Part 20

Flowers polygamous. Calyx short, 3--5-cleft, the lobes spreading. Petals as many as the sepals and equalling them, the 2 lower sometimes united. Stamens 3--10, distinct, inserted with the petals on the base of the calyx. Pod flat, 1--many-seeded. Seeds flat.--Thorny trees, with abruptly once or twice pinnate leaves, and inconspicuous greenish flowers in small spikes. Thorns above the axils. (Named in honor of _J. G. Gleditsch_, a botanist contemporary with Linnaeus.)

1. G. triacanthos, L. (THREE-THORNED ACACIA, or HONEY-LOCUST.) Thorns stout, often triple or compound; _leaflets lanceolate-oblong_, somewhat serrate; _pods linear, elongated_ (1--11/2 deg. long), often twisted, filled with sweet pulp between the seeds.--Rich woods, western N. Y. and Penn. to Ga., west to Mich., E. Neb., Kan., and La. A large tree, common in cultivation, with very hard and heavy wood.

2. G. aquatica, Marsh. (WATER-LOCUST.) Thorns slender, mostly simple; _leaflets ovate or oblong; pods oval, 1-seeded_, pulpless. (G. monosperma, _Walt._)--Deep swamps, Mo. to S. Ind., S. Car., and southward. A smaller tree, 30--40 deg. high.

45. DESMANTHUS, Willd.

Flowers perfect or polygamous, regular. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct. Stamens 5 or 10. Pod flat, membranaceous or somewhat coriaceous, several-seeded, 2-valved, smooth.--Herbs, with twice-pinnate leaves of numerous small leaflets, and with one or more glands on the petiole, setaceous stipules, and axillary peduncles bearing a head of small greenish-white flowers. (Name composed of [Greek: de/sma], _a bond_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_.)

1. D. brachylobus, Benth. Nearly glabrous perennial, erect (1--4 deg. high); pinnae 6--15 pairs; leaflets 20--30 pairs; peduncles 1--3' long; stamens 5; pods _numerous in dense globose heads, oblong or lanceolate_, curved, scarcely 1' long, 2--6-seeded.--Prairies and alluvial banks, Ind. and Ky. to Minn., Mo., and Tex.; also in Fla.

2. D. leptolobus, Torr. & Gray. Pinnae 5--8 pairs; leaflets 10--20 pairs; peduncles 1' long or less; heads rather loose, stamens 5; _pods usually few, narrowly linear, erect_, 1--2' long.--Central Kan. to Tex.

46. SCHRANKIA, Willd. SENSITIVE BRIAR.

Flowers polygamous, regular. Calyx minute, 5-toothed. Petals united into a funnel-form 5-cleft corolla. Stamens 10--12, distinct, or the filaments united at base. Pods long and narrow, rough-prickly, several-seeded, 4-valved, i.e., the two narrow valves separating on each side from a thickened margin.--Perennial herbs, nearly related to the true Sensitive Plants (Mimosa); the procumbent stems and petioles recurved-prickly, with twice-pinnate sensitive leaves of many small leaflets, and axillary peduncles bearing round heads of small rose-colored flowers. (Named for _F. P. Schrank_, a German botanist.)

1. S. uncinata, Willd. Prickles hooked; pinnae 4--6 pairs; _leaflets elliptical, reticulated_ with strong veins beneath; pods oblong-linear, nearly terete-short-pointed, densely prickly (2' long).--Dry sandy soil, Va. to Fla., west to S. Ill., Kan., and Tex.

2. S. angustata, Torr. & Gray. _Leaflets oblong-linear, scarcely veined_; pods slender, taper-pointed, sparingly prickly (about 4' long).--S. Va. (?) to Fla., Tenn., and Tex.

ORDER 33. ROSACEAE. (ROSE FAMILY.)

_Plants with regular flowers, numerous (rarely few) distinct stamens inserted on the calyx, and 1--many pistils, which are quite distinct, or (in the last tribe) united and combined with the calyx tube. Seeds (anatropous) 1--few in each ovary, almost always without albumen. Embryo straight, with large and thick cotyledons. Leaves alternate, with stipules_, these sometimes caducous, rarely obsolete or wanting.--Calyx of 5 or rarely 3--4--8 sepals (the odd one superior), united at the base, often appearing double by a row of bractlets outside. Petals as many as the sepals (rarely wanting), mostly imbricated in the bud, and inserted with the stamens on the edge of a disk that lines the calyx tube. Trees, shrubs, or herbs.--A large and important order, almost destitute of noxious qualities, and producing the most valuable fruits. Very intimately connected with Leguminosae on one hand, and with Saxifragaceae on the other.

