Part 41
5. L. pulchella, DC. Pale or glaucous; stem simple, 1--2 deg. high; leaves sessile, oblong- or linear-lanceolate, entire, or the lower runcinate-pinnatifid; heads few and large, racemose, erect on scaly-bracted peduncles; involucral scales imbricated in 3 or 4 ranks. (Mulgedium, _Nutt._)--Upper Mich. to Minn.; common on the plains westward.
Sec. 3. MULGEDIUM. _Achenes thickish, oblong, contracted into a short thick beak or neck; annual or biennial; flowers chiefly blue._
6. L. acuminata, Gray. Tall biennial (3--7 deg. high), with many small heads in a loose panicle, on diverging peduncles; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, pointed, sharply and sometimes doubly serrate, sometimes hairy on the midrib beneath, contracted into a winged petiole, the lowest occasionally sinuate or cleft at base, and the cauline sagittate or hastate; achenes beakless; pappus white. (Mulgedium, _DC._)--Borders of woods, N. Y. to Ill. and Fla.
7. L. Floridana, Gaertn. Leaves all lyrate or runcinate, the upper often with a heart-shaped clasping base; panicle larger; achenes distinctly beaked; otherwise as n. 7.--Rich soil, Penn. to Ill., and southward.
8. L. leucophaea, Gray. Nearly smooth biennial; stem tall (3--12 deg. high), very leafy; leaves irregularly pinnatifid, sometimes runcinate, coarsely toothed, the upper cauline sessile and auriculate, sometimes clasping; heads in a large and dense compound panicle; flowers bluish to cream-color; achene short-beaked; pappus tawny. (Mulgedium, _DC._)--Low grounds; rather common.--Var. INTEGRIFOLIA, Gray. Leaves undivided, or the lower sinuate-pinnatifid. Ohio to Ill.
98. SONCHUS, L. SOW-THISTLE.
Heads many-flowered, becoming tumid at base. Involucre more or less imbricated. Achenes obcompressed, ribbed or striate, not beaked; pappus copious, of very white exceedingly soft and fine bristles mainly falling together.--Leafy-stemmed coarse weeds, chiefly smooth and glaucous, with corymbed or umbellate heads of yellow flowers; produced in summer and autumn. (The ancient Greek name.)
[*] _Annual (1--5 deg. high); flowers pale yellow._
S. OLERACEUS, L. (COMMON SOW-THISTLE.) Stem-leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, or rarely undivided, slightly toothed with soft spiny teeth, clasping by a heart-shaped base, the auricles acute; involucre downy when young; achenes striate, also wrinkled transversely.--Waste places in manured soil and around dwellings. (Nat. from Eu.)
S. ASPER, Vill. (SPINY-LEAVED S.) Stem leaves less divided and more spiny-toothed, the auricles of the clasping base rounded; achenes margined, 3-nerved on each side, smooth.--With and like the last. (Nat. from Eu.)
[*][*] _Perennial, with creeping rootstocks; flowers bright yellow, in large heads._
S. ARVENSIS, L. (FIELD S.) Leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, spiny-toothed, clasping by a heart-shaped base; peduncles and involucre bristly; achenes transversely wrinkled on the ribs.--Roadsides, etc., N. Eng. and N. Y.; becoming more common. (Nat. from Eu.)
ORDER 56. LOBELIACEAE. (LOBELIA FAMILY.)
_Herbs with acrid milky juice, alternate leaves, and scattered flowers, an irregular monopetalous 5-lobed corolla, the 5 stamens free from the corolla, and united into a tube commonly by their filaments and always by their anthers._--Calyx-tube adherent to the many-seeded pod. Style 1; stigma often fringed. Seeds anatropous, with a small straight embryo, in copious albumen.--Nearly passing into the following order.
1. LOBELIA, L.
Calyx 5-cleft, with a short tube. Corolla with a straight tube, split down on the (apparently) upper side, somewhat 2-lipped; the upper lip of 2 rather erect lobes, the lower lip spreading and 3-cleft. Two of the anthers in our species bearded at the top. Pod 2-celled, many-seeded, opening at the top.--Flowers axillary or chiefly in bracted racemes, in summer and early autumn. (Dedicated to _Matthias De l'Obel_, an early Flemish herbalist.)
