Part 29

Calyx-tube reaching not quite to the summit of the 3--5-celled ovary; limb of 3 or more teeth. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4--6-cleft, bearing at each sinus a pair of separate or partly united stamens with 1-celled anthers. Style 3--5-parted. Dry drupe greenish, with 3--5 cartilaginous nutlets.--A dwarf perennial herb with scaly rootstock and ternately divided leaves, the cauline a single pair. An anomalous genus. (From [Greek: a)/doxos], obscure or insignificant.)

1. A. Moschatellina, L. Smooth, musk-scented; radical leaves 1--3-ternate, the cauline 3-cleft or 3-parted; leaflets obovate, 3-cleft; flowers several in a close cluster on a slender peduncle, greenish or yellowish.--N. Iowa, Wisc., and Minn., and northward. (Eu., Asia.)

2. SAMBUCUS, Tourn. ELDER.

Calyx-lobes minute or obsolete. Corolla open urn-shaped, with a broadly spreading 5-cleft limb. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3. Fruit a berry-like juicy drupe, containing 3 small seed-like nutlets.--Shrubby plants, with a rank smell when bruised, pinnate leaves, serrate-pointed leaflets, and numerous small and white flowers in compound cymes. (The Latin name, perhaps from [Greek: sambu/ke], an ancient musical instrument.)

1. S. Canadensis, L. (COMMON ELDER.) Stems scarcely woody (5--10 deg. high); _leaflets 5--11, oblong_, mostly smooth, the lower often 3-parted; _cymes flat; fruit black-purple_.--Rich soil, in open places, throughout our range, and south and west. June, July.--Pith white.

2. S. racemosa, L. (RED-BERRIED ELDER.) Stems woody (2--12 deg. high), the bark warty; _leaflets 5--7, ovate-lanceolate, downy underneath; cymes panicled, convex or pyramidal; fruit bright red_ (rarely white). (S. pubens, _Michx._)--Rocky woods, N. Scotia to Ga., and westward across the continent. May; the fruit ripening in June.--Pith brown. Both species occur with the leaflets divided into 3--5 linear-lanceolate 2--3-cleft or laciniate segments.

3. VIBURNUM, L. ARROW-WOOD. LAURESTINUS.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas 1--3. Fruit a 1-celled, 1-seeded drupe, with soft pulp and a thin-crustaceous (flattened or tumid) stone.--Shrubs, with simple leaves, and white flowers in flat compound cymes. Petioles sometimes bearing little appendages which are evidently stipules. Leaf-buds naked, or with a pair of scales. (The classical Latin name, of unknown meaning.)

Sec. 1. _Cyme radiant, the marginal flowers neutral, with greatly enlarged flat corollas as in_ Hydrangea; _drupes coral-red turning darker, not acid; stone sulcate; leaves pinnately veined; winter-buds naked._

1. V. lantanoides, Michx. (HOBBLE-BUSH. AMERICAN WAYFARING-TREE.) Leaves (4--8' across) round-ovate, abruptly pointed, heart-shaped at the base, closely serrate, the veins and veinlets beneath with the stalks and branchlets very rusty-scurfy; cymes sessile, very broad and flat.--Cold moist woods, N. Brunswick to Ont. and Penn., and in the mountains to N. C. May. A straggling shrub; the reclining branches often taking root.

Sec. 2. _Cyme peduncled, radiant in n. 2; drupe light red, acid, globose; stone very flat, orbicular, not sulcate; leaves palmately veined; winter-buds scaly._

2. V. Opulus, L. (CRANBERRY-TREE.) Nearly smooth, upright (4--10 deg. high); leaves 3--5-ribbed, strongly 3-lobed, broadly wedge-shaped or truncate at base, the spreading lobes pointed, mostly toothed on the sides, entire in the sinuses; petioles bearing 2 glands at the apex.--Low ground, along streams, from N. Brunswick far westward, and south to Penn. June, July.--The acid fruit is a substitute for cranberries, whence the names _High Cranberry-bush_, etc. The well-known SNOW-BALL TREE, or GUELDER-ROSE, is a cultivated state, with the whole cyme turned into showy sterile flowers. (Eu.)

3. V. pauciflorum, Pylaie. A low straggling shrub; leaves glabrous or loosely pubescent beneath, 5-ribbed at base, unequally serrate nearly all round, with 3 short lobes at the summit; cyme few-flowered; stamens shorter than the corolla.--Cold woods, Newf. and Lab. to the mountains of N. Eng., westward to N. Mich. and the Rocky Mts.