I. Ovary superior and not enclosed in the calyx tube at maturity.

[*] Calyx deciduous, without bractlets, pistil solitary, becoming a drupe.

Tribe I. PRUNEAE. Trees or shrubs, with simple mostly serrate leaves. Ovules 2, pendulous, but seed almost always solitary. Style terminal.

1. Prunus. Flowers perfect. Lobes of calyx and corolla 5. Stone of the drupe bony.

[*][*] Calyx mostly persistent; pistils few to many (rarely solitary).

[+] Calyx without bractlets; ovules 2--many.

Tribe II. SPIRAEEAE. Pistils mostly 5, becoming 2--several seeded follicles. Shrubs or perennial herbs.

[a.] Calyx short, 5 cleft. Petals obovate, equal.

2. Spiraea. Flowers perfect or dioecious. Pods 1-valved. Herbs or shrubs; leaves simple or pinnate.

3. Physocarpus. Pods inflated, 2-valved. Shrub; leaves palmately lobed.

[b.] Calyx elongated, 5-toothed. Petals slender, unequal.

4. Gillenia. Herbs; leaves 3-foliolate.

Tribe III. RUBEAE. Pistils several or numerous, becoming drupelets in fruit. Ovules 2 and pendulous, but seed solitary. Perennials, herbaceous or with biennial soft-woody stems.

5. Rubus. Pistils numerous, fleshy in fruit, crowded upon a spongy receptacle.

6. Dalibarda. Pistils 5--10 in the bottom of the calyx, nearly dry in fruit.

[+][+] Calyx lobes mostly with bractlets; ovule solitary.

Tribe IV. POTENTILLEAE. Pistils few--many, 1-ovuled, becoming dry achenes. Herbs.

[a.] Styles persistent and elongated after anthesis, often plumose or jointed.

7. Geum. Calyx lobes usually with 5 alternating small bractlets. Stamens and carpels numerous, styles becoming plumose or hairy tails, or naked and straight or jointed.

[b.] Styles not elongated after anthesis, mostly deciduous.

8. Waldsteinia. Petals and calyx lobes 5; small or no bractlets. Stamens numerous. Achenes 2--6; styles deciduous from the base.

9. Fragaria. Flower as in Potentilla. Receptacle much enlarged and pulpy in fruit.

10. Potentilla. Petals 5 (rarely 4) conspicuous. Calyx lobes as many, with an alternating set of bractlets. Stamens and achenes numerous; the latter heaped on a dry receptacle. Styles commonly more or less lateral, deciduous or not enlarging in fruit.

11. Sibbaldia. Petals minute; stamens and achenes 5--10; otherwise as Potentilla.

II. Ovaries inferior or enclosed in the calyx-tube.

Tribe V. POTERIEAE. Pistils 1--4, becoming achenes, completely enclosed in the dry and firm calyx-tube, which is constricted or nearly closed at the throat. Herbs with compound or lobed leaves. Petals often none.

12. Alchemilla. Calyx urceolate, bracteolate. Petals none. Stamens 1--4. Flowers minute, clustered.

13. Agrimonia. Calyx turbinate, with a margin of hooked prickles. Stamens 5--12. Flowers yellow, in long racemes.

14. Poterium. Calyx lobes petaloid; tube 4-angled, naked. Petals none. Flowers densely capitate or spicate.

Tribe VI. ROSEAE. Pistils many, becoming bony achenes, enclosed in the globose or urn-shaped fleshy calyx-tube, which resembles a pome. Petals conspicuous. Stamens numerous.

15. Rosa. The only genus. Prickly shrubs with pinnate leaves.

Tribe VII. POMEAE. Carpels 2--5, enclosed in and coalescent with the fleshy or berry-like calyx, in fruit becoming a 2--several-celled pome. Trees or shrubs, with stipules free from the petiole.

[a.] Cells of the compound ovary as many as the styles (2--5), each 2- (rarely several-) ovuled.

16. Pyrus. Pome containing 2--5 papery or cartilaginous carpels.

17. Crataegus. Pome drupe-like, with 1--5 bony stones or kernels. Usually thorny.

[b.] Cells of the compound ovary becoming twice as many as the styles, each 1-ovuled.

18. Amelanchier. Pome usually of 5 carpels; each becomes incompletely 2-celled by a projection from its back; otherwise as Pyrus.