[*] _Flowers deep red, large; stem simple._
1. L. cardinalis, L. (CARDINAL-FLOWER.) Tall (2--4 deg. high), smoothish; leaves oblong-lanceolate, slightly toothed; raceme elongated, rather 1-sided; the pedicels much shorter than the leaf-like bracts.--Low grounds, common.--Perennial by offsets, with large and very showy intensely red flowers, varying rarely to rose-color or even white. Hybrids with the next species also occur.
[*][*] _Flowers blue, or blue variegated with white._
[+] _Flowers rather large (corolla-tube 5--6'' long), spicate-racemose; stems leafy, 1--3 deg. high; perennial._
[++] _Leaves ovate to lanceolate, numerous; lip of corolla glabrous._
2. L. syphilitica, L. (GREAT LOBELIA.) _Somewhat hairy; leaves thin, acute at both ends_ (2--6' long), irregularly serrate; flowers (nearly 1' long) pedicelled, longer than the leafy bracts; calyx hirsute, the _sinuses with conspicuous deflexed auricles_, the short _tube hemispherical_.--Low grounds, common.--Flowers light blue, rarely white.
3. L. puberula, Michx. _Finely soft-pubescent; leaves thickish, obtuse_ (1--2' long), with small glandular teeth; spike rather 1-sided; bracts ovate; _sinuses of the calyx with short and rounded or often inconspicuous auricles, the hairy tube top-shaped_.--Moist sandy grounds, N. J. to Iowa, and south to Tex. and Fla.--Corolla bright blue, 1/2' long.
4. L. amoena, Michx. _Glabrous_ or nearly so; raceme virgate; leaves narrower; bracts lanceolate or linear, often glandular-denticulate; calyx-lobes long and very slender, usually without auricles, the tube glabrous.--S. Atlantic States, in swamps.--Var. GLANDULIFERA, Gray; a slender form with secund raceme, oval to lance-oblong obtuse gland-toothed leaves, and the bracts and calyx-teeth beset with slender gland-tipped teeth. S. Va. and southward.
[++][++] _Leaves long and narrow, sparse above; lip of corolla pubescent at base._
5. L. glandulosa, Walt. Glabrous, or sparingly pubescent; leaves, bracts, and usually the lobes of the calyx, strongly glandular-toothed; calyx-tube densely hispid, rarely sparsely so or smoothish, the sinuses not auriculate.--Pine-barren swamps, S. Va. to Fla.
[+][+] _Flowers smaller (corolla-tube not more than 2--3'' long)._
[++] _Stem leafy, mostly simple, continued into an elongated virgate spike-like raceme; leaves lanceolate to obovate, barely denticulate or repand._
6. L. leptostachys, A. DC. Smooth above; leaves obtuse, denticulate, oblong-lanceolate, the upper gradually reduced to awl-shaped bracts; calyx-lobes nearly equalling the corolla, with 10 _reflexed awl-shaped appendages as long as the hemispherical tube_.--Sandy soil, Ohio to Ill. and Mo.; also Va. to Ga.
7. L. spicata, Lam. Stem slender, _strict_ (1--4 deg. high) from a biennial (?) root, below and the barely denticulate leaves minutely pubescent; lower and root-leaves obovate or spatulate, the upper reduced to linear or club-shaped bracts; calyx-tube short, obconical or becoming almost hemispherical, _sinuses not appendaged_.--Moist or dry, mostly gravelly or sandy soil, N. New Eng. to Sask., south to Ark. and La. Fl. through summer.--Var. PARVIFLORA, Gray, a small form, with calyx-lobes broadly subulate, and pale corolla but 3'' long. Swamps, Lancaster, Penn. (_Porter_); beginning to flower in June.--Var. HIRTELLA, Gray; with somewhat scabrous pubescence, and minutely hirsute-ciliate bracts and calyx-lobes. Chiefly toward and beyond the Mississippi.
[++][++] _Stem leafy, often paniculately branched; flowers loosely racemose; sinuses of calyx not appendaged; annual or biennial._
[=] _Leaves chiefly linear, entire or denticulate; pod not inflated._
8. L. Canbyi, Gray. Stem strict (1--2 deg. high), minutely angled; _pedicels shorter than the bracts and flowers_, minutely roughened under a lens; _bractlets none; calyx-tube top-shaped, acute at base, only half the length of the lobes_ (which, with the linear leaves, are sparsely glandular-denticulate), in fruit becoming oblong, covering the whole pod; corolla deep blue (fully 5'' long), more or less _bearded in the throat_.--Wet places, N. J., Del., and S. C.
