Part 22

10. R. nitida, Willd. Low, nearly or quite _glabrous throughout, the straight slender spines often scarcely stouter than the prickles which usually thickly cover the stem and branches; stipules mostly dilated_; leaflets bright green and shining, usually narrowly oblong and acute at each end; flowers solitary (rarely 2 or 3); _sepals entire_.--Margins of swamps, Newf. to N. Eng.

_Naturalized species._

R. CANINA, L. (DOG ROSE.) Stems armed with stout recurved spines, without prickles, the branches sometimes unarmed; leaflets 5--7, elliptical or oblong-ovate, glabrous or somewhat pubescent, simply toothed, not resinous-puberulent; flowers solitary (or 2--4) on usually naked pedicels; sepals pinnatifid, deciduous; fruit oblong-ovate to nearly globular.--Roadsides, E. Penn., Tenn., etc. (Int. from Eu.)

R. RUBIGINOSA, L. (SWEETBRIER. EGLANTINE.) Resembling the last, but of more compact habit, _the leaflets densely resinous beneath and aromatic, and doubly serrate_; the short pedicels and pinnatifid sepals hispid. (Incl. R. micrantha, _Smith_; less aromatic, with oblong fruit and glabrous styles.)--N. Scotia and Ont. to S. C. and Tenn. (Int. from Eu.)

16. PYRUS, L. PEAR. APPLE.

Calyx-tube urn-shaped, the limb 5-cleft. Petals roundish or obovate. Stamens numerous. Styles 2--5. Pome fleshy or berry-like; the 2--5 carpels or cells of a papery or cartilaginous texture, 2-seeded.--Trees or shrubs, with handsome flowers in corymbed cymes. (The classical name of the Pear-tree.)

Sec. 1. MALUS (APPLE). _Leaves simple; cymes simple and umbel-like; pome fleshy, globular, sunk in at the attachment of the stalk._

1. P. coronaria, L. (AMERICAN CRAB-APPLE.) _Leaves ovate_, often rather heart-shaped, _cut-serrate or lobed_, soon glabrous; _styles woolly and united at base_.--Glades, Ont. and W. New York to N. C., west to Minn., Kan., and La. May.--Tree 20 deg. high, somewhat thorny, with large rose-colored very fragrant blossoms, few in a corymb; fruit fragrant and greenish.

2. P. angustifolia, Ait. Resembling the last, but with _leaves oblong or lanceolate_, often acute at base, mostly toothed, glabrous; _styles distinct_.--Glades, Penn. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Kan., and La. April.

Sec. 2. ADENORHACHIS. _Leaves simple, the midrib glandular along the upper side; cymes compound; styles united at base; fruit berry-like, small._

3. P. arbutifolia, L. f. (CHOKE-BERRY.) A shrub usually 1--3 deg. high; leaves oblong or oblanceolate, mostly acute or acuminate, finely glandular-serrate, tomentose beneath; cyme tomentose; flowers white or reddish; fruit pear-shaped, or globose when ripe, small, red or purple, astringent.--Swamps and damp thickets; common, from N. Scotia to Fla., and west to Minn., Ill., Mo., and La.

Var. melanocarpa, Hook. Nearly smooth throughout, with larger black fruit; leaves usually less acute.--Of apparently the same range.

Sec. 3. SORBUS. _Leaves odd-pinnate, with rather numerous leaflets; cymes compound; styles separate; pome berry-like, small._

4. P. Americana, DC. (AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH.) Tree or tall shrub, _nearly glabrous_ or soon becoming so; _leaflets 13--15, lanceolate, taper-pointed_, sharply serrate with pointed teeth, bright green; cymes large and flat; berries globose, bright red, not larger than peas; _leaf-buds pointed, glabrous_ and somewhat _glutinous_.--Swamps and mountain-woods, Newf. to mountains of N. C., west to N. Mich, and Minn. Often cultivated.

5. P. sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht. _Leaflets oblong, oval, or lance-ovate, mostly obtuse_ or abruptly short-pointed, serrate (mostly doubly) with more spreading teeth, often pale beneath; cymes smaller; flowers and berries larger, the latter (4'' broad) when young ovoid, at length globose; _leaf-buds sparingly hairy_; otherwise nearly as the preceding.--Lab. to northern N. Eng. and Lake Superior, and westward.