1. PRUNUS, Tourn. PLUM, CHERRY, ETC.

Calyx 5-cleft, the tube bell-shaped, urn-shaped, or tubular-obconical, deciduous after flowering. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 15--20. Pistil solitary, with 2 pendulous ovules. Drupe fleshy, with a bony stone.--Small trees or shrubs, with mostly edible fruit. (The ancient Latin name.)

Sec. 1. PRUNUS proper (and CERASUS). _Drupe smooth, and the stone smooth or somewhat rugged; flowers (usually white) from separate lateral scaly buds in early spring, preceding or coetaneous with the leaves; the pedicels few or several in simple umbel-like clusters._

1. P. Americana, Marshall. (WILD YELLOW or RED PLUM.) Tree thorny, 8--20 deg. high; _leaves ovate_ or somewhat obovate, _conspicuously pointed, coarsely or doubly serrate; very veiny, glabrous when mature_; fruit nearly destitute of bloom, roundish oval, yellow, orange, or red, 1/2--{2/3}' in diameter, with the turgid stone more or less acute on both margins, or in cultivated states 1' or more in diameter, the flattened stone with broader margins; pleasant-tasted, but with a tough and acerb skin.--Woodlands and river banks, common.

2. P. maritima, Wang. (BEACH PLUM.) Low and straggling (1--5 deg.); _leaves ovate or oval, finely serrate, softly pubescent underneath_; pedicels short, pubescent; fruit globular, purple or crimson with a bloom (1/2--1' in diameter); the stone very turgid, _acute on one edge_, rounded and minutely grooved on the other.--Sea beaches and the vicinity, N. Brunswick to Va. It varies, when at some distance from the coast (N. J. and southward), with the leaves smoother and thinner and the fruit smaller.

3. P. Alleghaniensis, Porter. A low straggling shrub or small tree (3--15 deg. high), seldom thorny; _leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate, often long-acuminate, finely and sharply serrate_, softly pubescent when young, glabrate with age; _fruit globose-ovoid, very dark purple with a bloom_ (less than 1/2' in diameter); stone turgid, a shallow groove on one side and a broad flat ridge on the other.--Bluffs of the Alleghany Mts., Penn.

4. P. Chicasa, Michx. (CHICKASAW PLUM.) Stem scarcely thorny (8--15 deg. high); _leaves nearly lanceolate, finely serrulate, glabrous_; fruit globular, _red, nearly destitute of bloom_ (1/2--{2/3}' in diameter); the ovoid stone almost as thick as wide, rounded at both sutures, one of them minutely grooved.--Md. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Kan., and Tex.

5. P. gracilis, Engelm. & Gray. _Soft-pubescent_, 1--4 deg. high; _leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acute, sharply serrate_, becoming nearly glabrous above, 1--2' long; _pedicels and calyx pubescent_; fruit less than 1/2' in diameter; stone rather turgid, suborbicular.--Prairies and sandy places, S. Kan. to Tex. and Tenn.

6. P. pumila, L. (DWARF CHERRY. SAND C.) Smooth, depressed and trailing (6'--6 deg. high); _leaves obovate-lanceolate, tapering to the base_, somewhat toothed near the apex, _pale underneath_; flowers 2--4 together; fruit ovoid, dark red or nearly black when ripe, without bloom; stone ovoid, marginless, of the size of a large pea.--Rocks or sandy banks, N. Brunswick to Va., west to Minn. and Kan. Fruit usually sour and astringent.

7. P. Pennsylvanica, L. f. (WILD RED CHERRY.) Tree 20--30 deg. high, with light red-brown bark; _leaves oblong-lanceolate, pointed, finely and sharply serrate, shining, green and smooth both sides_; flowers many in a cluster, on long pedicels; fruit globose, light red, very small, with thin and sour flesh; stone globular.--Rocky woods, Newf. to N. C., west to Minn. and Mo.

P. SPINOSA, L. (SLOE. BLACK THORN.) Branches thorny; _leaves obovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate, at length glabrous_; pedicels glabrous; fruit small, globular, black with a bloom, the stone turgid, acute on one edge.--Var. INSITITIA (BULLACE-PLUM), is less spiny, the pedicels and lower side of the leaves pubescent.--Roadsides and waste places, N. Eng. to Penn. and N. J. (Adv. from Eu.)

