Part 42

Corolla various in shape; the limb 4--5-cleft, revolute. Stamens 8 or 10; anthers sometimes 2-awned on the back; the cells separate and prolonged upward into a tube, opening by a hole at the apex. Berry 4--5-celled, many-seeded, or sometimes 8--10-celled by a false partition stretching from the back of each cell to the placenta.--Shrubs with solitary, clustered, or racemed flowers; the corolla white or reddish. (Ancient Latin name, of obscure derivation.)

Sec. 1. BATODENDRON. _Corolla open-campanulate, 5-lobed; anthers with long tubes, and 2-awned on the back; berry (hardly edible) spuriously 10-celled; leaves deciduous but firm; flowers solitary or in leafy-bracted racemes, slender-pedicelled._

1. V. arboreum, Marshall. (FARKLE-BERRY.) _Tall_ (6--25 deg. high), smoothish; leaves obovate to oblong, entire or denticulate, mucronate, bright green, shining above, at the south evergreen; _corolla white; anthers included_; berries black, globose, small, many-seeded.--Sandy soil, S. Ill. to Tex., Fla., and N. C.

2. V. stamineum, L. (DEERBERRY. SQUAW HUCKLEBERRY.) Diffusely branched (2--3 deg. high), somewhat pubescent; leaves ovate or oval, pale, glaucous or whitish underneath; _corolla greenish-white or purplish; anthers much exserted_; berries greenish or yellowish, globular or pear-shaped, large, few-seeded.--Dry woods, Maine to Minn., south to Fla. and La.

Sec. 2. CYANOCOCCUS. (BLUEBERRIES.) _Corolla cylindraceous to campanulate, 5-toothed; filaments hairy; anthers included, awnless; berry (sweet and edible) blue or black with bloom, completely or incompletely 10-celled; flowers in fascicles or short racemes, short-pedicelled, appearing from large scaly buds with or before the leaves._

[*] _Corolla cylindraceous when developed._

3. V. virgatum, Ait. Low, more or less pubescent; leaves ovate-oblong to cuneate-lanceolate, usually acute and minutely serrulate, thinnish, shining at least above; flower-clusters sometimes virgate on naked branches; corolla rose-color; berry black.--In swamps, south of our range, but represented by

Var. tenellum, Gray. Low form, mostly small-leaved, with smaller nearly white flowers in shorter or closer clusters.--Va. to Ark., and southward.

[*][*] _Corolla shorter and broader._ (BLUEBERRIES or BLUE HUCKLEBERRIES.)

4. V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. (DWARF BLUEBERRY.) Dwarf (6--15' high), smooth, with green warty stems and branches; _leaves lanceolate or oblong, distinctly serrulate with bristle-pointed teeth, smooth and shining both sides_ (or sometimes downy on the midrib underneath); corolla short, cylindrical-bell-shaped; berries bluish-black and glaucous.--Dry hills, N. J. to Ill., north to Newf. and Sask. The lowest and earliest ripened of the blueberries.--Var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Gray; a dwarfer high-mountain or northern form, with narrower lanceolate leaves.--White Mts. of N. H., Newf., and far northward.

5. V. Canadense, Kalm. Low (1--2 deg. high); _leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, entire, downy both sides_, as well as the crowded branchlets; corolla shorter; otherwise as the last.--Swamps or moist woods, N. New Eng. to mountains of Penn., Ill., Minn., and northward.

6. V. vacillans, Solander. (LOW BLUEBERRY.) _Low_ (1--21/2 deg. high), _glabrous_, with yellowish-green branchlets; _leaves obovate or oval, very pale or dull, glaucous_, at least underneath, minutely ciliolate-serrulate or entire; corolla between bell-shaped and cylindraceous, the mouth somewhat contracted.--Dry places, especially in sandy soil, New Eng. to Mich. and Iowa, south to N. C. and Mo.--Berries ripening later than those of n. 4.

