Part 32
6. V. Baldwinii, Torr. Tomentulose; heads small, at first globose; leaves lance-oblong or -ovate; involucre hoary-tomentose, greenish, squarrose, the scales acute or acuminate.--Prairies and barren hills; E. Mo. to Kan. and Tex. July, Aug. Passes into n. 4.
3. SCLEROLEPIS, Cass.
Head discoid, many-flowered; flowers perfect. Involucral scales linear, equal, in 1 or 2 rows. Receptacle naked. Corolla 5-toothed. Achenes 5-angled; pappus a single row of 5 almost horny oval and obtuse scales.--A smooth perennial, with simple stems, rooting at the base, linear entire leaves in whorls of 4--6, and a terminal head of flesh-colored flowers. (Name composed of [Greek: sklero/s], _hard_, and [Greek: lepi/s], _a scale_, from the pappus.)
1. S. verticillata, Cass.--In water; pine barrens, New Jersey and southward. Aug.
4. MIKANIA, Willd. CLIMBING HEMP-WEED.
Heads discoid, 4-flowered. Involucre of 4 scales. Receptacle small. Flowers, achenes, etc., as in Eupatorium.--Twining perennials, climbing bushes, with opposite commonly heart-shaped and petioled leaves, and corymbose-panicled flesh-colored flowers. (Named for _Prof. Mikan_, of Prague.)
1. M. scandens, L. Nearly smooth, twining; leaves somewhat triangular-heart-shaped or halberd-form, pointed, toothed at the base.--Copses along streams, E. New Eng. to Ky., and southward. July--Sept.
5. EUPATORIUM, Tourn. THOROUGHWORT.
Heads discoid, 3--many-flowered; flowers perfect. Involucre cylindrical or bell-shaped, of more than 4 scales. Receptacle flat or conical, naked. Corolla 5-toothed. Achenes 5-angled; pappus a single row of slender capillary barely roughish bristles.--Erect perennial herbs, often sprinkled with bitter resinous dots, with generally corymbose heads of white, bluish, or purple blossoms, appearing near the close of summer. (Dedicated to _Eupator Mithridates_, who is said to have used a species of the genus in medicine.)
Sec. 1. EUPATORIUM proper. _Receptacle flat._
[*] _Heads cylindrical, 5--15-flowered; the purplish scales numerous, closely imbricated in several rows, of unequal length, slightly striate; stout herbs, with ample mostly whorled leaves, and flesh-colored flowers._
1. E. purpureum, L. (JOE-PYE WEED. TRUMPET-WEED.) Stems tall and stout, simple; leaves 3--6 in a whorl, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, pointed, very veiny, roughish, toothed; corymbs very dense and compound.--Varies greatly in size (2--12 deg. high), etc., and with spotted or unspotted, often dotted stems, etc.,--including several nominal species.--Low grounds; common.
Var. amoenum, Gray. Low; leaves fewer, ovate or oblong; heads few, 3--5-flowered.--Mountains of Va. and N. Y.
[*][*] _Heads 3--20-flowered; involucre 8--15 more or less imbricated and unequal scales, the outer ones shorter; flowers white._
[+] _Leaves all alternate, mostly dissected; heads panicled, very small, 3--5-flowered._
2. E. foeniculaceum, Willd. (DOG-FENNEL.) Smooth or nearly so, paniculately much-branched (3--10 deg. high); leaves 1--2-pinnately parted, filiform.--Va., near the coast, and southward. Adv. near Philadelphia.
[+][+] _Leaves long-petioled, the upper ones alternate; heads 12--15-flowered, in compound corymbs._
3. E. serotinum, Michx. Stem pulverulent-pubescent, bushy-branched (3--7 deg. high); leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a point, triple-nerved and veiny, coarsely serrate (3--6' long); involucre very pubescent.--Alluvial ground, Md. to Minn., E. Kan., and southward.
[+][+][+] _Leaves sessile or nearly so, with a narrow base, mostly opposite; heads mostly 5-flowered._
[=] _Involucral scales with white and scarious acute tips._
4. E. album, L. _Roughish-hairy_ (2 deg. high), _leaves oblong-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, veiny_; heads clustered in the corymb; _involucral scales_ closely imbricated, rigid, narrowly lanceolate, _longer than the flowers_.--Sandy and barren places, pine barrens of Long Island to Va., and southward.
