Part 38

4. C. lanceolata, L. Smooth or hairy (1--2 deg. high), tufted, branched only at the base; leaves all entire (the lower rarely with a pair of small lateral lobes), lanceolate, the lowest oblanceolate or spatulate; outer scales ovate-lanceolate.--Rich or damp soil, Mich. and Ill. to Va., and southward. July. Also cultivated in gardens. Heads showy; rays 1' long.--Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Torr. & Gray, is a low form with crowded narrow leaves and elongated peduncles.--Var. VILLOSA, Michx., is hirsute below, the leaves rather broad.

5. C. grandiflora, Nutt. Mostly glabrous; lower leaves lanceolate and spatulate, entire, the _upper 3--5-parted with lanceolate to linear and sometimes 2--3-parted lobes_; heads as in the last or larger.--S. Mo. to Tex. and Ga.

6. C. pubescens, Ell. More leafy, 1--4 deg. high, pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves thickish, oblong or the lower oval-obovate and the upper oblong-lanceolate, entire or with 2--4 small lateral lobes; heads usually smaller.--Va. to S. Ill., Mo., and southward.

7. C. auriculata, Linn. Pubescent or glabrous; stems 1--4 deg. high, branching, sometimes with runners; leaves mostly petioled, the upper oblong or oval-lanceolate, entire; the lower oval or roundish, some of them variously 3--5-lobed or divided; outer scales oblong-linear or lanceolate; achenes narrowly winged and strongly involute.--Rich woods and banks, Va. to Ill., and southward. June--Sept.

Sec. 3. _Style-tips cuspidate; achenes oblong, nearly straight, without callus, the wing narrow or none; rays yellow, mostly entire or slightly toothed._

[*] _Outer scales narrow, about the length of the inner, all more or less united at base; rays mostly entire, acute; pappus 2-toothed or none; leaves opposite, sessile, mostly 3-divided, appearing as if whorled; perennial, 1--3 deg. high._

[+] _Leaves 3-cleft, but not to the base._

8. C. palmata, Nutt. Nearly smooth, simple; leaves broadly wedge-shaped, rigid; the lobes broadly linear, entire, or the middle one 3-lobed.--Prairies, Mich. to Minn., and southwestward. July.

[+][+] _Leaves divided to the base, uppermost and lowest sometimes simple._

9. C. senifolia, Michx. Plant minutely soft-pubescent; leaves each divided into 3 sessile _ovate-lanceolate entire leaflets_, therefore appearing like 6 in a whorl.--Sandy woods, Va. and southward. July.

Var. stellata, Torr. & Gray. Glabrous, and the leaves narrower.--Va., Ky., and southward.

10. C. delphinifolia, Lam. Glabrous or nearly so; leaves divided into 3 sessile _leaflets_ which are 2--5-_parted, their divisions lance-linear_ (1--3'' broad), rather rigid; disk brownish.--Pine woods, Va. and southward. July.

11. C. verticillata, L. Glabrous; leaves divided into 3 sessile _leaflets_ which are 1--2-_pinnately parted into narrowly linear or filiform divisions_.--Damp soil, from Ont. and Mich. to Md., Ark., and southward. Cultivated in old gardens, but not showy. July--Sept.

[*][*] _Outer scales narrow, shorter, all united at base; rays entire, obtuse; pappus none; leaves petiolate, pinnately 3--5-divided; perennial._

12. C. tripteris, L. (TALL COREOPSIS.) Smooth; stem simple (4--9 deg. high), corymbed at the top; leaflets lanceolate, acute, entire.--Penn. to Wisc., Iowa, and southward. Aug.--Sept.--Heads exhaling the odor of anise when bruised; disk turning brownish.

[*][*][*] _Scales mostly distinct, the outer leafy, reflexed or spreading; achenes flat, obovate or cuneate-oblong, 1-nerved on each face, 2-toothed or 2-awned (rarely 4-awned); leaves petiolate, usually pinnately 3--7-divided, the lobes serrate; annuals (or biennial), branching. Approaching_ Bidens.

[+] _Rays conspicuous, golden yellow._

[++] _Achenes cuneate, obscurely ciliate or naked; outer scales about 8._

13. C. aurea, Ait. Nearly glabrous, 1--3 deg. high; leaves variable, commonly 3--7-divided, or some or all undivided, the segments incisely serrate or lobed; _achenes broadly cuneate_, 1--2'' long, with 2 _very short blunt spreading teeth_.--Wet ground, Va. to Fl.