17. CRATAEGUS, L. HAWTHORN. WHITE THORN.

Calyx-tube urn-shaped, the limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, roundish. Stamens many, or only 10--15. Styles 1--5. Pome drupe-like, containing 1--5 bony 1-seeded stones.--Thorny shrubs or small trees, with simple and mostly lobed leaves, and white (rarely rose-colored) blossoms. (Name from [Greek: kra/tos], _strength_, on account of the hardness of the wood.)

[*] _Corymbs many-flowered._

[+] _Fruit small, depressed-globose (not larger than peas), bright red; flowers mostly small; calyx-teeth short and broad (except in n. 3); styles 5; glabrous (except_ C. Pyracantha_) and glandless._

C. PYRACANTHA, Pers. (EVERGREEN THORN.) _Leaves evergreen_, shining (1' long), _oblong_ or spatulate-lanceolate, crenulate; the short petioles and young branchlets pubescent; corymbs small.--Shrub, spontaneous near Washington and Philadelphia. (Adv. from Eu.)

1. C. spathulata, Michx. Shrub or tree, 10--25 deg. high; _leaves thickish, shining_, deciduous, _spatulate_ or oblanceolate, with a _long tapering base, crenate_ above, rarely cut-lobed, _nearly sessile_.--Va. to Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.

2. C. cordata, Ait. (WASHINGTON THORN.) Trunk 15--25 deg. high; _leaves broadly ovate or triangular_, mostly truncate or a little heart-shaped at the base, on a _slender petiole, variously 3--5-cleft or cut, serrate_.--Va. to Ga. in the mountains, west to Mo.

3. C. viridis, L. A small tree, often unarmed; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong or lanceolate, or oblong-obovate, mostly acute at both ends, on slender petioles, acutely serrate, often somewhat lobed, and often downy in the axils; flowers larger, numerous; fruit bright red or rarely orange. (C. arborescens, _Ell._)--Mississippi bottoms from St. Louis to the Gulf, and from S. Car. to Tex.

[+][+] _Fruit small (1/4--{1/3}' long), ovoid, deep red; flowers rather large; styles 1--3._

C. OXYACANTHA, L. (ENGLISH HAWTHORN.) Smooth; _leaves obovate_, cut-lobed and toothed, _wedge-form_ at the base; calyx not glandular. More or less spontaneous as well as cultivated. (Adv. from Eu.)

4. C. apiifolia, Michx. Softly pubescent when young; _leaves roundish_, with a broad truncate or slightly heart-shaped base, _pinnately 5--7-cleft_, the crowded divisions cut-lobed and sharply serrate; petioles slender; calyx-lobes glandular-toothed, slender.--S. Va. to Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.

[+][+][+] _Fruit large (1/2--1' long), red; flowers large; styles and stones even in the same species 1--3 (when the fruit is ovoid or pear-shaped) or 4--5 (in globular fruit); stipules, calyx-teeth, bracts, etc., often beset with glands; shrubs or low trees._ [Species as characterized by Prof. C. S. SARGENT.]

5. C. coccinea, L. Branches reddish; spines stout, chestnut-brown; villous-pubescent on the shoots, glandular peduncles, and calyx; leaves on slender petioles, thin, pubescent beneath or often glabrous, round-ovate, cuneate or subcordate at base, acutely glandular-toothed, sometimes cut-lobed; flowers 1/2' broad; fruit coral-red, globose or obovate, 1/2' broad.--Newf. to Minn. and southward.--Var. MACRACANTHA, Dudley; spines longer; leaves thicker, cuneate at base, on stout petioles, often deeply incised; cymes broader; flowers and fruit rather larger.--From the St. Lawrence and E. Mass. to Minn.

Var. mollis, Torr. & Gray. Shoots densely pubescent; leaves large, slender-petioled, cuneate, truncate or cordate at base, usually with acute narrow lobes, often subscabrous above, more or less densely pubescent beneath; flowers 1' broad, in broad cymes; fruit bright scarlet with a light bloom, 1' broad. (C. tomentosa, var. mollis, _Gray_. C. subvillosa, _Schrad._)--E. Mass, to Mo. and Tex. Sometimes 20--30 deg. high, blooming two weeks before the type.

6. C. tomentosa, L. Branches gray, rarely with stout gray spines; shoots, peduncles, and calyx villous-pubescent; glands none; leaves large, pale, prominently veined, densely pubescent beneath, ovate or ovate-oblong, sharply serrate, usually incisely lobed, contracted into a margined petiole; flowers small, ill-scented; fruit dull red, obovate, rarely globose (1/2' broad), upright.--Western N. Y. to Mich., Mo., and Ga. In flower 2--3 weeks after n. 3.

