Part 13

Sepals 5, equal, erect. Petals 5, equal-sided, oblong, naked, imbricated in the bud. Stamens 9 (rarely more), united in 3 sets; the sets separated by as many large orange-colored glands. Pod 3-celled, oblong, styles distinct.--Perennial herbs, in marshes or shallow water, with small close clusters of flesh-colored flowers in the axils of the leaves and at the summit of the stem. (Name [Greek: e(lo/des], _growing in marshes_, accidentally changed to ELODEA by Jussieu, who was followed by Pursh, etc.)

1. E. campanulata, Pursh. _Leaves closely sessile or clasping by a broad base_, oblong or ovate, very obtuse; filaments united below the middle. (E. Virginica, _Nutt._)--Common in swamps; 1--2 deg. high. July, Aug.

2. E. petiolata, Pursh. Taller, more branching; _leaves tapering into a short petiole, oblong_; filaments united beyond the middle.--From Va. south and westward.

ORDER 19. TERNSTROEMIACEAE. (TEA OR CAMELLIA FAMILY.)

_Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple feather-veined leaves, and no stipules, the regular flowers hypogynous and polyandrous, the sepals and petals both imbricated in aestivation, the stamens more or less united at the base with each other (monadelphous or 3--5-adelphous) and with the base of the petals._--Anthers 2-celled, introrse. Fruit a woody 3--5-celled loculicidal pod. Seeds few, with little or no albumen. Embryo large, with broad cotyledons.--A family with showy flowers, the types of which are the well-known CAMELLIA and the more important TEA PLANT,--represented in this country by the two following genera.

1. STUARTIA, L.

Sepals 5, rarely 6, ovate or lanceolate. Petals 5, rarely 6, obovate, crenulate. Stamens monadelphous below. Pod 5-celled. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, crustaceous, anatropous, ascending. Embryo straight, nearly as long as the albumen; radicle longer than the cotyledons.--Shrubs with membranaceous deciduous oblong-ovate serrulate leaves, soft-downy beneath, and large short-peduncled flowers solitary in their axils. (Named for _John Stuart_, Marquis of Bute.)

1. S. Virginica, Cav. Petals 5, white (1' long); sepals ovate; style 1; stigma 5-toothed; pod globular, blunt; seeds not margined.--Woods, Va., and southward.

2. S. pentagyna, L'Her. Leaves larger, 5--6' long; sepals acute; petals often 6; styles 5, distinct; pod angled, pointed; seeds wing-margined.--Mountains of Ky., Car., and southward.

2. GORDONIA, Ellis. LOBLOLLY BAY.

Sepals 5, rounded, concave. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens 5-adelphous, one cluster adhering to the base of each petal. Style 1. Pod ovoid, 5-valved; the valves separating from the persistent axis; cells 2--8-seeded. Seeds pendulous. Embryo straightish, with a short radicle, and thin longitudinally plaited cotyledons.--Shrubs or small trees, with large and showy white flowers on axillary peduncles. (Dedicated by Dr. Garden to his "old master, _Dr. James Gordon_ of Aberdeen," and by Ellis to a London nurseryman of the same name.)

1. G. Lasianthus, L. (LOBLOLLY BAY.) Leaves coriaceous and persistent, lanceolate-oblong, narrowed at the base, minutely serrate, smooth and shining; pod pointed; seeds winged above.--Swamps near the coast, Va. and southward. May--July.--Petals 11/2' long.

ORDER 20. MALVACEAE. (MALLOW FAMILY.)

_Herbs or shrubs, with alternate stipulate leaves and regular flowers, the calyx valvate and the corolla convolute in the bud, numerous stamens monadelphous in a column, and united at base with the short claws of the petals, 1-celled anthers, and kidney-shaped seeds._--Sepals 5, united at base, persistent, often involucellate with a whorl of bractlets forming a sort of exterior calyx. Petals 5. Anthers kidney-shaped, opening along the top. Pistils several, the ovaries united in a ring or forming a several-celled pod. Seeds with little albumen; embryo curved, the leafy cotyledons variously doubled up.--Mucilaginous, innocent plants, with tough bark and palmately-veined leaves. Flower-stalks with a joint, axillary.