14. C. trichosperma, Michx. (TICKSEED SUNFLOWER.) Smooth, branched; leaves short-petioled, nearly all 3--7-divided; leaflets lanceolate or linear, cut-toothed, or the upper leaves only 3--5-cleft and almost sessile; heads panicled-corymbose; _achenes narrowly wedge-oblong or the inner ones wedge-linear_, about 4'' long, smooth or sparsely hairy, marginless, _crowned with 2 erect triangular or awl-shaped stout teeth_.--Swamps, Mass. to Va. near the coast. Also Buffalo, N. Y., to Ill., where is a var. TENUILOBA, Gray, with shorter achenes, approaching the last. Aug.--Oct.

[++][++] _Achenes obovate, very flat, with thin ciliate margins._

15. C. aristosa, Michx. Somewhat pubescent; leaves 1--2-pinnately 5--7-divided, petioled; leaflets lanceolate, cut-toothed or pinnatifid; heads panicled-corymbose; outer scales 8--10, not exceeding the inner, barely ciliate; _achenes_ with 2 (rarely 4) _long and slender diverging awns_ as long as the achene itself.--Swamps, Ohio to Mich., Minn., and southwestward. Aug.--Oct.--Var. MUTICA has two short divergent teeth or points in place of the awns.--W. Ill. and southwestward. Forms occur with the barbs of the awns spreading or retrorse, hybrids with _Bidens frondosa_ or other species.

16. C. involucrata, Nutt. Heads rather larger, the outer scales 12--20, mostly exceeding the inner, slender and hispid; achenes with 2 short acute teeth.--W. Ill. to Kan. and Tex.

[+][+] _Rays none, or rarely rudimentary; outer scales usually 3--5, loose, leafy, commonly surpassing the short-pedunculate heads; achenes narrowly cuneate; plants glabrous, 1--3 deg. high; leaves petiolate._

17. C. bidentoides, Nutt. Paniculately branched; _leaves undivided, lanceolate_, coarsely toothed, tapering at both ends; heads 6--10'' long; _achenes nearly subulate_, bearing a pair of _very slender_ upwardly roughened _awns surpassing the corolla_ (4'' long), but shorter than the achene, often also 2 minute teeth alternate with the awns.--Shores of Delaware River, near Philad., and Delaware Bay, to Md. Hybridizes with _Bidens frondosa_.

18. C. discoidea, Torr. & Gray. Diffusely branched, 1--2 deg. high; _leaves ternately divided_, slender-petioled; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, pointed, coarsely serrate; heads 2--3'' long; _achenes linear-wedge-shaped_ (2--3'' long), bearing a pair of _short and stout_ upwardly-barbed _awns of the length of the corolla_.--Wet banks and swamps, Conn. to Ohio, Ill., and southward. July.

56. BIDENS, L. BUR-MARIGOLD.

Heads many-flowered; the rays when present 3--8, neutral. Involucre double, the outer commonly large and foliaceous. Receptacle flattish; the chaff deciduous with the fruit. Achenes flattened parallel with the scales of the involucre, or slender and 4-sided, crowned with 2 or more rigid and persistent awns which are downwardly barbed.--Annual or perennial herbs, with opposite various leaves, and mostly yellow flowers. (Latin, _bidens_, two-toothed.)

[*] _Achenes flat, not tapering at the summit; outer involucre foliaceous; annuals._

[+] _Heads erect, nearly rayless; leaves mostly petiolate._

1. B. frondosa, L. (COMMON BEGGAR-TICKS. STICK-TIGHT.) Smooth or rather hairy, tall (2--6 deg. high), branching, _leaves 3--5-divided; leaflets mostly stalked_, lanceolate, pointed, coarsely toothed; outer involucre much longer than the head, ciliate below; _achenes wedge-obovate, 2-awned, ciliate_ (the bristles ascending except near the summit).--Moist waste places; a coarse troublesome weed, the achenes, as in the other species, adhering to clothing, etc., by their retrorsely barbed awns. Hybrids occur with _Coreopsis aristosa_ and other species. July--Oct.