7. C. punctata, Jacq. Branches horizontal; glands none; leaves smaller, mostly wedge-obovate, attenuate and entire below, unequally toothed above, rarely lobed, villous-pubescent becoming smooth but dull, the many veins more impressed, prominent beneath; fruit globose (1' broad), red or bright yellow. (C. tomentosa, var. punctata, _Gray_.)--Quebec to Ont. and south to Ga.

8. C. Crus-galli, L. (COCKSPUR THORN.) Branches horizontal, with slender thorns often 4' long; _glabrous; leaves thick_, dark green, _shining above, wedge-obovate and oblanceolate_, tapering into a very short petiole, serrate above the middle; fruit globular, dull red ({1/3}' broad).--Thickets, common.

[*][*] _Corymbs simple, few- (1--6-) flowered; calyx, bracts, etc., glandular._

9. C. flava, Ait. (SUMMER HAW.) Tree 15--20 deg. high, somewhat pubescent or glabrous; _leaves wedge-obovate or rhombic-obovate_, narrowed into a glandular petiole, _unequally toothed and somewhat cut_ above the middle, _rather thin_, the teeth _glandular_; styles 4--5; fruit somewhat pear-shaped, yellowish, greenish, or reddish (1/2' broad).--Sandy soil, Va. to Mo., and southward.

Var. pubescens, Gray. Downy or villous-pubescent when young; leaves thickish, usually obtuse or rounded at the summit; fruit larger (3/4' broad), scarlet or sometimes yellow.--Va. to Fla.

10. C. parvifolia, Ait. (DWARF THORN.) Shrub 3--6 deg. high, downy; _leaves thick, obovate-spatulate, crenate-toothed_ (1/2--11/2' long), almost sessile, the upper surface at length shining; flowers solitary or 2--3 together on _very short peduncles; calyx-lobes as long as the petals_; styles 5; fruit globular or pear-shaped, yellowish.--Sandy soil, N. J. to Fla. and La.

18. AMELANCHIER, Medic. JUNE-BERRY.

Calyx 5-cleft; lobes downy within. Petals oblong, elongated. Stamens numerous, short. Styles 5, united below. Ovary 5-celled, each cell 2-ovuled, but a projection grows from the back of each and forms a false cartilaginous partition; the berry-like pome thus 10-celled, with one seed in each cell (when all ripen).--Small trees or shrubs, with simple sharply serrated leaves, and white racemose flowers. (_Amelancier_ is the name of A. vulgaris in Savoy.)

1. A. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray. (SHAD-BUSH. SERVICE-BERRY.) A tree 10--30 deg. high, nearly or soon glabrous; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, usually somewhat cordate at base, pointed, very sharply serrate, 1--31/2' long; bracts and stipules very long-silky-ciliate; flowers large, in drooping nearly glabrous racemes; petals oblong, 6--8'' long; fruit on elongated pedicels, globose, crimson or purplish, sweet and edible. (Var. Botryapium, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Dry open woodlands; Newf. to Fla., west to Minn., E. Kan., and La. Fruit ripening in June.--Var. ROTUNDIFOLIA, Torr. & Gray, appears to be only a broad-leaved form.

Var. (?) oblongifolia, Torr. & Gray. A smaller tree or shrub (6--10 deg. high), the young leaves and racemes densely white-tomentose; leaves oblong or sometimes rather broadly elliptical, acute, mostly rounded at base, finely serrate, 1--2' long; flowers in denser and shorter racemes; petals 3--4'' long, oblong-spatulate; fruit similar but more juicy, on shorter pedicels.--Low moist grounds or swampy woods; N. Brunswick to Va., west to Minn. and Mo.--A form of this with broader leaves (broadly elliptical or rounded), often very obtuse at the summit, and rounded, subcordate or acute at base, and usually coarsely toothed, is common from Manitoba to Minn. and Iowa, and is sometimes cultivated for its fruit.

2. A. oligocarpa, Roem. A low shrub 2--4 deg. high, soon glabrous; leaves thin, _oblong, acute at both ends, finely serrate_, 1--2' long; _flowers few_ (1--4), rather long-pedicelled; _petals oblong-obovate; fruit broad-pyriform_, dark purple with a dense bloom. (A. Canadensis, var. oligocarpa, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Cold swamps and mountain bogs; Lab. to northern N. Eng. and N. Y., and the shores of Lake Superior.