Tribe I. MALVEAE. Columns of stamens anther-bearing at the top. Ovaries and carpels 5--20 or more, closely united in a ring around a central axis, from which they separate after ripening.

[*] Stigmas occupying the inner face of the styles; carpels 1-seeded, falling away separately.

1. Althaea. Involucel of 6 to 9 bractlets.

2. Malva. Involucel of 3 bractlets. Petals obcordate. Carpels rounded, beakless.

3. Callirrhoe. Involucel of 1--3 bractlets or none. Petals truncate. Carpels beaked.

4. Napaea. Involucel none. Flowers dioecious. Stamens few (15--20). Carpels beakless.

[*][*] Stigmas terminal, capitate; carpels 1--few-seeded, usually dehiscent.

5. Malvastrum. Involucel of 3 bractlets or none. Seed solitary, filling the cell, ascending.

6. Sida. Involucel none. Seed solitary in the cells, pendulous.

7. Sphaeralcea. Bractlets 3. Seeds 2 or 3 in each cell.

8. Abutilon. Involucel none. Seeds 3--9 in each cell.

9. Modiola. Bractlets 3. Seeds 2 in each cell, with a transverse partition between them.

Tribe II. HIBISCEAE. Column of stamens anther-bearing for a considerable part of its length, naked and 5-toothed at the very apex. Pod mostly 5-celled, loculicidal, leaving scarcely any axis in the centre after opening.

10. Kosteletzkya. Involucel of several bractlets. Pod 5-celled, 5-seeded.

11. Hibiscus. Involucel of many bractlets. Pod 5-celled, many-seeded.

1. ALTHAEA, L. MARSH-MALLOW.

Calyx surrounded by a 6--9-cleft involucel. Otherwise as in Malva. (Old Greek and Latin name, from [Greek: a)/ltho], _to cure_, in allusion to its healing properties.)

A. OFFICINALIS, L. (MARSH-MALLOW.) Stem erect, 2--4 deg. high; leaves ovate or slightly heart-shaped, toothed, sometimes 3-lobed, velvety-downy; peduncles axillary, many-flowered; flowers pale rose-color.--Salt marshes, coast of N. Eng. and N. Y. Aug., Sept.--Perennial root thick, abounding in mucilage, the bases of the _Pates de Guimauve_. (Nat. from Eu.)

2. MALVA, L. MALLOW.

Calyx with a 3-leaved involucel at the base, like an outer calyx. Petals obcordate. Styles numerous, stigmatic down the inner side. Fruit depressed, separating at maturity into as many 1-seeded and indehiscent round kidney-shaped blunt carpels as there are styles. Radicle pointing downward. (An old Latin name, from the Greek name, [Greek: mala/che], having allusion to the emollient leaves.)

[*] _Flowers fascicled in the axils._

M. ROTUNDIFOLIA, L. (COMMON MALLOW.) _Stems procumbent_ from a deep biennial root; _leaves_ round-heart-shaped, on very long petioles, crenate, _obscurely-lobed_; petals twice the length of the calyx, whitish; carpels pubescent, even.--Waysides and cultivated grounds; common. (Nat. from Eu.)

M. SYLVESTRIS, L. (HIGH M.) Biennial; _stem erect, branched_ (2--3 deg. high); _leaves sharply 5--7-lobed_; petals thrice the length of the calyx, large, purple and rose-color; carpels wrinkled-veiny.--Waysides. (Adv. from Eu.)

M. CRISPA, L. (CURLED M.) A _tall, erect_ annual, with round and angled toothed and _crisped leaves_, and small _sessile flowers_ crowded in the axils.--Sparingly escaped from old gardens. (Adv. from Eu.)

[*][*] _Flowers only in the upper axils, somewhat racemose or paniculate._

M. MOSCHATA, L. (MUSK M.) A low perennial, with the _stem-leaves 5-parted, and the divisions once or twice parted or cleft_ into linear lobes, faintly musky-scented, the _flowers rose-color_ or white (11/2' in diameter) on short peduncles crowded on the stem and branches, the fruit downy.--Escaped from gardens to waysides. (Adv. from Eu.)