2. B. connata, Muhl. (SWAMP BEGGAR-TICKS.) Smooth (1--2 deg. high); _leaves lanceolate_ or oblong-lanceolate, pointed, sharply serrate, tapering into margined slightly united petioles; _the lower often 3-divided, their lateral divisions united at the base and decurrent on the petiole_; outer scales longer than the head, few, mostly obtuse; _rays none; achenes narrowly wedge-form, 3- (2--4-) awned, the margins minutely retrorsely ciliate_.--E. New Eng. to Minn., and southward.--Var. COMOSA, Gray, is stouter, the leaves commonly all simple, upper ones nearly sessile, the heads larger and with very leafy involucre. Ill., Ky., and westward. Aug.--Oct.--Var. PINNATA, Watson; leaves nearly all pinnately divided, the 5--7 narrow divisions sparingly incised; achenes 4-awned. Hennepin Co., Minn. (_F. L. Conillard_).

[+][+] _Heads somewhat nodding, commonly radiate; leaves sessile, undivided._

3. B. cernua, L. (SMALLER BUR-MARIGOLD.) Nearly smooth (5'--3 deg. high), _leaves lanceolate, unequally serrate, scarcely connate; heads_ nodding, _with or without_ (light yellow) _rays_; outer involucre longer than the head; achenes wedge-obovate, 4-awned, the margins downwardly barbed.--Wet places, N. Eng. to Va., Mo., Minn., and northward. July--Sept.--Rays, if any, smaller than in n. 4, and the outer involucre more leaf-like. (Eu.)

4. B. chrysanthemoides, Michx. (LARGER BUR-MARIGOLD.) Smooth, erect, or reclining at the base (6'--2 deg. high); _leaves lanceolate_, tapering at both ends, more or less connate, _regularly serrate_; outer involucre mostly shorter than the _showy golden-yellow (1' long) rays_; achenes wedge-shaped, with almost prickly downwardly barbed margins; awns 2, 3, or 4.--Swamps; common. Aug.--Oct.

[*][*] _Achenes linear, 4-sided, the inner longer and tapering upward._

5. B. bipinnata, L. (SPANISH NEEDLES.) Smooth annual, branched; leaves 1--3-pinnately parted, petioled; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, mostly wedge-shaped at the base; heads small, on slender peduncles; outer involucre of linear scales equalling the short pale yellow rays, achenes 4-grooved and angled, nearly smooth, 3--4-awned.--Damp soil, R. I. to N. Y., Ill., and southward.

[*][*][*] _Achenes terete, truncate at both ends, with 3--6 very long awns smooth below._

6. B. Beckii, Torr. (WATER MARIGOLD.) Aquatic, perhaps perennial, smooth; stems long and slender; immersed leaves crowded, capillary, many times dissected, the few emerging ones lanceolate, slightly connate, toothed; heads single, short-peduncled; involucre much shorter than the showy (golden yellow) rays; achenes thickish, smooth (1/2' long), the stout divergent awns (1' long) barbed only toward the apex.--Ponds and slow deep streams, Mass. to N. J., Mo., and northward. Aug.--Oct.

57. THELESPERMA, Less.

Heads many-flowered; rays about 8, neutral, or none. Involucre as in Coreopsis, the inner connate to the middle, scarious-margined. Receptacle flat, the scarious chaff falling with the nearly terete wingless and beakless achenes; pappus of 2 stout subulate retrorsely hispid awns.--Smooth herbs, with opposite dissected leaves and pedunculate heads of yellow flowers. (From [Greek: thele/], _a nipple_, and [Greek: spe/rma], _seed_, on account of the papillose achenes.)

1. T. gracile, Gray. Perennial, rather rigid, 1--2 deg. high; leaves with narrow or filiform divisions or the upper entire; outer scales very short; rays short or usually none; achenes papillose.--Kan., south and westward.

58. BALDWINIA, Nutt.

Heads globular, many-flowered, radiate, the long and narrowly wedge-shaped rays neutral. Involucre short, of many thickish small scales imbricated in 3 or 4 rows, the outer obovate and obtuse. Receptacle strongly convex, with deep honeycomb-like cells containing the obconical or oblong silky-villous achenes; pappus of 7--9 lance-oblong erect chaffy scales.--A perennial herb, smoothish, with slender simple stems (2--3 deg. high), bearing alternate oblanceolate leaves, and a large showy long-pedunculate head. Rays yellow (1' long); the disk often turning dark purple. (Named for the late _Dr. William Baldwin_.)