7. V. corymbosum, L. (COMMON or SWAMP-BLUEBERRY.) _Tall_ (5--10 deg. high); _leaves ovate, oval, oblong, or elliptical-lanceolate_; corolla varying from turgid-ovate and cylindrical-urn-shaped to oblong-cylindrical, 3--4'' long.--Swamps and low thickets, throughout our range and southward. This yields the common _blueberry_ or _blue huckleberry_ of the latter part of the season. The typical form has leaves with naked entire margins, and may be pubescent or glabrous (var. GLABRUM, _Gray_, Man.) Numerous gradations unite the following varieties:--

Var. amoenum, Gray. Leaves bristly-ciliate, shining above, green both sides, beneath somewhat pubescent on the veins.--Middle Atlantic States.

Var. pallidum, Gray. Leaves mostly glabrous, pale or whitish, glaucous especially underneath, serrulate with bristly teeth.--Common in the Alleghanies southward, mostly on the higher ridges.

Var. atrococcum, Gray. The most distinct form; leaves entire, downy or woolly underneath even when old, as also the branchlets; berries smaller, black, without bloom.--New Eng. to Penn.

Sec. 3. VACCINIUM proper. (BILBERRIES.) _Corolla ovate to globular, 4--5-toothed; filaments glabrous; anthers 2-awned on the back, included; berry 4--5-celled; leaves deciduous; flowers on drooping pedicels, solitary or few together, appearing with or after the leaves; mostly glabrous._

[*] _Parts of the flower mostly in fours; stamens 8._

8. V. uliginosum, L. (BOG BILBERRY.) Low and spreading (4'--2 deg. high), tufted; leaves entire, dull, obovate or oblong, pale and slightly pubescent underneath; flowers single or 2--3 together from a scaly bud, almost sessile; corolla short, urn-shaped; berries black with a bloom, sweet.--Alpine tops of the high mountains of N. Eng. and N. Y., shore of L. Superior, and northwestward. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Parts of the flower in fives; stamens 10; leaves membranaceous; flowers solitary on short axillary peduncles, nodding._

9. V. caespitosum, Michx. Dwarf (3--6' high), tufted, _leaves obovate_, narrowed at the base, smooth and _shining, serrate; corolla oblong_, slightly urn-shaped; berries blue.--Alpine region of the White Mts., and high northward.--Var. CUNEIFOLIUM, Nutt., is a foot high or less, bushy, with cuneate-spatulate leaves rounded at the apex, passing in one form to spatulate-lanceolate and acute.--Shores of L. Superior and westward.

10. V. myrtilloides, Hook. More erect, 1--5 deg. high; branchlets somewhat angled; _leaves mostly ovate and acute or pointed_, sharply and closely _serrulate, bright green_, nearly smooth; border of the calyx almost entire; _corolla depressed-globular_, rather large; berries large, black, rather acid.--Damp woods, shores of L. Superior, and northwestward. May, June.--Pedicels 3--6'' long, drooping in flower, erect in fruit.

11. V. ovalifolium, Smith. Straggling, 2--12 deg. high; _leaves elliptical, obtuse, nearly entire, pale_, mostly glaucous beneath, smooth; _corolla ovoid_; berries blue.--Peat-bogs, shores of L. Superior, and northwestward. May.

Sec. 4. VITIS-IDAEA. _Corolla, berry, etc., as in Sec. 3; filaments hairy; anthers awnless; leaves coriaceous and persistent; flowers in clusters from separate buds, 4-merous (in our species); mostly glabrous; leaves 3--6'' long._

12. V. Vitis-Idaea, L. (COWBERRY. MOUNTAIN CRANBERRY. FOXBERRY.) Low (6--10' high); branches erect from tufted creeping stems; leaves obovate with revolute margins, dark green, smooth and shining above, dotted with blackish bristly points underneath; corolla bell-shaped, 4-cleft; berries dark red, acid and rather bitter, edible when cooked. Coast and mountains of N. Eng. to N. shore of L. Superior, and far northward. June. (Eu.)

Sec. 5. OXYCOCCUS. _Corolla deeply 4-parted or -cleft, with linear reflexed lobes; anthers exserted, awnless, with very long terminal tubes; berry 4-celled; flowers axillary or terminal, nodding on long filiform pedicels._

[*] _Stem upright and leaves deciduous, as in common Blueberries; flowers axillary and solitary; corolla deeply 4-cleft; berries light red, turning purple, insipid._

13. V. erythrocarpon, Michx. Smooth, divergently branched (1--4 deg. high); leaves oblong-lanceolate, taper-pointed, bristly serrate, thin.--Damp woods, higher Alleghanies, Va. to Ga. July.