M. ALCEA, L., with the _stem-leaves only once 5-parted or cleft_, the lobes incised, large flowers like the last, but the fruit smooth, and bractlets of the involucel ovate, has escaped from gardens. (Adv. from Eu.)

3. CALLIRRHOE, Nutt.

Calyx either naked or with a 3-leaved involucel at its base. Petals wedge-shaped and truncate (usually red-purple). Styles, etc., as in Malva. Carpels 10--20, straightish, with a short empty beak, separated within from the 1-seeded cell by a narrow projection, indehiscent or partly 2-valved. Radicle pointing downward. (Name drawn from Greek mythology.)

[*] _Involucel 3-leaved._

1. C. triangulata, Gray. Hairy-pubescent; stems nearly erect (2 deg. high) from a tuberous root; leaves triangular or halberd-shaped, or the lowest rather heart-shaped, coarsely crenate; the upper incised or 3--5-cleft; flowers panicled, short-pedicelled (purple); involucel as long as the 5-cleft 5-nerved calyx; carpels not rugose.--Dry prairies, Ind. to Minn., and southward.

2. C. involucrata, Gray. Hirsute or hispid, procumbent; leaves rounded, 5--7-parted or -cleft, the segments incisely lobed; peduncles elongated, 1-flowered; calyx 5-parted, the lanceolate 3--5-nerved sepals twice as long as the involucel; petals red or purplish, carpels indehiscent, rugose-reticulated.--Minn. to Tex.

[*][*] _Involucel none; calyx 5-parted; carpels strongly rugose._

3. C. alcaeoides, Gray. Strigose-pubescent; stems slender (1 deg. high), erect from a perennial root; lower leaves triangular-heart-shaped, incised, the upper 5--7-parted, laciniate, the uppermost divided into linear segments; flowers (rose-color or white) corymbose, on slender peduncles--Barren oak-lands, S. Ky. to Kan. and Neb.

4. C. digitata, Nutt. Sparsely hirsute or glabrous, erect; leaves few, round-cordate, 5--7-parted, the cauline commonly with linear divisions; peduncles subracemose, long, filiform; flowers red-purple to white.--Kan. to Tex.

4. NAPAEA, Clayt. GLADE MALLOW.

Calyx naked at the base, 5-toothed. Petals entire. _Flowers dioecious_; the staminate flowers destitute of pistils, with 15--20 anthers; the fertile with a short column of filaments but usually no anthers. Styles 8--10, stigmatic along the inside. Fruit depressed-globular, separating when ripe into as many kidney-shaped 1-seeded beakless and scarcely dehiscent carpels as there are styles. Radicle pointing downward.--A tall roughish perennial herb, with very large 9--11-parted lower leaves, the pointed lobes pinnatifid-cut and toothed, and with small white flowers in panicled clustered corymbs. (Named from [Greek: na/pe], a glade or dell, or, poetically, a nymph of the glades.)

1. N. dioica, L. Stems nearly simple, 5--9 deg. high.--Penn. to Va., and west to Iowa and Minn.; rare. July.

5. MALVASTRUM, Gray. FALSE MALLOW.

Calyx with an involucel of 2 or 3 bractlets, or none. Petals notched at the end or entire. Styles 5 or more; stigmas capitate. Carpels as in Malva, or else as in Sida, but the solitary kidney-shaped seed ascending and the radicle pointing downward, as in the former. (Name altered from _Malva_.)

1. M. angustum, Gray. Annual, slightly hairy, erect (6'--1 deg. high); leaves lance-oblong or linear, with scattered fine callous teeth; flowers in the upper axils, on peduncles shorter than the broadly ovate-triangular sepals; bractlets and stipules setaceous; petals yellow, scarcely exceeding the calyx; carpels 5, kidney-shaped, smooth, at length 2-valved.--W. Tenn. to Iowa and Kan. Aug.

2. M. coccineum, Gray. Perennial, low and hoary; leaves 5-parted or pedate, flowers in short spikes or racemes, the pink-red petals very much longer than the calyx; carpels 10 or more, reticulated on the sides and indehiscent.--Minn. to W. Tex., and westward.