9. L. Kalmii, L. Stem mostly low (4--18' high), minutely angled; _pedicels filiform, not exceeding_ the linear or setaceous _bracts but as long as the flower, minutely 2-bracteolate or 2-glandular above the middle; calyx-tube top-shaped or obovoid_, fully half the length of the lobes, in fruit rather longer than they, covering the whole pod, corolla light blue, 4--5'' long.--Wet limestone rocks and banks, N. Eng. to L. Winnipeg, south to Penn., Ind., and Minn.
10. L. Nuttallii, Roem. & Schult. Stem very slender (1--2 deg. high), terete; _pedicels mostly longer than the bract and shorter than the flower_, usually with very minute bractlets near the base; _calyx-tube very short, depressed-hemispherical in fruit_, the globular pod half free; corolla pale blue, barely 3'' long.--Sandy swamps, N. J. and Penn. to Ga.
[=][=] _Leaves ovate or oblong, obtusely toothed; pod inflated, wholly inferior._
11. L. inflata, L. (INDIAN TOBACCO.) Stems paniculately much branched from an annual root, pubescent with spreading hairs (1--2 deg. high); leaves gradually diminishing into leaf-like bracts, which exceed the lower short-pedicelled flowers; calyx-tube ovoid.--Dry open fields.--Corolla only 11/2--2'' long. Plant poisonous and a noted quack medicine.
[++][++][++] _Stem scape-like, mostly simple, hollow; leaves fleshy; fibrous-rooted perennials, very glabrous, mostly aquatic, with pale blue or whitish flowers._
12. L. paludosa, Nutt. Nearly smooth; stem slender (1--4 deg. high); _leaves flat, scattered near the base, linear-spatulate_ or oblong-linear, glandular-denticulate, mostly tapering into a petiole; lower lip of corolla bearded in the middle; calyx-tube about half the length of the short lobes, hemispherical in fruit.--In water (but foliage emerged), Del. to Fla. and La.
13. L. Dortmanna, L. (WATER LOBELIA.) Very smooth; _scape thickish_ (5--12' high), _few-flowered; leaves all tufted at the root, linear, terete, hollow_, with a partition lengthwise; lower lip of corolla slightly hairy; calyx-tube about as long as the lobes, in fruit much longer.--Borders of ponds (often immersed), N. Eng. to N. Penn., L. Superior, and northward. (Eu.)
ORDER 57. CAMPANULACEAE. (CAMPANULA FAMILY.)
_Herbs, with milky juice, alternate leaves, and scattered flowers; calyx adherent to the ovary; the regular 5-lobed corolla bell-shaped, valvate in the bud; the 5 stamens usually free from the corolla and distinct._--Style 1, usually beset with collecting hairs above; stigmas 2 or more. Capsule 2--several-celled, many-seeded. Seed small, anatropous, with a straight embryo in fleshy albumen. Flowers generally blue and showy.
1. SPECULARIA, Heister. VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASS.
Calyx 5- (or 3--4-) lobed. Corolla wheel-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, separate; the membranaceous hairy filaments shorter than the anthers. Stigmas 3. Capsule prismatic or elongated-oblong, 3-celled, opening by 3 small lateral valves.--Low annuals, with axillary blue or purplish flowers, in American species dimorphous, the earlier being cleistogamous. (Name from _Speculum Veneris_, the early name of the common European species.)
1. S. perfoliata, A. DC. Somewhat hairy (3--20' high); _leaves roundish or ovate, clasping by the heart-shaped base_, toothed; flowers sessile, solitary or 2--3 together in the axils, only the upper or later ones having a conspicuous and expanding corolla; _capsule oblong, short, straight, opening rather below the middle_; seeds lenticular.--Sterile open ground; common. May--Aug.
2. S. leptocarpa, Gray. Minutely hirsute or nearly glabrous (6--12' high); _leaves lanceolate_, with flowers closely sessile in their axils; calyx-lobes of lower flowers 3; _capsule nearly cylindrical (6--9'' long, 1'' thick), inclined to curve, opening by one or two uplifted valves near the summit_; seeds oblong.--W. Mo. and Ark. to Col. and W. Tex. Expanded corolla 6--9'' wide.