[*][*] _Stems very slender, creeping or trailing; leaves small, entire, whitened beneath, evergreen; pedicels erect, the pale rose-colored flower nodding; corolla 4-parted; berries red, acid._--CRANBERRIES.

14. V. Oxycoccus, L. (SMALL CRANBERRY.) Stems very slender (4--9' long); _leaves ovate, acute, with strongly revolute margins_ (2--3'' long); pedicels 1--4, terminal; filaments fully 1/2 as long as the anthers.--Peat-bogs, N. Eng. and Penn. to Minn., and northward. June.--Berry 3--4'' broad, often speckled with white when young, seldom gathered for market. (Eu., Asia.)

15. V. macrocarpon, Ait. (LARGE or AMERICAN CRANBERRY.) Stems elongated (1--4 deg. long), the flowering branches ascending; _leaves oblong, obtuse_, less revolute (4--6'' long); pedicels several, becoming lateral, filaments scarcely one third the length of the anthers.--Peat-bogs, N. C. to Minn. and everywhere northward, but scarcely westward. June.--Berry 1/2--1' long.

3. CHIOGENES, Salisb. CREEPING SNOWBERRY.

Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary; limb 4-parted, persistent. Corolla bell-shaped, deeply 4-cleft. Stamens 8, included, inserted on an 8-toothed disk, filaments very short and broad; anther-cells ovate-oblong, separate, not awned on the back, but each minutely 2-pointed at the apex, and opening by a large chink down to the middle. Berry white, globular, rather dry, 4-celled, many-seeded.--A trailing and creeping evergreen, with very slender and scarcely woody stems, and small Thyme-like, ovate and pointed leaves on short petioles, with revolute margins, smooth above, the lower surface and the branches beset with rigid rusty bristles. Flowers very small, solitary in the axils, on short nodding peduncles, with 2 large bractlets under the calyx. (Name from [Greek: chio/n], _snow_, and [Greek: ge/nos], _offspring_, in allusion to the snow-white berries.)

1. C. serpyllifolia, Salisb. Leaves 3--4'' long; berries 3'' broad, bright white. (C. hispidula, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Peat-bogs, and mossy woods, N. J. and Penn. to Minn., and northward; also southward in the Alleghanies to N. C. May.--Plant with the aromatic flavor of Gaultheria or Sweet Birch.

4. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans. BEARBERRY.

Corolla ovate and urn-shaped, with a short revolute 5-toothed limb. Stamens 10, included; anthers with 2 reflexed awns on the back near the apex, opening by terminal pores. Drupe berry-like, with 5--10 seed-like nutlets.--Shrubs, with alternate leaves, and scaly-bracted nearly white flowers in terminal racemes or clusters. Fruit austere. (Name composed of [Greek: a)/rktos], _a bear_, and [Greek: staphyle/], _a grape_ or _berry_, the Greek of the popular name.)

1. A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. (BEARBERRY.) Trailing; _leaves thick and evergreen_, obovate or spatulate, _entire, smooth; fruit red_.--Rocks and bare hills, N. J. and Penn. to Mo., and far north and westward. May. (Eu., Asia.)

2. A. alpina, Spreng. (ALPINE BEARBERRY.) Dwarf, tufted and depressed; _leaves deciduous, serrate, wrinkled_ with strong netted veins, obovate; _fruit black_.--Alpine summits in N. Eng., and high northward. (Arctic-alpine around the world.)

5. EPIGAEA, L. GROUND LAUREL. TRAILING ARBUTUS.

Corolla salver-form; the tube hairy inside, as long as the ovate-lanceolate pointed and scale-like nearly distinct sepals. Stamens 10, with slender filaments; anthers oblong, awnless, opening lengthwise. Style slender, its apex (as in Pyrola) forming a sort of ring or collar around and partly adnate to the 5 little lobes of the stigma. Capsule depressed-globular, 5-lobed, 5-celled, many-seeded.--A prostrate or trailing scarcely shrubby plant, bristly with rusty hairs, with evergreen and reticulated rounded and heart-shaped alternate leaves, on slender petioles, and with rose-colored flowers in small axillary clusters, from scaly bracts. (Name composed of [Greek: e)pi/], _upon_, and [Greek: ge~], _the earth_, from the trailing growth.)