Var. subvenosum, Gray. Less rough; leaves 1--2' long, finely toothed and less veiny.--Long Island and N. J.
5. E. leucolepis, Torr. & Gray. Minutely pubescent, simple (1--2 deg. high); _leaves linear-lanceolate, closely sessile, 1-nerved_, obtuse, _minutely serrate, rough both sides_; corymb hoary.--Sandy bogs, Long Island, N. J., and southward.
[=][=] _Scales not scarious or obscurely so, obtuse, at length shorter than the flowers._
6. E. hyssopifolium, L. Minutely pubescent (1--2 deg. high); _leaves narrow, linear or lanceolate_, elongated, obtuse, 1--3-nerved, entire, or the lower toothed, often crowded in the axils, _acute at the base_.--Sterile soil, Mass. to Va., E. Ky., and southward.
Var. laciniatum, Gray. Leaves irregularly and coarsely toothed or laciniate.--Penn., Ky., and southward.
7. E. semiserratum, DC. Minutely velvety-pubescent, branching (2--3 deg. high); _leaves lanceolate or oblong, triple-ribbed and veiny_, serrate above the middle, _tapering to the base_, the lower slightly petioled; heads small. (E. parviflorum, _Ell._)--Damp soil, Va. to Ark., and southward.--Leaves sometimes whorled in threes, or the upper alternate.
8. E. altissimum, L. Stem stout and tall (3--7 deg. high), _downy; leaves lanceolate, tapering at both ends, conspicuously 3-nerved_, entire, or toothed above the middle, the uppermost alternate; corymbs dense; _scales of the involucre obtuse_, shorter than the flowers.--Dry soil, Penn. to Minn. and Ky.--Leaves 3--4' long, somewhat like those of a Solidago.
[+][+][+][+] _Leaves sessile or nearly so, with a broad base, opposite or in threes; heads pubescent._
[=] _Heads 5--8-flowered; leaves not clasping._
9. E. teucrifolium, Willd. Roughish-pubescent (2--8 deg. high); _leaves ovate-oblong and ovate-lanceolate_, obtuse or truncate at base, slightly triple-nerved, veiny, _coarsely toothed or incised toward the base, the lower shortly petioled, the upper alternate_; branches of the corymb few, unequal; _scales of the involucre oblong-lanceolate, at length shorter than the flowers_.--Low grounds, Mass. to Va., and southward near the coast.
10. E. rotundifolium, L. Downy-pubescent (2 deg. high); _leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse_, truncate or slightly heart-shaped at the base, deeply crenate-toothed, triple-nerved, veiny, roughish (1--2' long); corymb large and dense; _scales of the (5-flowered) involucre linear-lanceolate_, slightly pointed.--Dry soil, R. I. to Va., near the coast, and southward.
Var. ovatum, Torr. Usually taller, leaves ovate, acute, hardly truncate at base, more strongly serrate; heads 5--8-flowered. (E. pubescens, _Muhl._)--Mass. to Va., near the coast.
11. E. sessilifolium, L. (UPLAND BONESET.) Stem tall (4--6 deg. high), _smooth_, branching; _leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, tapering from near the rounded sessile base to the sharp point_, serrate, veiny, smooth (3--6' long); corymb very compound, pubescent; _scales of the 5-flowered involucre oval and oblong, obtuse_.--Copses and banks, Mass. to Ill., and southward along the mountains.
[=][=] _Leaves opposite, clasping or united at the base, long, widely spreading; heads mostly 10--15-flowered; corymbs very compound and large._
12. E. perfoliatum, L. (THOROUGHWORT. BONESET.) Stem stout (2--4 deg. high), _hairy; leaves lanceolate, united at the base around the stem_ (connate-perfoliate), tapering to a slender point, serrate, very veiny, wrinkled, downy beneath (5--8' long); scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate.--Low grounds; common and well-known.--Varies with the heads 30--40-flowered, or with some or all of the leaves separated and truncate at base.
Var. cuneatum, Engelm. Leaves smaller, narrowed at base and separate, and heads fewer-flowered. Perhaps a hybrid with n. 7.--Mo. and southward.
13. E. resinosum, Torr. _Minutely velvety-downy_ (2--3 deg. high); _leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated_, serrate, _partly clasping_, tapering to the point, slightly veiny beneath (4--6' long); scales of the involucre oval, obtuse.--Wet pine barrens, N. J.--Name from the copious resinous globules of the leaves.