Sec. 3. _Cyme never radiant; drupes blue, or dark-purple or black at maturity._

[*] _Leaves 3-ribbed from the rounded or subcordate base, somewhat 3-lobed; stipules bristle-shaped._

4. V. acerifolium, L. (DOCKMACKIE. ARROW-WOOD.) Shrub 3--6 deg. high; leaves soft-downy beneath, the pointed lobes diverging, unequally toothed; cymes small, slender-peduncled; stamens exserted; fruit crimson turning purple; stone lenticular, hardly sulcate.--Cool rocky woods, from N. Brunswick to N. C., and west to S. Minn.

[*][*] _Leaves (with base inclined to heart-shaped) coarsely toothed, prominently pinnately veined; stipules narrowly subulate; no rusty scurf; fruit ovoid, blue or purple; the stone grooved; cymes peduncled._

[+] _Stone flat; leaves all short-petioled or subsessile._

5. V. pubescens, Pursh. (DOWNY A.) A low, straggling shrub; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or taper-pointed, the veins and teeth fewer and less conspicuous than in the next, the lower surface and very short petioles soft-downy, at least when young; fruit dark-purple; the stone lightly 2-sulcate on the faces.--Rocks, etc., Lower Canada to the mountains of Ga., west to Iowa and Minn. June.

[+][+] _Stone very deeply sulcate ventrally; leaves rather slender-petioled._

6. V. dentatum, L. (ARROW-WOOD.) Smooth, 5--15 deg. high, with ash-colored bark; leaves broadly ovate, very numerously sharp-toothed and strongly veined; fruit 3'' long; cross-section of stone between kidney- and horseshoe-shaped.--Wet places, N. Brunswick to N. Ga., and west to Minn. June.--The pale leaves often with hairy tufts in the axils of the straight veins.

7. V. molle, Michx. Leaves broadly oval, obovate or ovate, scarcely pointed, coarsely crenate or repand-toothed, the lower surface, branchlets and cymes soft-downy, the latter with stellate pubescence; fruit oily, larger and more pointed, the stone as in n. 6, but less deeply excavated.--Coast of N. Eng. (Martha's Vineyard), to Tex.

[*][*][*] _Leaves finely serrate or entire, bright green; veins not prominent; stipules none; whole plant glabrous or with some minute rusty scurf; fruit black or with a blue bloom, sweet, stone very flat and even, broadly oval or orbicular._

[+] _Cymes peduncled, about 5-rayed; drupes globose-ovoid, 3'' long, shrubs 5--12 deg. high, in swamps._

8. V. cassinoides, L. (WITHE-ROD.) Shoots scurfy-punctate; leaves thickish and _opaque or dull_, ovate to oblong, mostly with obtuse acumination, _obscurely veiny_ (1--3' long), _with margins irregularly crenulate-denticulate_ or sometimes entire; _peduncle shorter than the cyme_. (V. nudum, var. cassinoides, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Newf. to N. J. and Minn. Flowers earlier than the next.

9. V. nudum, L. Obscurely scurfy-punctate; _leaves more veiny_, thickish, oval, oblong or lanceolate, entire or obsoletely denticulate, _lucid above_ (2--4' long); _peduncle usually equalling the cyme_.--N. J. to Fla.

[+][+] _Compound cymes sessile, 3--5-rayed; drupes oval, 5--7'' long._

10. V. Lentago, L. (SWEET VIBURNUM. SHEEP-BERRY.) _Leaves ovate, strongly pointed_, closely and very _sharply serrate_; petioles long and margined; cyme large; fruit oval, 1/2' long or more, ripe in autumn, edible; tree 15--30 deg. high.--Woods and banks of streams, from the Atlantic to Mo., Minn., and northward. Fl. in spring.

11. V. prunifolium, L. (BLACK HAW.) _Leaves oval, obtuse_ or slightly pointed, _finely and sharply serrate_, smaller than in the preceding (1--2' long); fruit similar or rather smaller.--Dry or moist ground, N. Y. to Mich., Kan., and southward. Flowering early.--A tall shrub or small tree.

12. V. obovatum, Walt. Shrub 2--8 deg. high; leaves obovate or spatulate, obtuse, entire or denticulate, thickish, small (1--11/2' long), shining; cymes small; fruit 5'' long, black.--River-banks and swamps, Va. to Fla. May.