3. A. alnifolia, Nutt. A shrub 3--8 deg. high, usually glabrate or nearly so; leaves _somewhat glaucous_ and thickish, _broadly elliptical or roundish_, very _obtuse or rarely acute_, often subcordate at base, _coarsely toothed toward the summit_, 1/2--2' long; raceme short and rather dense; petals cuneate-oblong, 3--8'' long; fruit globose, purple. (A. Canadensis, var. alnifolia, _Torr. & Gray_.)--A western mountain species, which occurs in Minn. and N. Mich., and which the broad-leaved form of A. Canadensis sometimes closely simulates.

ORDER 34. CALYCANTHACEAE. (CALYCANTHUS FAMILY.)

_Shrubs with opposite entire leaves, no stipules, the sepals and petals similar and indefinite, the anthers adnate and extrorse, and the cotyledons convolute; the fruit like a rose-hip._ Chiefly represented by the genus

1. CALYCANTHUS, L. CAROLINA ALLSPICE. SWEET-SCENTED SHRUB.

Calyx of many sepals, united below into a fleshy inversely conical cup (with some leaf-like bractlets growing from it); the lobes lanceolate, mostly colored like the petals, which are similar, in many rows, thickish, inserted on the top of the closed calyx-tube. Stamens numerous, inserted just within the petals, short; some of the inner ones sterile (destitute of anthers). Pistils several or many, enclosed in the calyx-tube, inserted on its base and inner face, resembling those of the Rose; but the enlarged hip dry when ripe, enclosing the achenes.--The lurid purple flowers terminating the leafy branches. Bark and foliage aromatic; the crushed flowers exhaling more or less the fragrance of strawberries. (Name composed of [Greek: ka/lyx], _a cup_ or _calyx_, and [Greek: a/nthos], _flower_, from the closed cup which contains the pistils.)

1. C. floridus, L. _Leaves oval, soft-downy underneath_.--Virginia(?) and southward, on hillsides in rich soil. Common in gardens. April--Aug.

2. C. laevigatus, Willd. _Leaves oblong_, thin, either blunt or taper-pointed, _bright green and glabrous_ or nearly so on both sides, or rather pale beneath; flowers smaller.--Mountains of Franklin Co., Penn. (_Prof. Porter_), and southward along the Alleghanies. May--Aug.

3. C. glaucus, Willd. _Leaves_ oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, _conspicuously taper-pointed, glaucous-white beneath_, roughish above, glabrous, large (4--7' long), probably a variety of the preceding.--Virginia (?) near the mountains and southward. May--Aug.

ORDER 35. SAXIFRAGACEAE. (SAXIFRAGE FAMILY.)

_Herbs or shrubs, of various aspect, distinguishable from_ Rosaceae _by having copious albumen in the seeds, opposite as well as alternate leaves, and usually no stipules; the stamens mostly definite, and the carpels commonly fewer than the sepals_, either separate or partly so, or all combined into one compound pistil. Calyx either free or adherent, usually persistent or withering away. Stamens and petals almost always inserted on the calyx. Ovules anatropous.

Tribe I. SAXIFRAGEAE. Herbs. Leaves alternate (rarely opposite in n. 2 and 6). Fruit dry, capsular or follicular, the styles or tips of the carpels distinct.

[*] Ovary 2- (rarely 3-) celled with axile placentas, or of as many nearly distinct carpels.

1. Astilbe. Flowers polygamous, panicled. Stamens (8 or 10) twice as many as the small petals. Seeds few. Leaves decompound.

2. Saxifraga. Flowers perfect. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Seeds numerous, with a close coat.

3. Boykinia. Flowers perfect. Stamens only as many as the petals, which are convolute in the bud and deciduous. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary. Seed-coat close.

4. Sullivantia. Flowers perfect. Stamens 5. Calyx nearly free. Seeds wing-margined.

[*][*] Ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentas alternate with the stigmas. Sterile stamens none.

5. Tiarella. Calyx nearly free from the slender ovary. Petals entire. Stamens 10. Placentas nearly basal.

6. Mitella. Calyx partly cohering with the depressed ovary. Petals small, pinnatifid. Stamens 10.

7. Henchera. Calyx bell-shaped, coherent with the ovary below. Petals small, entire. Stamens 5.

8. Chrysosplenium. Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary. Petals none. Stamens 10.

[*][*][*] Ovary 1-celled, with 3--4 parietal placentas opposite the sessile stigmas. A cluster of united sterile filaments at the base of each petal.