6. SIDA, L.

Calyx naked at the base, 5-cleft. Petals entire, usually oblique. Styles 5 or more, tipped with capitate stigmas; the ripe fruit separating into as many 1-seeded carpels, which are closed, or commonly 2-valved at the top, and tardily separate from the axis. Seed pendulous. Embryo abruptly bent; the radicle pointing upward. (A name used by Theophrastus.)

1. S. Napaea, Cav. A smooth, tall (4--10 deg. high) perennial; _leaves 3--7-cleft_, the lobes oblong and pointed, toothed; _flowers (white) umbellate-corymbed_, 1' wide; carpels 10, pointed.--Rocky river-banks, along the Alleghanies, Penn. to Va., rare. (Cultivated in old gardens.)

2. S. Elliottii, Torr. & Gray. A smooth, erect perennial (1--4 deg. high); _leaves linear_, serrate, short-petioled; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, short; _flowers (yellow)_ rather large; _carpels 9--10, slightly and abruptly pointed_, forming a depressed fruit.--Sandy soil, S. Va. and southward. May--Aug.

S. SPINOSA, L. Annual weed, minutely and softly pubescent, low (10--20' high), much branched; _leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong_, serrate, rather long-petioled; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the petiole; _flowers (yellow)_ small; _carpels 5_, combined into an ovate fruit, _each splitting at the top into 2 beaks_.--A little tubercle at the base of the leaves on the stronger plants gives the specific name, but it cannot be called a spine.--Waste places, S. New York to Iowa, and common southward. (Nat. from the tropics.)

7. SPHAERALCEA, St. Hil.

Ovules and seeds usually 2 or 3 in each cell. Characters otherwise as in Malvastrum. (Name from [Greek: sphai~ra], _a sphere_, and [Greek: a)lke/a], _a mallow_--from the commonly spherical fruit.)

1. S. acerifolia, Nutt. Perennial, erect, 2--6 deg. high, stellately pubescent or glabrate; leaves maple-shaped, 3--7-cleft; flowers clustered in the upper axils and subspicate, rose-color to white.--Kankakee Co., Ill., _E. J. Hill_; Dak. and westward.

8. ABUTILON, Tourn. INDIAN MALLOW.

Carpels 2--9-seeded, at length 2-valved. Radicle ascending or pointing inward. Otherwise as in Sida. (Name of unknown origin.)

A. AVICENNAE, Gaertn. (VELVET-LEAF.) Tall annual (4 deg. high); leaves roundish-heart-shaped, taper-pointed, velvety; peduncles shorter than the leaf-stalks; corolla yellow; carpels 12--15, hairy, beaked.--Waste places, escaped from gardens. (Adv. from India.)

9. MODIOLA, Moench.

Calyx with a 3-leaved involucel. Petals obovate. Stamens 10--20. Stigmas capitate. Carpels 14--20, kidney-shaped, pointed, and at length 2-valved at the top; the cavity divided into two by a cross partition, with a single seed in each cell.--Humble, procumbent or creeping annuals or biennials, with cut leaves and small purplish flowers solitary in the axils. (Name from _modiolus_, the broad and depressed fruit resembling in shape the Roman measure of that name.)

1. M. multifida, Moench. Hairy; leaves 3--5-cleft and incised; stamens 15--20; fruit hispid at the top.--Low grounds, Va. and southward.

10. KOSTELETZKYA, Presl.

Pod depressed, with a single seed in each cell. Otherwise as Hibiscus. (Named after _V. F. Kosteletzky_, a Bohemian botanist.)

1. K. Virginica, Gray. Roughish-hairy perennial (2--4 deg. high); leaves halberd-shaped and heart-shaped, the lower 3-lobed; corolla 2' wide, rose-color; column slender.--Marshes on the coast, N. Y. and southward. Aug.

11. HIBISCUS, L. ROSE-MALLOW.

Calyx involucellate at the base by a row of numerous bractlets, 5-cleft. Column of stamens long, bearing anthers for much of its length. Styles united, stigmas 5, capitate. Fruit a 5-celled loculicidal pod. Seeds several or many in each cell.--Herbs or shrubs, usually with large and showy flowers. (An old Greek and Latin name of unknown meaning.)