4. TRIOSTEUM, L. FEVER-WORT. HORSE-GENTIAN.

Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, leaf-like, persistent. Corolla tubular, gibbous at base, somewhat equally 5-lobed, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens 5. Ovary mostly 3-celled, in fruit forming a rather dry drupe, containing as many ribbed 1-seeded bony nutlets.--Coarse, hairy, perennial herbs, leafy to the top; the ample entire pointed leaves tapering to the base, but connate round the simple stem. Flowers sessile, solitary or clustered in the axils. (Name an abbreviation of _Triosteospermum_, alluding to the three bony nutlets.)

1. T. perfoliatum, L. _Softly hairy_ (2--4 deg. high); _leaves oval, abruptly narrowed below_, downy beneath; flowers brownish-purple, mostly clustered; fruit orange-color, 1/2' long.--Rich woodlands, Canada and N. Eng. to Minn., Iowa, and Ala. June. Also called TINKER'S-WEED, WILD COFFEE, etc.

2. T. angustifolium, L. Smaller, _bristly-hairy; leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base_; flowers greenish-cream-color, mostly single in the axils.--Shady grounds, Va. to Ill., Mo., and Ala. May.

5. LINNAEA, Gronov. TWIN-FLOWER.

Calyx-teeth 5, awl-shaped, deciduous. Corolla narrow bell-shaped, almost equally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, two of them shorter, inserted toward the base of the corolla. Ovary and the small dry pod 3-celled, but only 1-seeded, two of the cells having only abortive ovules.--A slender creeping and trailing little evergreen, somewhat hairy, with rounded-oval sparingly crenate leaves contracted at the base into short petioles, and thread-like upright peduncles forking into 2 pedicels at the top, each bearing a delicate and fragrant nodding flower. Corolla purple and whitish, hairy inside. (Dedicated to the immortal _Linnaeus_, who first pointed out its characters, and with whom this pretty little plant was a special favorite.)

1. L. borealis, Gronov.--Moist mossy woods and cold bogs, N. Eng. to N. J. and the mountains of Md., west to Minn.; also far north and west. June. (Eu.)

6. SYMPHORICARPOS, Dill. SNOWBERRY.

Calyx-teeth short, persistent. Corolla bell-shaped, regularly 4--5-lobed, with as many short stamens inserted into its throat. Ovary 4-celled, only 2 of the cells with a fertile ovule; the berry therefore 4-celled but only 2-seeded. Seeds bony.--Low and branching upright shrubs, with oval short-petioled leaves, which are downy underneath and entire, or wavy toothed or lobed on the young shoots. Flowers white tinged with rose-color, in close short spikes or clusters. (Name composed of [Greek: symphore/o], _to bear together_, and [Greek: karpo/s], _fruit_; from the clustered berries.)

[*] _Style bearded; fruit red; flowers all in short dense axillary clusters._

1. S. vulgaris, Michx. (INDIAN CURRANT. CORAL-BERRY.) Flowers in the axils of nearly all the leaves; corolla sparingly bearded; berries small.--Rocky banks, western N. Y. and Penn. to Dak., Neb., and Tex. July.

[*][*] _Style glabrous; fruit white; flowers in clusters or sometimes solitary._

2. S. occidentalis, Hook. (WOLFBERRY.) _Flowers in dense terminal and axillary spikes_; corolla much bearded within; stamens and style protruded.--Rocky ground, N. Mich. and Ill., west to the Rocky Mts.--Flowers larger and more funnel-form, and stamens longer, than in the next.

3. S. racemosus, Michx. (SNOWBERRY.) _Flowers in a loose and somewhat leafy interrupted spike_ at the end of the branches; corolla bearded inside; berries large.--Rocky banks, N. New Eng. and Penn., to Minn. and westward; common in cultivation. June--Sept. Berries ripe in autumn.--Var. PAUCIFLORUS, Robbins. Low, diffusely branched and spreading; leaves smaller (about 1' long), the spike reduced to one or two flowers in the uppermost axils.--Mountains of Vt. and Penn. to Minn., Dak., and westward.

7. LONICERA, L. HONEYSUCKLE. WOODBINE.

Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla tubular or funnel-form, often gibbous at the base, irregularly or almost regularly 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary 2--3-celled. Berry several-seeded.--Leaves entire. Flowers often showy and fragrant. (Named in honor of _Adam Lonitzer_, latinized _Lonicerus_, a German herbalist of the 16th century.)