[*][*][*] _Heads 8--30-flowered; involucral scales nearly equal, in one row; leaves opposite, ovate, petioled, triple-nerved, not resinous-dotted; flowers white._
14. E. ageratoides, L. (WHITE SNAKE-ROOT.) Smooth, branching (3 deg. high); _leaves broadly ovate, pointed, coarsely and sharply toothed, long-petioled_, thin (3--5' long); corymbs compound.--Rich woods; common northward.
15. E. aromaticum, L. Smooth or slightly downy; stems nearly simple; _leaves on short petioles, ovate, rather obtusely toothed, not pointed_, thickish.--Copses, Mass. to Va., and southward, near the coast.--Lower and more slender than n. 14, with fewer, but usually larger heads; not aromatic.
Sec. 2. CONOCLINIUM. _Receptacle conical; involucral scales nearly equal, somewhat imbricated._
16. E. coelestinum, L. (MIST-FLOWER.) Somewhat pubescent (1--2 deg. high), leaves opposite, petiolate, triangular-ovate and slightly heart-shaped, coarsely and bluntly toothed; heads many-flowered, in compact cymes; flowers blue or violet. (Conoclinium coelestinum, _DC._)--Rich soil, N. J. to Mich., Ill., and southward. Sept.
6. KUHNIA, L.
Heads discoid, 10--25-flowered; flowers perfect. Involucral scales thin, few and loosely imbricated, narrow, striate-nerved. Corolla slender, 5-toothed. Achenes cylindrical, 10-striate; pappus a single row of very plumose (white) bristles.--A perennial herb, resinous-dotted, with mostly alternate leaves, and paniculate-corymbose heads of cream-colored flowers. (Dedicated to _Dr. Kuhn_, of Pennsylvania, who carried the living plant to Linnaeus.)
1. K. eupatorioides, L. Stems 2--3 deg. high; pubescence minute; leaves varying from broadly lanceolate and toothed, to linear and entire.--Dry soil, N. J. to Minn., E. Kan., and southward. Sept. Very variable.--Var. CORYMBULOSA, Torr. & Gray, is a western form, stouter and somewhat more pubescent, the heads rather crowded.
7. BRICKELLIA, Ell.
Characters as in Kuhnia; involucral scales more numerous, and the bristles of the pappus merely scabrous or at the most barbellate or subplumose; leaves often all opposite. (_Dr. John Brickell_ of Georgia, correspondent of Elliott and Muhlenberg.)
1. B. grandiflora, Nutt. Nearly glabrous, 2--3 deg. high; leaves deltoid, cordate, the upper deltoid-lanceolate, coarsely dentate-serrate, acuminate, 4' long or less; heads about 40-flowered.--Shannon Co., Mo. (_Bush_), Kan. to Col., New Mex., and westward.
8. LIATRIS, Schreb. BUTTON SNAKEROOT. BLAZING-STAR.
Head discoid, few--many-flowered; flowers perfect. Involucral scales well imbricated, appressed. Receptacle naked. Corolla 5-lobed, the lobes long and slender. Achenes slender, tapering to the base, 10-ribbed. Pappus of 15--40 capillary bristles, manifestly plumose or only barbellate.--Perennial herbs, often resinous-dotted, with simple stems from a roundish corm or tuber, rigid alternate narrow entire leaves (sometimes twisted so as to become vertical), and spicate or racemed heads of handsome rose-purple flowers, appearing late in summer or in autumn. (Derivation of the name unknown.)
[*] _Pappus very plumose; scales of the 5-flowered involucre with ovate or lanceolate spreading petal-like (purple or sometimes white) tips, exceeding the flowers._
1. L. elegans, Willd. Stem (2--3 deg. high) and involucre hairy; leaves linear, short and spreading; spike or raceme compact (3--20' long).--Barren soil, Va. and southward.
[*][*] _Pappus very plumose; scales of the cylindrical many-flowered involucre imbricated in many rows, the tips rigid, not petal-like; corolla-lobes hairy within._
2. L. squarrosa, Willd. (BLAZING-STAR, etc.) Often hairy (6'--2 deg. high); leaves rigid, linear, elongated; heads usually few (1' long); _scales mostly with elongated and leaf-like spreading tips._--Dry soil, Penn. to Minn., and southward.--Var. INTERMEDIA, DC. Heads narrow; scales shorter, erect or nearly so.--Ont. to Neb. and Tex.