[*] _Indigenous tall perennials (4--8 deg. high), flowering late in summer._

1. H. Moscheutos, L. (SWAMP ROSE-MALLOW.) _Leaves ovate_, pointed, toothed, the lower 3-lobed, the uppermost oblong-lanceolate, all whitened underneath with a fine soft down, glabrous or slightly downy above; the 1-flowered peduncles sometimes united at the base with the petioles; bractlets not hairy; _calyx not inflated; pod and seeds smooth_ or nearly so.--Brackish marshes along the coast, from E. Mass. southward, and lake shores and swamps westward to Ill. and Mo., especially within the influence of salt springs.--Corolla 5--6' in diameter, light rose-color or white, with or without a crimson eye.

2. H. lasiocarpus, Cav. Leaves soft-downy both sides, the lower broadly ovate and heart-shaped; bractlets ciliate; pod hirsute;--otherwise resembling the last. (H. grandiflorus, _Michx._)--Ind. to Mo., and southward.

3. H. militaris, Cav. (HALBERD-LEAVED R.) _Smooth throughout_; lower leaves ovate-heart-shaped, toothed, 3-lobed; _upper leaves halberd-form_, the short lateral lobes spreading at the base, the middle one prolonged and taper-pointed; peduncles slender; _fruiting calyx inflated; seeds hairy_.--River-banks, Penn. to Minn., and southward.--Corolla 2--3' long, flesh-color with purple base.

[*][*] _Escaped from gardens or grounds._

H. TRIONUM, L. (BLADDER KETMIA.) A low, rather _hairy annual_; upper leaves 3-parted, with lanceolate divisions, the middle one much the longest; fruiting _calyx inflated, membranaceous, 5-winged_; corolla sulphur-yellow with a blackish eye, ephemeral; hence the name _flower-of-an-hour_. (Adv. from Eu.)

H. SYRIACUS, L. (SHRUBBY ALTHAEA of gardeners.) _Tall shrub_, smooth; leaves wedge-ovate, pointed, cut-toothed or lobed; corolla usually rose-color.--Escaped rarely from cultivation, Penn., etc. Sept. (Adv. from Eu.)

ORDER 21. TILIACEAE. (LINDEN FAMILY.)

_Trees (rarely herbs), with the mucilaginous properties, fibrous bark, valvate calyx, etc., of the_ Mallow Family; _but the sepals deciduous, petals imbricated in the bud, the stamens usually polyadelphous, and the anthers 2-celled._ Represented in Northern regions only by the genus,

1. TILIA, Tourn. LINDEN. BASSWOOD.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, spatulate-oblong. Stamens numerous; filaments cohering in 5 clusters with each other (in European species), or with the base of a spatulate petal-like body placed opposite each of the real petals. Pistil with a 5-celled ovary, and 2 half-anatropous ovules in each cell, a single style, and a 5-toothed stigma. Fruit dry and woody, indehiscent-globular, becoming 1-celled and 1--2-seeded. Embryo in hard albumen; cotyledons broad and thin, 5-lobed, crumpled.--Fine trees, with soft and white wood, very fibrous and tough inner bark, more or less heart-shaped and serrate alternate leaves (oblique and often truncate at the base), deciduous stipules, and small cymes of flowers, hanging on an axillary peduncle which is united to a ligulate membranaceous bract. Flowers cream-color, honey-bearing, fragrant. (The classical Latin name.)

1. T. Americana, L. (BASSWOOD.) Leaves large, green and glabrous or nearly so, thickish; floral bract usually tapering at base; fruit ovoid.--Rich woods. May, June.--Here rarely called _Lime-tree_, oftener _White-wood_, commonly _Basswood_; the latter name now obsolete in England.

2. T. pubescens, Ait. Leaves smaller (2--3' long), thinner, and rather pubescent beneath; floral bract usually rounded at base; fruit globose, smaller (3'' broad). (T. Americana, var. pubescens, _Man._)--N. Y. to Fla., and westward.