1. B. uniflora, Nutt.--Borders of swamps, Va. (?) and southward. Aug.

59. MARSHALLIA, Schreb.

Heads many-flowered; flowers all tubular and perfect, the corolla-lobes slender and spreading. Involucral scales linear-lanceolate, foliaceous, erect, in one or two rows, nearly equal. Receptacle convex or conical, with narrowly linear rigid chaff. Achenes top-shaped, 5-angled; pappus of 5 or 6 membranaceous and pointed chaffy scales.--Smooth and low perennials, with alternate entire 3-nerved leaves, and long-pedunculate heads (like those of a Scabious) terminating the simple stem or branches. Flowers purplish; anthers blue. (Named for _Humphrey Marshall_, of Pennsylvania, author of _Arbustum Americanum_, one of the earliest works on the trees and shrubs of this country.)

1. M. latifolia, Pursh. Stems leafy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, sessile.--Dry soil, Va. and southward.

2. M. caespitosa, Nutt. Stem commonly leafy only at base; leaves narrowly oblanceolate to linear or the radical spatulate, obtuse.--Kan. to Tex.

60. GALINSOGA, Ruiz & Pavon.

Heads several-flowered, radiate; rays 4--5, small, roundish, pistillate. Involucre of 4 or 5 ovate thin scales. Receptacle conical, with narrow chaff. Achenes angled; pappus of small oblong cut-fringed chaffy scales (sometimes wanting).--Annual herbs, with opposite triple-nerved thin leaves, and small heads; disk yellow; rays whitish. (Named for _Galinsoga_, a Spanish botanist.)

G. PARVIFLORA, Cav. Smoothish (1 deg. high); leaves ovate, acute, somewhat toothed; scales of the pappus 8--16.--Waste places, especially eastward; spreading from year to year. (Adv. from S. Amer.)

61. HYMENOPAPPUS, L'Her.

Heads many-flowered; flowers all tubular and perfect, with large revolute corolla-lobes. Involucral scales 6--12, loose and broad, thin, the upper part petal-like (usually white). Receptacle small, naked. Achenes top-shaped, with a slender base, striate; pappus of 15--20 blunt scales in a single row, very thin (whence the name of the genus, from [Greek: y(me/n], _membrane_, and [Greek: pa/ppos], _pappus_.)--Biennial or perennial herbs, with alternate mostly dissected leaves, and corymbed small heads of usually whitish flowers.

[*] _Pappus of very small roundish nerveless scales._

1. H. scabiosaeus, L'Her. Somewhat flocculent-woolly when young, leafy to the top (1--3 deg. high); leaves 1--2-pinnately parted into linear or oblong lobes; involucral scales roundish, mainly whitish.--Sandy barrens, Ill. and southward. May, June.

2. H. corymbosus, Torr. & Gray. More slender, glabrate, naked above; scales obovate-oblong, petaloid at apex.--Neb. to Ark. and Tex.

[*][*] _Pappus of conspicuous spatulate 1-nerved scales; involucre greener._

3. H. tenuifolius, Pursh. Slightly tomentose or glabrate, leafy, 1--2 deg. high; divisions of the leaves narrowly linear or filiform, revolute; involucral scales obovate-oblong; achenes long-villous.--Neb. to Ark. and Tex.

62. ACTINELLA, Pers., Nutt.

Heads many-flowered; rays several, wedge-oblong, 3-toothed, pistillate. Scales of the hemispherical involucre ovate or lanceolate, membranaceous or coriaceous, nearly equal, appressed in 2 or 3 ranks, little shorter than the disk. Receptacle hemispherical or conical, naked. Achenes top-shaped, densely silky-villous; pappus of 5 or more ovate or lanceolate very thin chaffy scales.--Low herbs, with narrow alternate leaves, dotted or sprinkled with resinous atoms as in the next genus and bitter-aromatic; the solitary heads terminating scapes or slender naked peduncles; flowers yellow. (Name a diminutive of _Actinea_, from [Greek: a)kti/s], _ray_.)

[*] _Involucre of numerous distinct not rigid scales; leaves entire._

1. A. linearifolia, Torr. & Gray. Annual or biennial, villous or glabrate, 1 deg. high or less, simple or branched; leaves linear; peduncles filiform.--S. Kan. to La., and Tex.