1. E. repens, L.--Sandy woods, or in rocky soil, especially in the shade of pines, Newf. to Minn., south to Fla., and Ky.--Flowers appearing in early spring, exhaling a rich spicy fragrance, dimorphous as to style and stamens and subdioecious. In New England called MAYFLOWER.

6. GAULTHERIA, Kalm. AROMATIC WINTERGREEN.

Corolla cylindrical-ovoid or a little urn-shaped, 5-toothed. Stamens 10, included; anther-cells each 2-awned at the summit, opening by a terminal pore. Capsule depressed, 5-lobed, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded, enclosed when ripe by the calyx, which thickens and turns fleshy, so as to appear as a globular red berry!--Shrubs, or almost herbaceous plants, with alternate evergreen leaves and axillary (nearly white) flowers; pedicels with 2 bractlets. (Dedicated by Kalm to "_Dr. Gaulthier_," of Quebec.)

1. G. procumbens, L. (CREEPING WINTERGREEN.) Stems slender and extensively creeping on or below the surface; the flowering branches ascending, leafy at the summit (3--5' high); leaves obovate or oval, obscurely serrate; flowers few, mostly single in the axils, nodding.--Cool damp woods, mostly in the shade of evergreens, Maine to Minn., and southward to N. Ga.; also far northward. July.--The bright red berries (formed of the calyx) and the foliage have the well-known spicy-aromatic flavor of the Sweet Birch. Usually called _Wintergreen_, or sometimes in the interior _Tea-berry_. Eastward it is often called _Checkerberry_ or _Partridge-berry_ (names also applied to Mitchella, the latter especially so), also _Boxberry_.

7. ANDROMEDA, L.

Calyx without bractlets, of 5 nearly or partly distinct sepals, valvate in the bud, but very soon separate or open. Corolla urceolate (in ours), 5-toothed. Stamens 10; anthers fixed near the middle, the cells opening by a terminal pore. Capsule globular, 5-celled, 5-valved; the many-seeded placentae borne on the summit or middle of the columella. Seeds pendulous or spreading.--Shrubs, with umbelled, clustered, or panicled and racemed (mostly white) flowers. (Fancifully named by Linnaeus in allusion to the fable of _Andromeda_.)

[*] _Anthers awned; capsule more or less globose; leaves thick and evergreen._

1. A. polifolia, L. _Glabrous_, 6--18' high; leaves linear to lanceolate-oblong, strongly revolute, _white beneath_; flowers in terminal umbels; pedicels from axils of persistent scaly bracts; _each anther-cell with a slender terminal ascending awn_.--Wet bogs, N. J. and Penn. to Minn., and northward.

2. A. floribunda, Pursh. Very leafy, 2--6 deg. high; _young branchlets, etc., strigose-hairy_; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, ciliate-serrulate, _glandular-dotted beneath_ (2' long); _racemes crowded in short terminal panicles_, densely flowered; _each anther-cell with a slender deflexed awn on the back_.--Moist hillsides, in the Alleghanies from Va. to Ga.

[*][*] _Anthers awnless; capsule 5-angled, with a thickened ridge at the dorsal sutures; leaves thinnish and deciduous._

3. A. Mariana, L. (STAGGER-BUSH.) _Mostly glabrous_, 2--4 deg. high; leaves oblong or oval (1--3' long); _fascicles of nodding flowers racemose on naked shoots; filaments 2-toothed near the apex; capsule ovate-pyramidal, truncate at the contracted apex_.--Low grounds, R. I. to Fla.; also in Tenn. and Ark. Foliage said to poison lambs and calves.

4. A. ligustrina, Muhl. _Minutely pubescent_, 3--10 deg. high; leaves obovate to lanceolate-oblong (1--2' long), serrulate or entire; _racemes crowded in naked or leafy panicles; filaments flat, not appendaged; capsule globular_.--Wet grounds, Canada to Fla. and Ark.--Var. PUBESCENS, Gray, is a form with dense soft pubescence.--Va. to Ga.