3. L. cylindracea, Michx. Commonly smooth (6--18' high); leaves linear; _heads_ few (1/2--{2/3}' long); _scales with short and rounded abruptly mucronate appressed tips._--Dry open places, Niagara Falls to Minn. and Mo.
[*][*][*] _Pappus very plumose; heads 4--6-flowered; scales acuminate; corolla-lobes naked._
4. L. punctata, Hook. Stout (10--30' high), from a branching or globose rootstock; leaves narrowly linear or the upper acerose, rigid; heads usually many in a dense spike.--Minn. to Kan., and southward.
[*][*][*][*] _Pappus not obviously plumose to the naked eye; corolla-lobes smooth inside._
5. L. scariosa, Willd. Stem stout (2--5 deg. high), pubescent or hoary; _leaves_ (smooth, rough, or pubescent) _lanceolate_; the lowest _oblong-lanceolate or obovate-oblong_, tapering into a petiole; heads few or many, large, 25--40-flowered; _scales of the broad or depressed involucre obovate or spatulate, very numerous, with dry and scarious often colored tips or margins._--Dry soil, New Eng. to Minn., and southward.--Widely variable; heads 1' or less in diameter.
6. L. pycnostachya, Michx. Hairy or smoothish; stem stout (3--5 deg. high), very leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, the upper very narrowly linear; _spike thick and dense_ (6--20' long), heads about 5-flowered (1/2' long); _scales of the cylindrical involucre oblong or lanceolate, with recurved or spreading colored tips_.--Prairies, from Ind. to Minn., and southward.
7. L. spicata, Willd. Smooth or somewhat hairy; stems very leafy, stout (2--5 deg. high); leaves linear, the lower 3--5-nerved; heads 8--12-flowered ({1/3}--1/2' long), crowded in a long spike; _scales of the cylindrical-bell-shaped involucre oblong or oval, obtuse, appressed, with slight margins; achenes pubescent or smoothish_.--Moist grounds; common from Mass. to Minn., and southward.--Involucre often resinous, very smooth.
Var. montana, Gray. Low and stout; leaves broader, obtuse; spike short and heads large.--Mountain-tops, Va., and southward.
8. L. graminifolia, Willd. Hairy or smoothish; stem (1--3 deg. high) slender, leafy; leaves linear, elongated, 1-nerved; heads several or numerous, in a spike or raceme, 7--12-flowered; _scales of the obconical or obovoid involucre spatulate or oblong, obtuse, or somewhat pointed, rigid, appressed; achenes hairy_.--Va. and southward.--Inflorescence sometimes panicled, especially in
Var. dubia, Gray. Scales of the involucre narrower and less rigid, oblong, often ciliate.--Wet pine barrens, N. J., and southward.
9. TRILISA, Cass.
Heads discoid, 5--10-flowered; flowers perfect. Involucral scales nearly equal, little imbricated. Receptacle naked. Corolla-lobes short-ovate or oblong. Achenes 10-ribbed; pappus of rather rigid bristles, not plumose.--Perennial herbs, fibrous-rooted, with broad entire leaves, obscurely or not at all punctate, and cymules of small heads in a thyrse or panicle. Flowers rose-purple, in autumn. (Name an anagram of _Liatris_.)
1. T. odoratissima, Cass. (VANILLA-PLANT.) _Very smooth; leaves pale_, thickish, obovate-spatulate, or the upper oval and clasping; _heads corymbed_. (Liatris odoratissima, _Willd._)--Low pine barrens, Va., and southward.--Leaves exhaling the odor of Vanilla when bruised.
2. T. paniculata, Cass. _Viscid-hairy_; leaves narrowly oblong or lanceolate, smoothish, those of the stem partly clasping, _heads panicled_. (Liatris paniculata, _Willd._)--Va. and southward.
10. GUTIERREZIA, Lag.
Heads few--several-flowered, radiate; rays 1--6, pistillate. Involucre oblong-clavate; scales coriaceous with green tips, closely imbricated, the outer shorter. Receptacle small, naked. Achenes short, terete; pappus of about 9 chaffy scales, shorter in the ray-flowers.--Suffrutescent (our species), glabrous and often glutinous, much branched, with narrowly linear entire alternate leaves, and small heads of yellow flowers in fastigiate or paniculate cymes. (From _Gutierrez_, a noble Spanish family.)