9. Parnassia. Sepals, petals and proper stamens 5. Peduncle scape-like, 1-flowered.

Tribe II. HYDRANGEAE. Shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple. Ovary 2--5-celled; the calyx coherent at least with its base. Fruit capsular.

[*] Stamens 8 or 10.

10. Hydrangea. Calyx-lobes minute in complete flowers. Petals valvate in the bud.

[*][*] Stamens 20--40.

11. Decumaria. Calyx-lobes small. Petals 7--10, valvate in the bud. Filaments subulate. Style 1.

12. Philadelphus. Calyx-lobes conspicuous. Petals 4--5, convolute in the bud. Filaments linear. Styles 3--5.

Tribe III. ESCALLONIEAE. Shrubs. Leaves alternate and simple. Ovary 2--5-celled. Fruit capsular.

13. Itea. Calyx 5-cleft, free from the 2-celled ovary, which becomes a septicidal capsule.

Tribe IV. RIBESIEAE. Shrubs. Leaves alternate and simple, with stipules adnate to the petiole or wanting. Fruit a berry.

14. Ribes. Calyx-tube adnate to the 1-celled ovary. Placentas 2, parietal, many-seeded.

1. ASTILBE, Don. FALSE GOATSBEARD.

Flowers dioeciously polygamous. Calyx 4--5-parted, small. Petals 4--5, spatulate, small, withering-persistent. Stamens 8 or 10. Ovary 2-celled, almost free, many-ovuled; styles 2, short. Capsule 2-celled, separating into 2 follicles, each ripening few seeds. Seed-coat loose and thin, tapering at each end.--Perennial herbs, with twice or thrice ternately-compound ample leaves, cut-lobed and toothed leaflets, and small white or yellowish flowers in spikes or racemes, which are disposed in a compound panicle. (Name composed of [Greek: a)]- privative and [Greek: sti/lbe], _a bright surface_, because the foliage is not shining.)

1. A. decandra, Don. Somewhat pubescent (3--5 deg. high); leaflets mostly heart-shaped; petals minute or wanting in the fertile flowers, stamens 10.--Rich woods; mountains of S. W. Va. to N. C. and Ga. Closely imitating Spiraea Aruncus, but coarser.

2. SAXIFRAGA, L. SAXIFRAGE.

Calyx either free from or cohering with the base of the ovary, 5-cleft or parted. Petals 5, entire, imbricated in the bud, commonly deciduous. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 2-beaked, 2-celled, opening down or between the beaks, or sometimes 2 almost separate follicles. Seeds numerous, with a close coat.--Chiefly perennial herbs, with the root-leaves clustered, those of the stem mostly alternate. (Name from _saxum_, a rock, and _frango_, to break; many species rooting in the clefts of rocks.)

[*] _Stems prostrate, in tufts, leafy; leaves opposite; calyx free from the capsule._

1. S. oppositifolia, L. (MOUNTAIN SAXIFRAGE.) Leaves fleshy, ovate, keeled, ciliate, imbricated on the sterile branches (1--2'' long); flowers solitary, large; petals purple, obovate, much longer than the 5-cleft-calyx.--Rocks, Willoughby Mountain, Vt., and northward. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Stems ascending; leaves alternate; calyx coherent below with the capsule._

2. S. rivularis, L. (ALPINE BROOK-S.) Small, stems weak, 3--5-flowered; lower _leaves rounded, 3--5-lobed_, on slender petioles, the upper lanceolate; _petals white, ovate_.--Alpine region of the White Mts., to Lab. (Eu.)

3. S. aizoides, L. (YELLOW MOUNTAIN-S.) Low (3--5' high), in tufts, with few or several corymbose flowers; _leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, fleshy_, distantly spinulose-ciliate; _petals yellow, spotted with orange, oblong_.--N. Vt. to S. W. New York, N. Mich., and northward. June. (Eu.)

4. S. tricuspidata, Retz. Stems tufted (4--8' high), naked above; flowers corymbose, _leaves oblong or spatulate, with 3 rigid sharp teeth_ at the summit; _petals obovate-oblong, yellow_.--Shore of L. Superior, and northward. (Eu.)