Sec. 1. XYLOSTEON. _Upright bushy shrubs; leaves all distinct; peduncles axillary, single, 2-flowered at the summit; the two berries sometimes united into one; calyx-teeth not persistent._

[*] _Bracts (2 or sometimes 4) at the base of the ovaries minute._

1. L. ciliata, Muhl. (FLY-HONEYSUCKLE.) Branches straggling (3--5 deg. high); _leaves oblong-ovate, often heart-shaped, petioled, thin_, downy beneath; _filiform peduncles shorter than the leaves_; corolla funnel-form, almost spurred at the base (greenish-yellow, 3/4' long), the lobes nearly equal; _berries separate (red)_.--Rocky woods, N. Brunswick to Penn. and Minn. May.

2. L. caerulea, L. (MOUNTAIN F.) Low (1--2 deg. high); branches upright; _leaves oval_, downy when young; _peduncles very short; bracts awl-shaped, longer than the ovaries, which are united into one (blue) berry_; flowers yellowish.--Mountain woods and bogs, Lab. to R. I., Minn., and northward. May. (Eu.)

3. L. oblongifolia, Muhl. (SWAMP F.) Shrub 2--5 deg. high, branches upright; _leaves_ (2--3' long) _oblong_, downy when young, smooth when old; _peduncles long and slender; bracts minute or deciduous; corolla deeply 2-lipped_ (1/2' long, yellowish-white); _berries (purple) united_ or nearly distinct.--Bogs, N. New Eng. and N. Y., to Minn. June.

[*][*] _The two flowers involucrate by 4 conspicuous and broad foliaceous bracts._

4. L. involucrata, Banks. Pubescent, or becoming glabrous; branches 4-angular; leaves (2--5' long) ovate-oblong, mostly pointed, petioled, and with a strong midrib, exceeding the peduncle; corolla yellowish, viscid-pubescent, cylindraceous (6--8'' long); ovaries and globose dark-purple berries distinct.--Deep woods; shores of L. Superior, and north and westward.

Sec. 2. CAPRIFOLIUM. _Twining shrubs, with the flowers in sessile whorled clusters from the axils of the (often connate) upper leaves, forming interrupted terminal spikes; calyx-teeth persistent on the (red or orange) berry._

[*] _Corolla trumpet-shaped, almost regular; stamens and style little exserted._

5. L. sempervirens, Ait. (TRUMPET HONEYSUCKLE.) Flowers in somewhat distant whorls, scentless, nearly 2' long, deep red outside, yellowish within or rarely throughout; leaves oblong, smooth, the lower petioled, the uppermost pairs connate.--Copses, Conn. to Ind., and southward; common in cultivation. May--Oct.--Leaves deciduous at the north.

[*][*] _Corolla ringent; the lower lip narrow, the upper broad and 4-lobed; stamens and style conspicuously exserted._

[+] _Corolla-tube an inch long, glabrous inside; stamens and style glabrous._

6. L. grata, Ait. (AMERICAN WOODBINE.) Leaves smooth, glaucous beneath, obovate, the 2 or 3 upper pairs united; flowers whorled in the uppermost axils; corolla whitish with a purple tube, fading yellowish, not gibbous at base, fragrant.--Rocky woodlands, N. J. and Penn. to Mich. and Mo., and southward; also cultivated. May.

[+][+] _Corolla hairy within, the tube 6'' long or less._

7. L. hirsuta, Eaton. (HAIRY HONEYSUCKLE.) Twining and rather high-climbing; leaves deep green above, downy-hairy beneath, as well as the branches, veiny, dull, broadly oval, the uppermost united, the lower short-petioled; flowers in approximate whorls; tube of the (orange-yellow) clammy-pubescent corolla gibbous at base, slender.--Damp copses and rocks, Maine to Penn., Mich., and Minn. July.--A coarse large-leaved species.

8. L. Sullivantii, Gray. At length _much whitened with glaucous bloom_, 3--6 deg. high, glabrous; leaves oval and obovate-oblong (2--4' long), sessile and mostly connate on the flowering stems, the uppermost into an orbicular disk; corolla pale yellow; _filaments nearly glabrous_. (L. flava of former edition, mainly.)--Ohio to Ill., Minn., and L. Winnipeg; also in Tenn. and N. C.