Sec. 2. PADUS. _Drupe small, globose, without bloom; the stone turgid-ovate, marginless; flowers in racemes terminating leafy branches, therefore appearing after the leaves, late in spring._

8. P. Virginiana, L. (CHOKE-CHERRY.) A tall shrub, with grayish bark; _leaves oval, oblong, or obovate, abruptly pointed, very sharply (often doubly) serrate with slender teeth_, thin; petals roundish; fruit red turning to dark crimson; stone smooth.--River-banks, Newf. to Ga., west to Minn., E. Neb., and Tex.--Fruit very austere and astringent. A variety with very short dense racemes and sweeter yellowish fruit has been found at Dedham, Mass.

9. P. serotina, Ehrh. (WILD BLACK CHERRY.) A large tree, with reddish-brown branches; _leaves oblong or lanceolate-oblong, taper-pointed, serrate with incurved short and callous teeth_, thickish, shining above; racemes elongated; petals obovate; fruit purplish-black.--Woods, N. Scotia to Fla., west to Minn., E. Neb., and La.--Fruit slightly bitter, but with a pleasant vinous flavor.

10. P. demissa, Walp. Low but tree-like in habit, 3--12 deg. high, resembling n. 8 in foliage, but the leaves rather thick and the teeth less slender; racemes often elongated; fruit purplish-black, sweet and but slightly astringent.--Central Kan. and Neb. to New Mex., Dak., and westward.

2. SPIRAEA, L. MEADOW-SWEET.

Calyx 5-cleft, short, persistent. Petals 5, obovate, equal, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 10--50. Pods (follicles) 5--8, not inflated, few--several-seeded. Seeds linear, with a thin or loose coat and no albumen.--Shrubs or perennial herbs, with simple or pinnate leaves, and white or rose-colored flowers in corymbs or panicles. (The Greek name, from [Greek: speira/o], _to twist_, from the twisting of the pods in the original species.)

Sec. 1. SPIRAEA proper. _Erect shrubs, with simple leaves; stipules obsolete; pods mostly 5, several-seeded._

1. S. betulaefolia, Pall., var. corymbosa, Watson. Nearly smooth (1--2 deg. high); leaves oval or ovate, cut-toothed toward the apex; _corymbs large, flat_, several times compound; _flowers white_. (S. corymbosa, _Raf._)--Mountains of Penn. and N. J. to Ga., west to Ky. and Mo.

2. S. salicifolia, L. (COMMON MEADOW-SWEET.) _Nearly smooth_ (2--3 deg. high); leaves wedge-lanceolate, simply or doubly serrate; _flowers in a crowded panicle_, white or flesh-color; pods smooth.--Wet or low grounds, Newf. to the mountains of Ga., west to Minn. and Mo.; also to the far northwest. (Eu.)

3. S. tomentosa, L. (HARDHACK. STEEPLE-BUSH.) _Stems and lower surface of the_ ovate or oblong serrate _leaves very woolly_; flowers in short racemes crowded in a dense panicle, rose-color, rarely white; pods woolly.--Low grounds, N. Scotia to the mountains of Ga., west to Minn. and Kan.

Sec. 2. ULMARIA. _Perennial herbs, with pinnate leaves and panicled cymose flowers; stipules kidney-form; pods 5--8, 1--2-seeded._

4. S. lobata, Jacq. (QUEEN OF THE PRAIRIE.) Glabrous (2--8 deg. high); leaves interruptedly pinnate; the terminal leaflet very large, 7--9-parted, the lobes incised and toothed; panicle compound-clustered, on a long naked peduncle; flowers deep peach-blossom color, handsome, the petals and sepals often in fours.--Meadows and prairies, Penn. to Ga., west to Mich., Ky., and Iowa.

Sec. 3. ARUNCUS. _Perennial herbs, with dioecious whitish flowers in many slender spikes, disposed in a long compound panicle; leaves thrice pinnate; stipules obsolete; pods 3--5, several-seeded; pedicels reflexed in fruit._

5. S. Aruncus, L. (GOAT'S-BEARD.) Smooth, tall; leaflets thin, lanceolate-oblong, or the terminal ones ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, sharply cut and serrate.--Rich woods, N. Y. and Penn. to Ga. in the mountains, west to Iowa and Mo.

3. PHYSOCARPUS, Maxim. NINE-BARK.

Carpels 1--5, inflated, 2-valved; ovules 2--4. Seeds roundish, with a smooth and shining crustaceous testa and copious albumen. Stamens 30--40. Otherwise as Spiraea.--Shrubs, with simple palmately-lobed leaves and umbel-like corymbs of white flowers. (Name from [Greek: phy~sa], _a bladder_, and [Greek: karpo/s], _fruit_.)