2. CAMPANULA, Tourn. BELLFLOWER.
Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla generally bell-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, separate; the filaments broad and membranaceous at the base. Stigmas and cells of the capsule 3 in our species, the short pod opening on the sides by as many valves or holes.--Herbs, with terminal or axillary flowers; in summer. (A diminutive of the Italian _campana_, a bell, from the shape of the corolla.)
[*] _Style straight; openings of capsule below the middle._
[+] _Coarse pubescent many-flowered European species, sparingly naturalized; perennial._
C. RAPUNCULOIDES, L. Smoothish, slender, erect; stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, the lower long-petioled and heart-shaped; flowers nodding, single in the axil of bracts, forming racemes; corolla oblong, 1' long.--Roadsides and fields, Canada and N. Eng. to Penn.
C. GLOMERATA, L. (CLUSTERED B.) Somewhat hairy, stout and erect, 1 deg. high; stem-leaves oblong or lanceolate, cordate-clasping; flowers sessile, clustered in the upper axils, forming a leafy head; corolla open-bell-shaped, 1' long.--Roadsides, E. Mass.
[+][+] _Slender perennials, mostly glabrous; flowers one or few, on slender peduncles._
1. C. rotundifolia, L. (HAREBELL.) Slender, branching (5--12' high), 1--10-flowered; _root-leaves round-heart-shaped_ or ovate, mostly toothed or crenate, long-petioled, early withering away; _stem-leaves_ numerous, _linear or narrowly lanceolate, entire, smooth; calyx-lobes awl-shaped_, from {1/3} to {2/3} the length of the bright-blue corolla (which is 6--9'' long); _capsule nodding_.--Rocky shaded banks, throughout the northern part of our range, and southward in the mountains.--A delicate and pretty species, but with a most inappropriate name, since the round root-leaves are rarely obvious. (Eu.)
Var. arctica, Lange. Stems more upright and rather rigid; lowest leaves spatulate; the very slender calyx-lobes soon spreading or deflexed; corolla {2/3}--1' long. (C. rotundifolia, var. linifolia, _of Man_.)--Shores of the Great Lakes, and northward. (Eu.)
Var. velutina, DC., has the whole herbage canescently pubescent.--Sand-hills of Burt Lake, Mich. (_E. J. Hill_).
2. C. aparinoides, Pursh. (MARSH BELLFLOWER.) _Stem simple and slender, weak_ (8--20' high), few-flowered, somewhat 3-angled, _rough backward on the angles, as are the_ slightly toothed _edges and midrib of the linear-lanceolate leaves; peduncles diverging_, slender; _lobes of the calyx triangular_, half the length of the bell-shaped nearly white corolla; _capsule erect_.--Wet grassy grounds, throughout our range. With somewhat the habit of a Galium.
3. C. divaricata, Michx. Very smooth; stem loosely branched (1--3 deg. high); _leaves oblong-lanceolate_, pointed at both ends, _coarsely and sharply toothed; flowers numerous_ on the branches of the large compound panicle; _calyx-lobes awl-shaped_, about half the length of the pale-blue small corolla (3'' long); style exserted.--Dry woods and rocks, mountains of Va., E. Ky., and southward.
[*][*] _Style declined and upwardly curved, much longer than the rotate corolla; openings of the capsule close to the summit; inflorescence spicate._
4. C. Americana, L. (TALL BELLFLOWER.) Annual; stem mostly simple (3--6 deg. high); leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, serrate, mostly on margined petioles, thin, somewhat hairy (21/2--6' long); spike 1--2 deg. long; corolla light blue, 1' broad.--Moist rich soil, western N. Y. to Minn., south to Ga. and Ark.
ORDER 58. ERICACEAE. (HEATH FAMILY.)
_Shrubs, sometimes herbs, with the flowers regular or nearly so; stamens as many or twice as many as the 4--5-lobed or 4--5-petalled corolla, free from but inserted with it; anthers 2-celled, commonly appendaged, or opening by terminal chinks or pores, introrse_ (except in Suborder 3); _style 1; ovary 3--10-celled_. Pollen compound, of 4 united grains (except in Suborder 4). Seeds small, anatropous. Embryo small, or sometimes minute, in fleshy albumen.--A large family, very various in many of the characters, comprising four well-marked suborders, as follows:--
SUBORDER I. Vaccinieae. (WHORTLEBERRY FAMILY.) Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary, which forms an edible berry or berry-like fruit, crowned with the short calyx-teeth. Anther-cells opening at the apex.--Shrubs or somewhat woody plants, with scaly buds.