9. L. glauca, Hill. Glabrous, or lower leaf surface sometimes puberulent, 3--5 deg. high; leaves oblong (2--3' long), glaucous but less whitened than in the last, the 1--4 _upper pairs connate_; corolla greenish-yellow or purplish; _tube only 3--4'' long, within and also style and base of filaments hirsute_. (L. parviflora, _Lam._, and part of var. Douglasii, _Gray._)--Rocky grounds, N. Eng. and Penn. to Minn., and northward.

8. DIERVILLA, Tourn. BUSH-HONEYSUCKLE.

Calyx-tube tapering at the summit; the lobes slender, awl-shaped, persistent. Corolla funnel-form, 5-lobed, almost regular. Stamens 5. Pod ovoid-oblong, pointed, 2-celled, 2-valved, septicidal, many-seeded.--Low upright shrubs, with ovate or oblong pointed serrate leaves, and cymosely 3--several-flowered peduncles, from the upper axils or terminal. (Named in compliment to _Dr. Dierville_, who brought it from Canada to Tournefort.)

1. D. trifida, Moench. Leaves oblong-ovate, taper-pointed, petioled; peduncles mostly 3-flowered; pod long-beaked.--Rocks, Newf. to the mountains of N. C., west to Minn. June--Aug.--Flowers honey-color, not showy, as are the Japanese species cultivated under the name of WEIGELA.

ORDER 52. RUBIACEAE. (MADDER FAMILY.)

_Shrubs or herbs, with opposite entire leaves connected by interposed stipules, or in whorls without apparent stipules, the calyx coherent with the 2--4-celled ovary, the stamens as many as the lobes of the regular corolla (4--5), and inserted on its tube._--Flowers perfect, but often dimorphous (as in Mitchella and Houstonia). Fruit various. Seeds anatropous or amphitropous. Embryo commonly pretty large, in copious hard albumen.--A very large family, the greater part, and all its most important plants (such as the Coffee and Peruvian-Bark trees), tropical.

I. CINCHONEAE. Ovules numerous in each cell; leaves opposite.

1. Houstonia. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, 4-lobed. Seeds rather few, thimble-shaped or saucer-shaped. Low herbs.

2. Oldenlandia. Corolla wheel-shaped in our species, 4-lobed. Seeds very numerous and minute, angular. Low herbs.

II. COFFEINEAE. Ovules solitary in the cells; leaves mostly opposite.

[+] Flowers in a close and globose long-peduncled head. Fruit dry. Shrubs.

3. Cephalanthus. Corolla tubular; lobes 4. Fruit inversely pyramidal, 2--4-seeded.

[+][+] Flowers twin; their ovaries united into one. Fruit a 2-eyed berry.

4. Mitchella. Corolla funnel-form; its lobes 4. A creeping herb.

[+][+][+] Flowers axillary, separate. Fruit dry when ripe. Herbs.

5. Spermacoce. Corolla funnel-form or salver-form; lobes 4. Fruit separating when ripe into 2 carpels, one or both of them opening.

6. Diodia. Fruit separating into 2 or 3 closed and indehiscent carpels; otherwise as n. 5.

III. STELLATAE. Ovules solitary; leaves in whorls, without stipules.

7. Galium. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4- (or rarely 3-) parted. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit twin, separating into 2 indehiscent 1-seeded carpels.

8. Sherardia. Corolla funnel-form. Calyx-lobes lanceolate. Flowers subsessile, involucrate.

1. HOUSTONIA, L.

Calyx 4-lobed, persistent; the lobes in fruit distant. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, usually much longer than the calyx-lobes, 4-lobed, the lobes valvate in the bud. Stamens 4; anthers linear or oblong. Style 1; stigmas 2. Ovary 2-celled. Pod top-shaped, globular, or didymous, thin, its summit or upper half free from and projecting beyond the tube of the calyx, loculicidal across the top. Seeds rather few (4--20 in each cell), peltate and saucer-shaped or globular-thimble-shaped, pitted.--Small herbs, with short entire stipules connecting the petioles or narrowed bases of the leaves, and cymose or solitary and peduncled flowers. These are dimorphous, in some individuals with exserted anthers and short included style; in others the anthers included and the style long, the stigmas therefore protruding. (Named for _Dr. Wm. Houston_, an English botanist who collected in Central America.)