8. OXYDENDRUM, DC. SORREL-TREE. SOUR-WOOD.

Calyx without bractlets, of 5 almost distinct sepals, valvate in the bud. Corolla ovate, 5-toothed, puberulent. Stamens 10; anthers fixed near the base, linear, awnless, the cells tapering upward and opening by a long chink. Capsule oblong-pyramidal, 5-celled, 5-valved; the many-seeded placentae at the base of the cells. Seeds _all ascending_, slender, the thin and loose reticulated coat extended at both ends into awl-shaped appendages.--A tree with deciduous, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, soon smooth, serrulate leaves, on slender petioles, and white flowers in long one-sided racemes clustered in an open panicle, terminating the branches of the season. Bracts and bractlets minute, deciduous. Foliage acid (whence the name, from [Greek: o)xy/s], _sour_, and [Greek: de/ndron], _tree_.)

1. O. arboreum, DC. Tree 15--40 deg. high; leaves in size and shape like those of the peach.--Rich woods, from Penn. to Ind., and southward, mostly along the Alleghanies, to Fla. June, July.

9. LEUCOTHOE, Don.

Calyx of 5 nearly distinct sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla ovate or cylindraceous, 5-toothed. Stamens 10; anthers naked, or the cells with 1 or 2 erect awns at the apex, opening by a pore. Capsule depressed, more or less 5-lobed, 5-celled, 5-valved, the sutures not thickened; valves entire; the many-seeded placentae borne on the summit of the short columella. Seeds mostly pendulous.--Shrubs with petioled and serrulate leaves, and white scaly-bracted flowers in dense axillary or terminal spiked racemes. (A mythological name.)

[*] _Anthers awnless; stigma 5-rayed; racemes sessile, dense, with persistent bracts, in the axils of thick and shining evergreen leaves; calyx not bracteolate._

1. L. axillaris, Don. _Leaves lanceolate-oblong or oval, abruptly pointed_ or acute, somewhat spinulose-serrulate, _on very short petioles; sepals broadly ovate_.--Low grounds, Va. to Fla. and Ala. Feb.--April.--Shrub 2--4 deg. high.

2. L. Catesbaei, Gray. _Leaves ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed_, serrulate with ciliate-spinulose appressed teeth, _conspicuously petioled_ (3--6' long); _sepals ovate-oblong_, often acute.--Moist banks of streams, Va. to Ga. along the mountains. May.--Shrub 2--4 deg. high, with long spreading or recurved branches. Flowers exhaling the unpleasant scent of Chestnut-blossoms.

[*][*] _Anthers awned; stigma simple; flowers very short-pedicelled, in long one-sided racemes mostly terminating the branches; bracts deciduous; leaves membranaceous and deciduous, serrulate; calyx bibracteolate._

3. L. recurva, Buckley. _Branches and racemes recurved-spreading_; leaves lanceolate or ovate, taper-pointed; _sepals ovate; anther-cells 1-awned; pod 5-lobed, seeds flat and cellular-winged_.--Dry hills, Alleghanies of Va. to Ala. April.--Lower and more straggling than the next.

4. L. racemosa, Gray. _Branches and racemes mostly erect_; leaves oblong or oval-lanceolate, acute; _sepals ovate-lanceolate; anther-cells each 2-awned; pod not lobed; seeds angled and wingless_.--Moist thickets, Mass. to Fla. and La., near the coast. May, June.--Shrub 4--10 deg. high. Corolla cylindrical.

10. CASSANDRA, Don. LEATHER-LEAF.

Calyx of 5 distinct rigid ovate and acute sepals, imbricated in the bud, and with a pair of similar bractlets. Corolla cylindrical-oblong, 5-toothed. Stamens 10; anther-cells tapering into a tubular beak, and opening by a pore at the apex, awnless. Capsule depressed, 5-celled, many-seeded, the pericarp of 2 layers, the outer 5-valved, the cartilaginous inner layer at length 10-valved. Seeds flattened, wingless.--Low and much branched shrubs, with nearly evergreen and coriaceous leaves, which are scurfy, especially underneath. Flowers white, in the axils of the upper small leaves, forming small 1-sided leafy racemes. (_Cassandra_, a daughter of Priam and Hecuba.)