1. G. Euthamiae, Torr. & Gray. Low; leaves numerous, 1--2' long; heads usually crowded, the disk- and short ray-flowers usually 3 or 4 each.--Dry plains, Mont. and Minn. to central Kan., southward and westward.
11. AMPHIACHYRIS, Nutt.
Heads hemispherical; rays 5--10. Disk-flowers perfect but infertile. Pappus of the ray minute, coroniform; of the disk-flowers of almost bristle-like scales, more or less dilated and united at base.--A diffusely much-branched annual, with heads solitary on the branchlets; otherwise as Gutierrezia. (From [Greek: a)mphi/], _around_, and [Greek: a)/chyron], _chaff_.)
1. A. dracunculoides, Nutt. Rather low, slender; leaves narrowly linear, the upper filiform; disk-flowers 10--20, their pappus of 5--8 bristle-like chaff united at base and slightly dilated upward.--Plains, Kan. and southward.
12. GRINDELIA, Willd.
Heads many-flowered, radiate (or rayless); ray pistillate. Scales of the hemispherical involucre imbricated in several series, with slender more or less spreading green tips. Achenes short and thick, compressed or turgid, truncate, glabrous; pappus of 2--8 caducous awns. Coarse perennial or biennial herbs, often resinous-viscid, ours glabrous and leafy with sessile or clasping alternate and spinulose-serrate or laciniate rigid leaves, and large heads terminating leafy branches. Disk and ray yellow. (Prof. _Grindel_, a Russian botanist.)
1. G. squarrosa, Dunal. Leaves spatulate- to linear-oblong; involucre squarrose; achenes not toothed; pappus-awns 2 or 3.--Prairies, Minn., southward and westward; Evanston, Ill.--Var. NUDA, Gray. Rays wanting. About St. Louis and westward.
2. G. lanceolata, Nutt. Leaves lanceolate or linear; involucral scales erect or the lower tips spreading; achenes with 1 or 2 short teeth at the summit; awns 2.--Prairies, eastern Kan. to Ark., and southward.
13. HETEROTHECA, Cass.
Characters as in Chrysopsis, but the achenes of the ray thickish or triangular, without pappus or obscurely crowned, and those of the disk compressed, with a double pappus, the inner of numerous long bristles, the outer of many short and stout bristles.--(From [Greek: e(/teros], _different_, and [Greek: the/ke], _case_, alluding to the unlike achenes.)
1. H. Lamarckii, Cass. Annual or biennial, 1--3 deg. high, bearing numerous small heads; leaves oval or oblong, the lower with petioles auricled at base, the upper mostly subcordate-clasping.--S. E. Kan., and southward.
14. CHRYSOPSIS, Nutt. GOLDEN ASTER.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays numerous, pistillate. Involucral scales linear, imbricated, without herbaceous tips. Receptacle flat. Achenes obovate or linear-oblong, flattened, hairy; pappus in all the flowers double, the outer of very short and somewhat chaffy bristles, the inner of long capillary bristles.--Chiefly perennial, low herbs, woolly or hairy, with rather large often corymbose heads terminating the branches. Disk and ray-flowers yellow. (Name composed of [Greek: chryso/s], _gold_, and [Greek: o)/psis], _aspect_, from the golden blossoms.)
[*] _Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear; achenes linear._
1. C. graminifolia, Nutt. _Silvery-silky_, with long close-pressed hairs; stem slender, often with runners from the base, naked above, bearing few heads; _leaves lanceolate or linear, elongated, grass-like, nerved, shining_, entire.--Dry sandy soil, Del. to Va., and southward. July--Oct.
2. C. falcata, Ell. _Stems_ (4--10' high) very woolly; _leaves crowded, linear, rigid, about 3-nerved_, entire, _somewhat recurved or scythe-shaped, hairy_, or smooth when old, sessile; heads (small) corymbed.--Dry sandy soil on the coast, pine barrens of N. J. to Nantucket and Cape Cod, Mass. Aug.
[*][*] _Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire or slightly serrate, mostly sessile, veined, not nerved; achenes obovate, flattened._
3. C. gossypina, Nutt. _Densely woolly all over; leaves spatulate or oblong, obtuse_ (1--2' long); heads larger than in the next.--Pine barrens, Va., and southward. Aug.--Oct.