2. A. acaulis, Nutt. Perennial, densely cespitose, the branches of the caudex short and thick, with scape-like peduncles, canescently villous or silky; leaves spatulate to linear, short.--Hills and plains bordering the Rocky Mts. and scarcely reaching our limits; the var. GLABRA, Gray (A. scaposa, var. glabra, _Man._), a greener glabrate form, has been found on an Indian mound near Joliet, Ill. The less densely cespitose A. SCAPOSA, Nutt., more loosely villous and the caudex with more slender branches, is probably in S. Kan.

[*][*] _Scales rigid, in 2 rows, the outer connate at base; leaves ternately parted._

3. A. odorata, Gray. Annual, 1--2 deg. high, branching, leafy, somewhat floccose-woolly; heads small, scattered; leaves 1--3-pinnately divided, the lobes filiform.--Central Kan. to Tex., and westward.

63. HELENIUM, L. SNEEZE-WEED.

Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays several, wedge-shaped, 3--5-cleft, fertile or rarely sterile. Involucre small, reflexed, the scales linear or awl-shaped. Receptacle globose or oblong, naked. Achenes top-shaped, ribbed; pappus of 5--8 thin and 1-nerved chaffy scales, the nerve usually extended into a bristle or point.--Erect, branching herbs (ours perennial), with alternate leaves decurrent on the angled stem and branches, which are terminated by single or corymbed (yellow, rarely purple) heads; often sprinkled with bitter aromatic resinous globules. (The Greek name of some plant, said to be named after _Helenus_, son of Priam.)

1. H. nudiflorum, Nutt. Somewhat puberulent, 1--3 deg. high; leaves narrowly lanceolate or oblong to linear, entire, or the radical spatulate and dentate; heads mostly small; disk brownish, globose; ray yellow or partly brown-purple, sterile (neutral or style abortive), shorter than or exceeding the disk. (Leptopoda brachypoda, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Ill. and Mo. to N. Car. and Tex.; nat. near Philadelphia. Hybridizes with the next. June--Aug.

2. H. autumnale, L. Nearly smooth, 1--6 deg. high; leaves mostly toothed, lanceolate to ovate-oblong; heads larger (about 6'' broad); disk yellow; ray fertile, yellow.--Alluvial river-banks and wet ground, Conn. to Minn., south and westward. Sept.

64. GAILLARDIA, Foug.

Heads many-flowered; rays 3-cleft or -toothed, neutral or sometimes fertile, or none. Involucral scales in 2--3 rows, the outer larger, loose and foliaceous. Receptacle convex to globose, beset with bristle-like or subulate or short and soft chaff. Achenes top-shaped, 5-costate, villous; pappus of 5--10 long thin scales, awn-tipped by the excurrent nerve.--Erect herbs with alternate leaves and large showy heads of yellow or purplish fragrant flowers on terminal or scapiform peduncles. (Named after _Gaillard de Merentonneau_.)

1. G. simplex, Scheele. Annual; leaves all radical, usually spatulate, pinnatifid to entire; head globose on a naked scape, usually rayless.--S. Kan. to Tex.

2. G. lanceolata, Michx. Annual, leafy-stemmed, branched, 1--2 deg. high, finely pubescent; leaves oblanceolate to linear, mostly entire; rays rather few or none; chaff very short or obsolete.--S. Kan. to Tex. and Fla.

3. G. aristata, Pursh. Perennial, hirsute, often 2 deg. high; leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate, broad or narrow, entire to coarsely pinnatifid; rays usually numerous and long; chaff bristly or subulate.--Dak., west and southward.

65. DYSODIA, Cav. FETID MARIGOLD.

Heads many-flowered, usually radiate; rays pistillate. Involucre of one row of scales united into a firm cup, at the base some loose bractlets. Receptacle flat, not chaffy, but beset with short chaffy bristles. Achenes slender, 4-angled; pappus a row of chaffy scales dissected into numerous rough bristles.--Herbs, mostly annuals or biennials, dotted with large pellucid glands, which give a strong odor (as in Tagetes, the FRENCH MARIGOLD of the gardens, which belongs to the same group); heads terminating the branches; flowers yellow. (Name [Greek: dysodi/a], _an ill smell_, which the plants exemplify.)

1. D. chrysanthemoides, Lag. Nearly smooth, diffusely branched (6--18' high); leaves opposite, pinnately parted, the narrow lobes bristly-toothed or cut; rays few, scarcely exceeding the involucre.--Roadsides, and banks of rivers, Minn. to Ill., Tenn., and southwestward. Aug.--Oct.