1. C. calyculata, Don. Leaves oblong, obtuse, flat.--Bogs, Newf. to Minn., and south to Ga.

11. CASSIOPE, Don.

Calyx without bractlets, of 4 or 5 nearly distinct ovate sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla broadly campanulate, deeply 4--5-cleft. Stamens 8 or 10; anthers fixed by the apex; the ovoid cells each opening by a large terminal pore, and bearing a long recurved awn behind. Capsule ovoid or globular, 4--5-celled, 4--5-valved, the valves 2-cleft; placentae many-seeded, pendulous from the summit of the columella. Seeds smooth and wingless.--Small, arctic or alpine evergreen plants, resembling Club-Mosses or Heaths. Flowers solitary, nodding on slender erect peduncles, white or rose-color. (_Cassiope_ was the mother of Andromeda.)

1. C. hypnoides, Don. Tufted and procumbent, moss-like (1--4' high); leaves needle-shaped, imbricated; corolla 5-cleft; style short and conical.--Alpine summits of N. New Eng. and N. Y., and high northward.

12. CALLUNA, Salisb. HEATHER. LING.

Calyx of 4 colored sepals. Corolla bell-shaped, 4-parted, much shorter and less conspicuous than the calyx, both becoming scarious and persistent. Stamens 8, distinct; anthers with a pair of deflexed appendages on the back, the cells opening each by a long chink. Capsule 4-celled, septicidally 4-valved.--Evergreen undershrub, with no scaly buds, opposite and minute leaves (mostly extended at base into 2 sharp auricles), crowded and imbricated on the branches. Flowers axillary, or terminating very short shoots and crowded on the branches, forming close mostly one-sided spikes or spike-like racemes, rose-colored or sometimes white, small, bracted by 2 or 3 pairs of leaves, the innermost of which are more or less scarious. (Named from [Greek: kally/no], _to brush_ or _sweep_, brooms being made of its twigs.)

1. C. vulgaris, Salisb. Low grounds, Mass., at Tewksbury and W. Andover; Maine, at Cape Elizabeth; also N. Scotia, C. Breton, Newf., etc. Probably only introduced.

Two European heaths, ERICA CINEREA and E. TETRALIX, have been found in small patches on Nantucket Island.

13. BRYANTHUS, Steller.

Corolla urn-shaped or bell-shaped, 5-toothed or 5-cleft, deciduous. Stamens 10, anthers pointless, shorter than the filaments, opening by terminal pores. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, septicidal (as are all the succeeding), many-seeded.--Low alpine Heath-like evergreen undershrubs, clothed with scattered linear and obtuse smooth or rough-margined leaves. Flowers usually nodding on solitary or umbelled peduncles at the summit of the branches. Our species belongs to Sec. Phyllodoce. ([Greek: Bry/on], _moss_, and [Greek: a)/nthos] _flower_, because growing among mosses.)

1. B. taxifolius, Gray. Calyx pubescent; corolla oblong-urn-shaped, 5-toothed, purplish, smooth; style included. (Phyllodoce taxifolia, _Salisb._)--Alpine summits of the mountains of N. H. and Maine, and northward. July.

14. KALMIA, L. AMERICAN LAUREL.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla between wheel-shaped and bell-shaped, 5-lobed, furnished with 10 depressions in which the 10 anthers are severally lodged; filaments long and thread-form. Capsule globose, 5-celled, many-seeded.--Evergreen mostly smooth shrubs, with alternate or opposite entire coriaceous leaves, naked buds, and showy flowers. (Dedicated to _Peter Kalm_, a pupil of Linnaeus, who travelled in this country about the middle of the last century, afterwards Professor at Abo.)

Sec. 1. _Flowers in simple or clustered naked umbel-like corymbs; pedicels from the axils of small and firm foliaceous persistent bracts; calyx smaller than the pod, persistent; leaves and branches glabrous, or nearly so._

1. K. latifolia, L. (CALICO-BUSH. MOUNTAIN LAUREL. SPOON-WOOD.) _Leaves mostly alternate, bright green both sides, ovate-lanceolate_ or oblong, acute at each end, petioled; flowers profuse, large and very showy, varying from deep rose-color to nearly white; _corymbs terminal_, many-flowered, clammy-pubescent; pod depressed, glandular.--Rocky hills and damp soil, Canada and Maine, chiefly along the mountains to W. Fla., west to Ohio, Ky., and Tenn. Usually a shrub 4--8 deg. high, but in the mountains from Penn. southward forming dense thickets and often tree-like (10--30 deg. high). May, June.