4. C. Mariana, Nutt. _Silky with long and weak hairs_, or when old smoothish; _leaves oblong_; heads corymbed, on glandular peduncles.--Dry barrens, from S. New York and Penn., southward, near the coast. Aug.--Oct.
5. C. villosa, Nutt. _Hirsute and villous-pubescent_; stem corymbosely branched, the branches terminated by single short-peduncled heads; _leaves narrowly oblong, hoary with rough pubescence_ (as also the involucre), _bristly-ciliate_ toward the base.--Dry plains and prairies, Wisc. to Ky., and westward. July--Sept. Very variable.--Var. HISPIDA, Gray. Low, hirsute and hispid, not canescent; heads small. Kan., west and southward.--Var. CANESCENS, Gray. Wholly canescent with short appressed pubescence; leaves narrow, mostly oblanceolate.--Kan. to Tex.
6. C. pilosa, Nutt. Annual, soft-hirsute or villous; leaves oblong-lanceolate; involucre viscid; outer pappus chaffy and conspicuous--Kan. and southward.
15. APLOPAPPUS, Cass.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays many, pistillate. Involucre hemispherical, of many closely imbricated scales in several series. Receptacle flat. Achenes short, turbinate to linear; pappus simple, of numerous unequal bristles.--Mostly herbaceous perennials, with alternate rigid leaves. Ray- and disk-flowers yellow. (From [Greek: a(plo/os], _simple_, and [Greek: pa/ppos], _pappus_.)
1. A. ciliatus, DC. Annual or biennial, glabrous, 2--5 deg. high, leafy; leaves oval (or lower obovate), obtuse, dentate with bristle-pointed teeth; heads very large, few and clustered, the outer scales spreading; achenes glabrous, the central abortive.--Mo., Kan., and southward.
2. A. spinulosus, DC. Perennial, branching, puberulent or glabrate, low; leaves narrow, pinnately or bipinnately parted, the lobes and teeth bristle-tipped; heads small, the appressed scales bristle-tipped; achenes pubescent.--Minn. to Kan., and southward.
3. A. divaricatus, Gray. Annual, 1--2 deg. high, slender and diffusely paniculate, rough-pubescent or glabrate; leaves rigid, narrow, entire or with a few spinulose teeth, much reduced above; heads small and narrow, the appressed scales subulate, attenuate; achenes silky.--Southern Kan.
16. BIGELOVIA, DC. RAYLESS GOLDEN-ROD.
Heads 3--4-flowered, the flowers all perfect and tubular. Involucre club-shaped, yellowish; the rigid somewhat glutinous scales linear, closely imbricated and appressed. Receptacle narrow, with an awl-shaped prolongation in centre. Achenes somewhat obconical, hairy; pappus a single row of capillary bristles.--Flowers yellow. Leaves scattered, oblanceolate or linear, 1--3-nerved. A large western genus, few species approaching our limits. (Dedicated by De Candolle to _Dr. Jacob Bigelow_, author of the Florula Bostoniensis, and of the American Medical Botany.)
1. B. nudata, DC. A smooth perennial; the slender stem (1--2 deg. high) simple or branched from the base, naked above, corymbose at the summit, bearing small heads in a flat-topped corymb.--Low pine barrens, N. J. (rare), and southward. Sept.
17. SOLIDAGO, L. GOLDEN-ROD.
Heads few--many-flowered, radiate; the rays 1--16, pistillate. Scales of the oblong involucre appressed, destitute of herbaceous tips (except n. 1 and 2). Receptacle small, not chaffy. Achenes many-ribbed, nearly terete; pappus simple, of equal capillary bristles.--Perennial herbs, with mostly wand-like stems and nearly sessile stem-leaves, never heart-shaped. Heads small, racemed or clustered; flowers both of the disk and ray (except n. 6) yellow. (Name from _solidus_ and _ago_, to join, or make whole, in allusion to reputed vulnerary qualities.) Flowering in autumn.
Conspectus of Groups.
Heads small, sessile in flat-topped corymbs; leaves linear 41, 42
Heads all more or less pedicelled.
Involucral scales rigid, with spreading herbaceous tips 1, 2
Involucral scales without green tips.
Heads in a compound terminal corymb, not at all racemose 37--40