1. Gaylussacia. Ovary 10-celled, with a single ovule in each cell. Fruit a berried drupe with 10 small seed-like nutlets.
2. Vaccinium. Berry 4--5-celled (or imperfectly 8--10-celled by false partitions), many-seeded. Anther-cells tapering upward into a tube.
3. Chiogenes. Berry 4-celled, many-seeded, its summit free. Anther-cells not prolonged into a tube, but each 2-pointed. Slender trailing evergreen.
SUBORDER II. Ericineae. (HEATH FAMILY proper.) Calyx free from the ovary. Corolla monopetalous, rarely polypetalous, hypogynous.--Shrubs or small trees.
Tribe I. ARBUTEAE. Fruit indehiscent, a berry or drupe. Corolla deciduous.
4. Arctostaphylos. Corolla urn-shaped. Drupe berry-like, 5--10-seeded.
Tribe II. ANDROMEDEAE. Fruit a loculicidal capsule (berry-like in n. 6). Corolla deciduous.
[*] Anther cells opening through their whole length, not appendaged.
5. Epigaea. Corolla salver-shaped. Calyx of 5 separate dry and pointed sepals.
[*][*] Anther-cells opening only at the top. Corolla not salver-shaped.
[+] Calyx becoming enlarged and berry-like in fruit.
6. Gaultheria. Calyx 5-cleft, in fruit enclosing the capsule. Anthers 4-awned at top.
[+][+] Calyx dry, not becoming fleshy after flowering.
[++] Corolla urceolate to cylindrical, 5-toothed; not heath-like.
7. Andromeda. Calyx valvate and very early open, naked. Capsule globular. Seeds mostly hanging on the central placenta.
8. Oxydendrum. Calyx short, early open, naked. Capsule oblong-pyramidal. Seeds all ascending. A small tree.
9. Leucothoe. Calyx slightly or much imbricated, naked or bibracteate. Corolla cylindraceous. Capsule depressed, 5-lobed, the valves entire.
10. Cassandra. Calyx of rigid imbricated ovate sepals, bibracteate. Corolla cylindraceous. Capsule splitting when ripe into an outer and inner layer, the inner of 10 valves.
[++][++] Corolla campanulate, 4--5-lobed or -parted; heath-like, with acerose imbricated leaves.
11. Cassiope. Calyx of ovate imbricated sepals. Capsule globular-ovoid, 4--5-valved, the valves 2-cleft.
Tribe III. ERICEAE. Corolla persistent, becoming scarious. Capsule septicidal.
12. Calluna. Corolla bell-shaped, 4-parted. Leaves minute, opposite, imbricate.
Tribe IV. RHODODENDREAE. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Corolla deciduous.
[*] Anther-cells opening by a hole or chink at the top.
[+] Flowers not from scaly buds; the bracts leaf-like or coriaceous.
13. Bryanthus. Corolla ovate or urn-shaped. Leaves narrow and heath-like.
14. Kalmia. Corolla broadly bell-shaped or wheel-shaped, with 10 pouches receiving as many anthers. Leaves oblong or linear.
[+][+] Flowers developed from large scaly buds, the scales or bracts caducous.
15. Menziesia. Corolla globular-bell-shaped, 4-toothed. Stamens 8. Leaves deciduous.
16. Rhododendron. Flowers usually 5-merous. Corolla bell-shaped or funnel-form, lobed or parted, often somewhat irregular. Leaves deciduous or evergreen.
17. Ledum. Corolla regular, all 5 petals nearly separate. Stamens 5--10. Leaves evergreen.
[*][*] Anther-cells opening lengthwise. Leaves evergreen. Bud-scales firm and persistent.
18. Leiophyllum. Corolla of 5 separate petals. Stamens 10, exserted.
19. Loiseleuria. Corolla deeply 5-cleft. Stamens 5, included.
SUBORDER III. Pyroleae. (PYROLA FAMILY.) Calyx free from the ovary. Corolla polypetalous. Anthers extrorse in the bud, opening by pores at the base (inverted in the flower). Seeds with a loose and translucent cellular coat much larger than the nucleus.
Tribe I. CLETHREAE. Shrubs or trees, with deciduous foliage (in ours). Pollen-grains simple. Capsule 3-celled.