66. ANTHEMIS, L. CHAMOMILE.

Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays pistillate or (in n. 1) neutral. Involucre hemispherical, of many small imbricated dry and scarious scales shorter than the disk. Receptacle conical, with slender chaff at least near the summit. Achenes terete or ribbed, glabrous, truncate; pappus none or a minute crown.--Branching strong-scented herbs, with finely pinnately dissected leaves and solitary terminal heads; rays white; disk yellow. ([Greek: A)nthemi/s], the ancient Greek name of the Chamomile.)

A. COTULA, DC. (MAY-WEED.) Annual, acrid; rays mostly neutral; receptacle without chaff near the margin; pappus none; leaves finely 3-pinnately dissected. (Maruta Cotula, _DC._)--Common by roadsides. (Nat. from Eu.)

A. ARVENSIS, L. (CORN CHAMOMILE.) Pubescent _annual or biennial_, resembling May-weed, but not ill-scented; leaves less finely 1--2-pinnately parted; chaff of the receptacle lanceolate, pointed; pappus a minute border.--Waste places; rare. (Adv. from Eu.)

A. NOBILIS, L. (GARDEN CHAMOMILE.) More downy and _perennial_, pleasantly strong-scented; sterile shoots depressed or creeping; leaves very finely dissected; chaff of the receptacle blunt; pappus none.--Established near Lewiston, Delaware, _Nuttall._ (Adv. from Eu.)

67. ACHILLEA, L. YARROW.

Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays few, fertile. Involucral scales imbricated, with scarious margins. Receptacle chaffy, flattish. Achenes oblong, flattened, margined; pappus none.--Perennial herbs, with small corymbose heads. (So named because its virtues are said to have been discovered by _Achilles_.)

1. A. Millefolium, L. (COMMON YARROW or MILFOIL.) Stems simple; _leaves twice-pinnately parted_; the divisions linear, 3--5-cleft, crowded; corymb compound, flat-topped; _involucre oblong; rays 4--5, short_, white (sometimes rose-color).--Fields and hills; common. Green and more glabrate in fields in the Atlantic States, and perhaps in such cases introduced. Aug. (Eu.)

A. PTARMICA, L. (SNEEZEWORT.) _Leaves simple, lance-linear_, sharply serrate with appressed teeth; corymb loose; _rays 8--12, much longer than the broader campanulate involucre_; flowers white.--Mass., Mich., etc.; rare. Apparently indigenous on the Lower St. Lawrence. (Adv. from Eu.)

68. MATRICARIA, Tourn. WILD CHAMOMILE.

Heads many-flowered; rays pistillate, or wanting. Scales of the involucre imbricated, with scarious margins. Receptacle conical, at least in fruit, naked. Achenes 3--5-ribbed, wingless; pappus a membranaceous crown or border, or none.--Smooth and branching herbs (ours annuals or biennials) with finely divided leaves and single or corymbed heads. Rays white or none; disk yellow. (Named for reputed medicinal virtues.)

M. INODORA, L. Leaves twice-pinnately divided into fine almost filiform lobes; _heads large_, naked-peduncled, and _with many long rays_; achenes strongly 3-ribbed; pappus a short crown or border.--(Wild far northward.) Roadsides, Eastport, Maine, _Prof. Verrill_. Aug. (Adv. from Eu.)

M. DISCOIDEA, DC. Low (6--9' high); leaves 2--3-pinnately parted into short linear lobes; _heads rayless_, short-peduncled; scales oval, with broad margins, much shorter than the conical disk; achenes more terete; pappus obsolete.--Banks of the Mississippi opposite St. Louis. An immigrant from Oregon, extending eastward and becoming naturalized near railroad stations; also established in N. Europe. July--Sept.

69. CHRYSANTHEMUM, Tourn. OX-EYE DAISY.

Heads many-flowered; rays numerous, fertile. Scales of the broad and flat involucre imbricated, with scarious margins. Receptacle flat or convex, naked. Disk-corollas with a flattened tube. Achenes of disk and ray similar, striate, without pappus.--Perennial herbs, with toothed, pinnatifid, or divided leaves, and single or corymbed heads. Rays white; disk yellow. (Old Greek name, [Greek: chrysa/nthemon], i.e. golden flower.)