1. P. opulifolius, Maxim. Shrub 4--10 deg. high, with long recurved branches, the old bark loose and separating in numerous thin layers; leaves roundish, somewhat 3-lobed and heart-shaped; the purplish membranaceous pods very conspicuous. (Spiraea opulifolia, _L._ Neillia opulifolia, _Benth. & Hook._)--Rocky banks of streams, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Mo., and the Pacific northward. Often cultivated.

4. GILLENIA, Moench. INDIAN PHYSIC.

Calyx narrow, somewhat constricted at the throat, 5-toothed; teeth erect. Petals 5, rather unequal, linear-lanceolate, inserted in the throat of the calyx, convolute in the bud. Stamens 10--20, included. Pods 5, included, at first lightly cohering with each other, 2--4-seeded. Seeds ascending, with a close coriaceous coat, and some albumen.--Perennial herbs, with almost sessile 3-foliolate leaves; the thin leaflets doubly serrate and incised. Flowers loosely paniculate-corymbed, pale rose-color or white. (Dedicated to an obscure German botanist or physician, _A. Gille_, or _Gillenius_.)

1. G. trifoliata, Moench. (BOWMAN'S ROOT.) Leaflets ovate-oblong, pointed, cut-serrate; stipules small, awl-shaped, entire.--Rich woods, N. Y. to N. J. and Ga., west to Mich., Ind., and Mo.

2. G. stipulacea, Nutt. (AMERICAN IPECAC.) Leaflets lanceolate, deeply incised; stipules large and leaf-like, doubly incised.--Western N. Y. and Penn. to S. Ind. and Kan., south to Ala. and La.

5. RUBUS, Tourn. BRAMBLE.

Calyx 5-parted, without bractlets. Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens numerous. Achenes usually many, collected on a spongy or succulent receptacle, becoming small drupes; styles nearly terminal.--Perennial herbs, or somewhat shrubby plants, with white (rarely reddish) flowers, and edible fruit. (The Roman name, kindred with _ruber_, red.)

Sec. 1. _Fruit, or collective mass of drupes, falling off whole from the dry receptacle when ripe, or of few grains which fall separately._--RASPBERRY.

[*] _Leaves simple; flowers large; prickles none; fruit and receptacle flat and broad._

1. R. odoratus, L. (PURPLE FLOWERING-RASPBERRY.) _Stem shrubby_ (3--5 deg. high); _branches, stalks, and calyx bristly with glandular clammy hairs_; leaves 3--5-lobed, the lobes pointed and minutely toothed, the middle one prolonged; peduncles many-flowered; flowers showy (2' broad); calyx-lobes tipped with a long narrow appendage; _petals rounded, purple rose-color_; fruit reddish.--N. Scotia to N. J. and Ga., west to Mich.

2. R. Nutkanus, Mocino. (SALMON-BERRY.) _Glandular_, scarcely bristly; leaves almost equally 5-lobed, coarsely toothed; peduncles few-flowered; _petals oval, white_.--Upper Mich., Minn., and westward.

3. R. Chamaemorus, L. (CLOUD-BERRY. BAKED-APPLE BERRY.) _Herbaceous, low, dioecious; stem simple, 2--3-leaved, 1-flowered_; leaves roundish-kidney-form, somewhat 5-lobed, serrate, wrinkled; calyx-lobes pointless; _petals obovate, white_; fruit of few grains, amber-color.--In sphagnous swamps, highest peaks of White Mts., coast of E. Maine, and north and west to the Arctic regions. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Leaflets (pinnately or pedately) 3--5; petals small, erect, white._

[+] _Stems annual, herbaceous, not prickly; fruit of few separate grains._

4. R. triflorus, Richardson. (DWARF RASPBERRY.) Stems ascending (6--12' high) or trailing, leaflets 3 (or pedately 5), rhombic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends, coarsely doubly serrate, thin, smooth; peduncle 1--3-flowered.--Wooded hillsides, Lab. to N. J., west to Minn. and Iowa. Sepals and petals often 6 or 7. This appears to be more properly a blackberry.