20. Clethra. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10. Style 3-cleft at the apex.
Tribe II. PYROLEAE. Herbs or nearly so, with evergreen foliage. Pollen-grains compound. Capsules 5- (rarely 4-) celled.
21. Chimaphila. Stems leafy. Flowers corymbed or umbelled. Petals widely spreading. Style very short and top-shaped. Valves of the capsule smooth on the edges.
22. Moneses. Scape 1-flowered. Petals widely spreading. Style straight, exserted; stigma 5-rayed. Valves of the capsule smooth on the edges.
23. Pyrola. Acaulescent. Flowers in a raceme. Petals not widely spreading. Filaments awl-shaped. Style long. Valves of the capsule cobwebby on the edges.
SUBORDER IV. Monotropeae. (INDIAN-PIPE FAMILY.) Flowers nearly as in Suborders 2 or 3, but the plants herbaceous, root-parasitic, entirely destitute of green foliage, and with the aspect of Beech-drops. Seeds as in Suborder 3.
[*] Corolla monopetalous; anthers 2-celled.
24. Pterospora. Corolla ovate, 5-toothed; anthers 2-awned on the back, opening lengthwise.
25. Schweinitzia. Corolla broadly bell-shaped, 5-lobed; anthers opening at the top.
[*][*] Corolla of 4 or 5 separate petals; calyx imperfect or bract-like.
26. Monotropa. Petals narrow. Anthers kidney-shaped, opening across the top.
1. GAYLUSSACIA, HBK. HUCKLEBERRY.
Corolla tubular, ovoid, or bell-shaped; the border 5-cleft. Stamens 10; anthers awnless; the cells tapering upward into more or less of a tube, opening by a chink at the end. Fruit a berry-like drupe, containing 10 seed-like nutlets.--Branching shrubs, with the aspect of Vaccinium, commonly sprinkled with resinous dots; the flowers (white tinged with purple or red) in lateral and bracted racemes. (Named for the distinguished chemist, _Gay-Lussac_.)
[*] _Leaves thick and evergreen, somewhat serrate, not resinous-dotted._
1. G. brachycera, Gray. (BOX-HUCKLEBERRY.) Very smooth (1 deg. high); leaves oval, finely crenate-toothed; racemes short and nearly sessile; pedicels very short; corolla cylindrical-bell-shaped.--Wooded hills, Perry Co., Penn., to Del. and Va. May.--Leaves resembling those of the Box.
[*][*] _Leaves deciduous, entire, sprinkled more or less with resinous or waxy atoms._
2. G. dumosa, Torr. & Gray. (DWARF HUCKLEBERRY.) _Somewhat hairy_ and glandular, low (1--5 deg. high from a creeping base), bushy; _leaves_ obovate-oblong, _mucronate, green both sides_, rather thick and shining when old; racemes elongated; _bracts leaf-like, oval, persistent, as long as the pedicels; ovary bristly or glandular_; corolla bell-shaped, fruit black (insipid).--Var. HIRTELLA has the young branchlets, racemes, and often the leaves hairy.--Sandy swamps, Newf., along the coast to Fla. and La.; the var. chiefly southward. June.
3. G. frondosa, Torr. & Gray. (BLUE TANGLE. DANGLEBERRY.) _Smooth_ (3--6 deg. high); branches slender and divergent; _leaves_ obovate-oblong, blunt, _pale, glaucous beneath_; racemes slender, loose, _bracts oblong or linear, deciduous, shorter than the slender drooping pedicels_; corolla globular-bell-shaped; fruit dark blue with a white bloom (sweet and edible).--Low copses, coast of N. Eng. and mountains of Penn. to Ky., south to La. and Fla. May, June.
4. G. resinosa, Torr. & Gray. (BLACK HUCKLEBERRY.) Much branched, rigid, _slightly pubescent_ when young (1--3 deg. high), _leaves_ oval, oblong-ovate or oblong, thickly clothed and at first _clammy, as well as the flowers, with shining resinous globules_, racemes short, clustered, one-sided; pedicels about the length of the flowers; _bracts and bractlets (reddish) small and deciduous_, corolla ovoid-conical, or at length cylindrical with an open mouth; fruit black, without bloom (pleasant, very rarely white).--Rocky woodlands and swamps, Newf. to Minn., south to N. Ga. May, June.--The common _Huckleberry_ of the markets.
2. VACCINIUM, L. BLUEBERRY. BILBERRY. CRANBERRY.