[*][*][*] _Leaves clustered at the root; scape many-flowered, erect, clammy-pubescent._

[+] _Petals all alike._

5. S. Aizoon, Jacq. Scape 5--10' high; _leaves persistent, thick, spatulate, with white cartilaginous toothed margins_; calyx partly adherent; petals obovate, cream-color, often spotted at the base.--Moist rocks, Lab. to N. Vt., L. Superior, and northward. (Eu.)

6. S. Virginiensis, Michx. (EARLY S.) Low (4--9' high); _leaves obovate or oval-spatulate_, narrowed into a broad petiole, crenate-toothed, thickish; flowers in a clustered cyme, which is at length open and loosely panicled; lobes of the nearly free _calyx erect, not half the length of the oblong obtuse (white) petals_; follicles united merely at the base, divergent, purplish.--Exposed rocks and dry hillsides; N. Brunswick to Ga., and west to Minn., Ohio, and Tenn.; common, especially northward. April--June.

7. S. Pennsylvanica, L. (SWAMP S.) Large (1--2 deg. high); _leaves oblanceolate, obscurely toothed_ (4--8' long), narrowed at base into a short and broad petiole; cymes in a large oblong panicle, at first clustered; lobes of the nearly free _calyx recurved, about the length of the linear-lanceolate (greenish) small petals; filaments awl-shaped_, follicles at length divergent.--Bogs, N. Eng. to Va., west to Minn. and Iowa.

8. S. erosa, Pursh. (LETTUCE S.) _Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse, sharply toothed_, tapering into a margined petiole (8--12' long); scape slender (1--3 deg. high); panicle elongated, loosely flowered; pedicels slender; _calyx reflexed, entirely free, nearly as long as the oval obtuse (white) petals; filaments club-shaped_; follicles nearly separate, diverging, _narrow, pointed_, 2--3'' long.--Cold mountain brooks, Penn. to Va. and N. C.

9. S. Forbesii, Vasey. Stem stout, 2--4 deg. high; _leaves denticulate, oval to elongated oblong_ (4--8' long); _filaments filiform; follicles short, ovate_; otherwise as in the last.--Shaded cliffs, near Makanda, S. Ill. (_Forbes_); E. Mo. (_Lettermann._)

[+][+] _Petals unequal, with claws, white, all or some of them with a pair of yellow spots near the base; leaves oblong, wedge-shaped or spatulate; calyx free and reflexed._

10. S. leucanthemifolia, Michx. Leaves coarsely toothed or cut, tapering into a petiole; stems (5--18' high) bearing one or more leaves or leafy bracts and a loose, spreading corymbose or paniculate cyme; _petals_ lanceolate, the _3 larger ones with a heart-shaped base_ and a pair of spots, the 2 smaller with a tapering base and no spots.--Mts. of Va. to N. C. and Ga.

11. S. stellaris, L., var comosa, Willd. Leaves wedge-shaped, more or less toothed; scape (4--5' high) bearing a small contracted panicle, many or most of the flowers changed into little tufts of green leaves, _petals all lanceolate and tapering into the claw_.--Mt. Katahdin, Maine, north to Lab. and Greenland. (Eu.)

3. BOYKINIA, Nutt.

Calyx-tube top-shaped, coherent with the 2-celled and 2-beaked capsule. Stamens 5, as many as the deciduous petals, these mostly convolute in the bud. Otherwise as in Saxifraga.--Perennial herbs, with alternate palmately 5--7-lobed or cut petioled leaves, and white flowers in cymes. (Dedicated to the late _Dr. Boykin_ of Georgia.)

1. B. aconitifolia, Nutt. Stem glandular (6--20' high); leaves deeply 5--7-lobed.--Mountains of southwestern Va. to Ga. and Tenn. July.

4. SULLIVANTIA, Torr. & Gray.

Calyx bell-shaped, cohering below only with the base of the ovary, 5-cleft. Petals 5, oblanceolate, entire, acutish, withering-persistent. Stamens 5, shorter than the petals. Capsule 2-celled, 2-beaked, many-seeded, opening between the beaks, the seeds wing-margined, imbricated upward.--A low and reclined-spreading perennial herb, with rounded and cut-toothed or slightly lobed smooth leaves, on slender petioles, and small white flowers in a branched loosely cymose panicle, raised on a nearly leafless slender stem (6--12' long). Peduncles and calyx glandular; pedicels recurved in fruit. (Dedicated to the distinguished bryologist who discovered our species.)