[+][+] _Stems biennial and woody, prickly; receptacle oblong; fruit hemispherical._

5. R. strigosus, Michx. (WILD RED RASPBERRY.) _Stems upright_, and with the stalks, etc., _beset with stiff straight bristles_ (or a few becoming weak hooked prickles), glandular when young, somewhat glaucous; leaflets 3--5, oblong-ovate, pointed, cut-serrate, whitish-downy underneath, the lateral ones sessile; petals as long as the sepals; _fruit light red_.--Thickets and hills, Lab. to N. J., and south in the mountains to N. C., west to Minn. and Mo.

6. R. occidentalis, L. (BLACK RASPBERRY. THIMBLEBERRY.) _Glaucous all over; stems recurved, armed_ like the stalks, etc., _with hooked prickles, not bristly_; leaflets 3 (rarely 5), ovate, pointed, coarsely doubly serrate, whitened-downy underneath, the lateral ones somewhat stalked; petals shorter than the sepals; _fruit purple-black_ (rarely a whitish variety), ripe early in July.--Common, especially northward.--An apparent hybrid (R. neglectus, _Peck_) between this and the last species occurs, with characters intermediate between the two, and growing with them.

Sec. 2. _Fruit, or collective drupes, not separating from the juicy prolonged receptacle, mostly ovate or oblong, blackish; stems prickly and flowers white._--BLACKBERRY.

7. R. villosus, Ait. (COMMON or HIGH BLACKBERRY.) Shrubby (1--6 deg. high), furrowed, _upright or reclining, armed with stout curved prickles_; branchlets, stalks, and lower surface of the leaves _hairy and glandular_; leaflets 3 (or pedately 5), ovate, pointed, unequally serrate, the terminal ones somewhat heart-shaped, conspicuously stalked; _flowers racemed, numerous_; bracts short; sepals linear-pointed, much shorter than the obovate-oblong spreading petals.--Borders of thickets, etc., common, and very variable in size, aspect, and shape of fruit.--Var. FRONDOSUS, Torr., is smoother and much less glandular, with flowers more corymbose, leafy bracts and roundish petals. With the type, more common at the north.--Var. HUMIFUSUS, Torr. & Gray, is smaller and trailing, with peduncles few-flowered. More common southward, and connecting with the next species.

8. R. Canadensis, L. (LOW BLACKBERRY. DEWBERRY.) _Shrubby, extensively trailing, slightly prickly_; leaflets 3 (or pedately 5--7), oval or ovate-lanceolate, mostly pointed, thin, _nearly smooth_, sharply cut-serrate; flowers racemed, with leaf-like bracts.--Dry fields, common; Newf. to Va., west to central Minn. and E. Kan.

9. R. hispidus, L. (RUNNING SWAMP-BLACKBERRY.) _Stems slender, scarcely woody, extensively procumbent, beset with small reflexed prickles_; leaflets 3 (or rarely pedately 5), _smooth, thickish, mostly persistent_, obovate, obtuse, coarsely serrate, entire toward the base; _peduncles leafless, several-flowered, often bristly; flowers small_; fruit of few grains, black.--In low woods or swampy grassy ground, N. Scotia to Ga., west to Minn. and E. Kan.

10. R. cuneifolius, Pursh. (SAND BLACKBERRY.) _Shrubby_ (1--3 deg. high), _upright, armed with stout recurved prickles, branchlets and lower side of the leaves whitish-woolly_; leaflets 3--5, wedge-obovate, thickish, serrate above; peduncles 2--4-flowered; _petals large_.--Sandy woods, southern N. Y. and Penn. to Fla., west to Mo. and La.

11. R. trivialis, Michx. (LOW BUSH-BLACKBERRY.) _Shrubby, procumbent_, bristly and prickly; _leaves evergreen, coriaceous, nearly glabrous_; leaflets 3 (or pedately 5), ovate-oblong or lanceolate, sharply serrate; peduncles 1--3-flowered; petals large.--Sandy soil, Va. to Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.

6. DALIBARDA, L.

Calyx deeply 5--6-parted, 3 of the divisions larger and toothed. Petals 5, sessile, deciduous. Stamens many. Ovaries 5--10, becoming nearly dry seed-like drupes; styles terminal, deciduous.--Low perennials, with creeping and densely tufted stems or rootstocks, and roundish-heart-shaped crenate leaves on slender petioles. Flowers 1 or 2, white, on scape-like peduncles. (Named in honor of _Thomas Dalibard_, a French botanist of the time of Linnaeus.)

1. D. repens, L. Downy; sepals spreading in the flower, converging and enclosing the fruit.--Wooded banks; common northward. June--Aug.--In aspect and foliage resembling a stemless Violet.

7. GEUM, L. AVENS.