[*] _Small and delicate, vernal-flowering; peduncles 1-flowered; corolla salver-form; upper half of the broad and somewhat 2-lobed pod free; seeds globular, with a very deep round cavity occupying the inner face._

[+] _Perennial by delicate filiform creeping rootstocks or creeping stems; peduncles filiform, 1--2' long._

1. H. caerulea, L. (BLUETS. INNOCENCE.) Glabrous; _stems erect_, slender, sparingly branched from the base (3--5' high); _leaves oblong-spatulate_ (3--4'' long); peduncle filiform, erect; corolla _light blue_, pale lilac or nearly white with a yellowish eye, with tube much longer than its lobes or than those of the calyx.--Moist and grassy places, N. Eng. to Ga., west to Mich. and Ala.; producing from early spring to midsummer its delicate little flowers.

2. H. serpyllifolia, Michx. Like the last, but filiform _stems prostrate_, extensively creeping and rooting; _leaves orbicular to ovate_ (2--4'' long); corolla rather larger, and _deep violet-blue_.--Along streamlets and on mountain-tops, Va. to Tenn. and S. C.

[+][+] _Winter-annuals, branching from the simple root; peduncles much shorter._

3. H. patens, Ell. An inch to at length a span high, with ascending branches and erect peduncles; leaves spatulate to ovate; corolla much smaller than that of n. 1, violet-blue or purplish without yellowish eye, _the tube longer than its lobes, twice the length of the calyx-lobes_.--Dry or sandy soil, S. Va. to Tex. and Ill. (?)

4. H. minima, Beck. More diffuse, _commonly scabrous_; stems at length much branched and spreading (1--4' high); lowest leaves ovate or spatulate, the upper oblong or nearly linear; earlier peduncles elongated and spreading in fruit, the later ones short; _tube of the purplish corolla not longer than its lobes or the ample calyx-lobes_ (11/2'' long).--Dry hills, Mo. to Tex. March--May.

[*][*] _Erect, mostly perennial herbs (6--20' high), with stem-leaves sessile, and flowers in small terminal cymes or clusters; corolla funnel-form, purplish, often hairy inside; seeds meniscoidal, with a ridge across the hollowed inner face._

5. H. purpurea, L. Pubescent or smooth (8--15' high); _leaves varying from roundish-ovate to lanceolate_, 3--5-ribbed; calyx-lobes longer than the half-free globular pod.--Woodlands, Md. to Ark., and southward. May--July.--Varying wonderfully, as into--

Var. ciliolata, Gray. A span high; leaves only 1/2' long, thickish; cauline oblong-spatulate; radical oval or oblong, rosulate, hirsute-ciliate; calyx-lobes a little longer than the pod.--Rocky banks, from the Great Lakes and Minn. to Ky.; passing into

Var. longifolia, Gray. A span or two high, mostly glabrous, thinner-leaved; leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear (6--20'' long); radical oval or oblong, less rosulate, not ciliate.--Rocky or gravelly ground, Maine to Minn., south to Ga. and Mo.; also northward.

Var. tenuifolia, Gray. Slender, lax, diffuse, 6--12' high, with loose inflorescence, and almost filiform branches and peduncles; cauline leaves all linear, hardly over 1'' wide.--S. E. Ohio to Va., N. C., and Tenn.

Var. calycosa, Gray. Almost 1 deg. high; leaves broadly lanceolate, thickish; calyx-lobes elongated (2--4'' long), much surpassing the pod.--From Ill. (_Hall_) to Ark. and N. Ala.

6. H. angustifolia, Michx. Stems tufted from a hard or woody root; _leaves narrowly linear_, acute, 1-ribbed, many of them fascicled; flowers crowded, short-pedicelled; lobes of the corolla densely bearded inside; _pod obovoid, acute at base, only its summit free_, opening first across the top, at length through the partition.--Barrens, Ill. to Kan., south to Tex., Tenn., and Fla.

2. OLDENLANDIA, Plumier.

Calyx 4-lobed, persistent. Corolla short, in our species wheel-shaped; the limb 4-parted, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4; anthers short. Style 1 or none; stigmas 2. Pod thin, 2-celled, many-seeded, opening loculicidally across the summit. Seeds very numerous, minute and angular.--Low herbs, with small stipules united to the petioles. (Dedicated to the memory of _Oldenland_, a German physician and botanist, who died early at the Cape of Good Hope.)