULUS, Tourn. BINDWEED.

Corolla funnel-form to campanulate. Stamens included. Style undivided or 2-cleft only at the apex; stigmas 2, linear-filiform to subulate or ovate. Capsule globose, 2-celled, or imperfectly 4-celled by spurious partitions between the 2 seeds, or by abortion 1-celled, mostly 2--4-valved.--Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants, either twining, erect, or prostrate. (Name from _convolvo_, to entwine.)

Sec. 1 CALYSTEGIA. _Stigmas oval to oblong; calyx enclosed in 2 broad leafy brats._

1 C. spithamaeus, L. _Downy; stem low and mostly simple, upright or ascending_ (6--12' long); leaves oblong, with or without a heart-shaped or auricled base; corolla white (2' long); stigmas oval. (Calystegia spithamaea, _Pursh_.)--Dry and sandy or rocky soil; not rare.

2. C. sepium, L. (HEDGE BINDWEED.) Glabrous, or more or less pubescent; stem _twining or sometimes trailing extensively_; leaves triangular-halberd-shaped or arrow-shaped, acute or pointed, the basal lobes obliquely truncate and often somewhat toothed or sinuate-lobed; peduncles 4-angled; bracts commonly acute; corolla white or tinged with rose-color (11/2--2' long). (Calystegia sepium, _R. Br._)--Moist alluvial soil, or along streams; N. Atlantic States and westward. (Eu., etc.)

Var. Americanus, Sims. Glabrous; corolla pink or rose-purple; bracts obtuse. (C. sepium of Am. authors mainly.)--Common, across the continent.

Var. repens, Gray. More or less pubescent; sterile and sometimes flowering stems extensively prostrate; leaves more narrowly sagittate or cordate, the basal lobes commonly obtuse or rounded and entire; corolla from almost white to rose-color; bracts very obtuse or acute. (Calystegia sepium, var. pubescens, _Gray_.)--Common.

Sec. 2. _Stigmas filiform; no bracts at or near the base of the calyx._

C. ARVENSIS, L. (BINDWEED.) Perennial; stem procumbent or twining, and low; leaves ovate-oblong, arrow-shaped, with the lobes at the base acute; peduncles mostly 1-flowered; bracts minute, remote; corolla (9'' long) white or tinged with reddish.--Old fields, N. Atlantic States. (Eu.)

4. BREWERIA, R. Br.

Styles 2, or rarely 3, simple and distinct, or else united into one below; stigmas depressed-capitate. Otherwise as Convolvulus and Evolvulus.--Perennial prostrate or diffusely spreading herbs; flowers small; in summer; corolla more or less hairy or silky outside. (Named for _Samuel Brewer_, an English botanist or amateur of the 18th century.)

1. B. humistrata, Gray. _Sparsely hairy_ or nearly smooth; leaves varying from oblong with a somewhat heart-shaped base to linear, mucronate or emarginate; peduncles 1--7-flowered; bracts shorter than the pedicels; _sepals pointed, glabrous_ or nearly so; _corolla white; filaments hairy; styles united at base_. (Bonamia humistrata, _Gray_.)--Dry pine barrens, Va. to La.

2. B. aquatica, Gray. _Minutely soft downy_ and somewhat hoary; peduncles 1--3-flowered; _sepals silky; corolla pink or purple; filaments smooth; styles almost distinct_; otherwise nearly as n. 1. (Bonamia aquatica, _Gray_.)--Wet pine barrens and margins of ponds, N. C. to Tex., extending into Mo.

3. B. Pickeringii, Gray. Soft-pubescent or smoothish; _leaves very narrowly linear_ or the lowest linear-spatulate, tapering to the base, nearly sessile; peduncles 1--3-flowered; _bracts resembling the leaves_, mostly exceeding the flowers; _sepals hairy; filaments_ (scarcely hairy) _and styles (united far above the middle) exserted from the open white corolla_. (Bonamia Pickeringii, _Gray_.)--Dry pine barrens and prairies, N. J. and southward; also W. Ill.

5. EVOLVULUS, L.

Calyx of 5 sepals, naked at base. Corolla open funnel-form or almost rotate. Styles 2, each 2-cleft; stigmas obtuse. Capsule 2-celled; the cells 2-seeded.--Low and small herbs or suffrutescent plants, mostly diffuse, never twining (hence the name, from _evolvo_, to unroll, in contrast with Convolvulus).

1. E. argenteus, Pursh. Many-stemmed from a somewhat woody base, dwarf, silky-villous all over; leaves crowded, broadly lanceolate, sessile, or the lower oblong spatulate and short-petioled, about 1/2' long; flowers almost sessile in the axils; corolla purple, 3'' broad.--Sterile plains and prairies, Dak. and Neb. to Mo. and Tex.

6. CUSCUTA, Tourn. DODDER.

Calyx 5- (rarely 4-) cleft, or of 5 sepals. Corolla globular-urn-shaped, bell-shaped, or short-tubular, the spreading border 5- (rarely 4-) cleft, imbricate. Stamens with a scale-like often fringed appendage at base. Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled; styles distinct, or rarely united. Capsule mostly 4-seeded. Embryo thread-shaped, spirally coiled in the rather fleshy albumen, destitute of cotyledons, sometimes with a few alternate scales (belonging to the plumule); germination occurring in the soil.--Leafless annual herbs, with thread-like yellowish or reddish stems, bearing a few minute scales in place of leaves; on rising from the ground becoming entirely parasitic on the bark of herbs and shrubs on which they twine, and to which they adhere by means of suckers developed on the surface in contact. Flowers small, cymose-clustered, mostly white; usually produced late in summer and in autumn. (Name supposed to be of Arabic derivation.)

Sec. 1. _Stigmas elongated; capsule circumscissile._

C. EPILINUM, Weihe. (FLAX DODDER.) Stems very slender, low; flowers globular, sessile in dense scattered heads; corolla 5-parted, short-cylindrical, scarcely exceeding the broadly ovate acute divisions of the calyx, persistent around the capsule; stamens included; scales short, broad, crenulate, shorter than the globose ovary.--Flax-fields; in Europe very injurious; sparingly introduced with flax-seed into the Northern States. June.

C. EPITHYMUM, Murr. Stems very slender; flowers capitate; corolla-lobes spreading, the cylindrical tube longer than the suberect acute sepals; scales large, contiguous, toothed; stamens exserted.--Occasionally found in clover-fields. (Int. from Eu.)

Sec. 2. _Stigmas capitate; capsule indehiscent._

[*] _Calyx gamosepalous; ovary and capsule depressed-globose._

[+] _Flowers in dense or globular clusters; corolla with short and wide tube, persistent at the base of the capsule; styles mostly shorter than the ovary._

1. C. chlorocarpa, Engelm. _Stems coarse, orange-colored_; flowers white (1--11/4' long); _lobes of calyx and corolla_ (mostly 4) _acute_, often longer than the tube; _scales small, 2-cleft_, often reduced to a few teeth; the thin capsule pale greenish-yellow.--Wet places, from Wisc. and Minn. to Ark.; also in Penn. and Del., often on Polygonum.

2. C. arvensis, Beyrich. _Stems pale and slender_, low; _flowers smaller_ (hardly 1'' long); _calyx-lobes (5) obtuse_, mostly very broad; those of the corolla acuminate, longer than the tube, with inflexed points, _scales large, deeply fringed_.--Rather dry soil on various low plants, N. Y. to Fla., west to the Pacific. Very variable.