3. T. heterophylla, Vent. (WHITE BASSWOOD.) Leaves larger, smooth and bright green above, silvery-whitened with a fine down underneath.--Mountains of Penn. to S. Ill., and southward.

T. EUROPAEA, the EUROPEAN LINDEN, several varieties of which are planted in and near our cities for shade, is at once distinguished from any native species by the absence of the petal-like scales among the stamens. This tree (the _Lin_) gave the family name to _Linnaeus_.

ORDER 22. LINACEAE. (FLAX FAMILY.)

_Herbs (rarely shrubs) with the regular and symmetrical hypogynous flowers 4--6-merous throughout, strongly imbricated calyx and convolute petals, 5 stamens monadelphous at base, and an 8--10-seeded pod, having twice as many cells as there are styles._ Represented by the genus,

1. LINUM, Tourn. FLAX.

Sepals (persistent), petals, stamens, and styles 5, regularly alternate with each other. Pod of 5 united carpels (into which it splits in dehiscence) and 5-celled, with 2 seeds hanging from the summit of each cell, which is partly or completely divided into two by a false partition projecting from the back of the carpel, the pod thus becoming 10-celled. Seeds anatropous, mucilaginous, flattened, containing a large embryo with plano-convex cotyledons.--Herbs, with tough fibrous bark, simple and sessile entire leaves (alternate or often opposite), without stipules, but often with glands in their place, and with corymbose or panicled flowers. Corolla usually ephemeral. (The classical name of the Flax.)

[*] _Flowers rather small, yellow; glabrous, 1--2 deg. high._

1. L. Virginianum, L. Stem erect from the base and with the corymbose spreading or recurving _branches terete and even_; no stipular glands; leaves oblong or lanceolate, or the lower spatulate and often opposite; flowers scattered, small (barely 3'' long); sepals ovate, pointed, smooth-edged or nearly so, equalling the depressed 10-celled pod; styles distinct.--Dry woods; common.--Root apparently annual; but the plant propagates by suckers from the base of the stem.

L. FLORIDANUM, Trelease, of rather stricter habit and the pods broadly ovate and obtuse, appears to have been found in S. Ill.

2. L. striatum, Walt. Stems gregarious, erect or ascending from a creeping or decumbent base, slightly viscid, and with the mostly racemose short _branches striate with about 4 sharp wing-like angles_ decurrent from the leaves; these broader than in the last, and mostly oblong, usually with all the lower ones opposite; flowers more crowded; sepals scarcely equalling the very small subglobose brownish pod; otherwise nearly as n. 1.--Wet or boggy grounds, E. Mass. to Lakes Ontario and Huron, Ill., and southward.

3. L. sulcatum, Riddell. Stem strictly erect from an annual root, and with the upright or ascending branches wing-angled or grooved; leaves alternate, linear, acute, the upper subulate and glandular-serrulate; a pair of _dark glands in place of stipules_; sepals ovate-lanceolate and sharp-pointed, strongly 3-nerved and with rough-bristly-glandular margins, scarcely longer than the ovoid-globose incompletely 10-celled pod; _styles united_ almost to the middle.--Dry soils, E. Mass. to Minn., and southwestward.--Flowers and pods twice as large as in the preceding.

4. L. rigidum, Pursh. Glaucous, sometimes slightly puberulent, often low and cespitose, the rigid branches angled; leaves narrow, erect, usually with stipular glands; flowers large; sepals lanceolate, glandular-serrulate; styles united; capsule ovoid, 5-valved.--Minn. to Kan., and southward.

[*][*] _Flowers large, blue._

5. L. perenne, L., var. Lewisii, Eat. & Wright. Perennial, glabrous and glaucous, 1--3 deg. high; leaves linear, acute; flowers rather few on long peduncles; sepals obtuse or acutish, not glandular-serrulate; styles distinct; pod ovate.--Minn. to Neb., and westward. (Eu., Asia.)

L. USITATISSIMUM, L. (COMMON FLAX.) Annual; stem corymbosely branched at top; sepals acute, ciliate.--Occasionally spontaneous in fields. (Adv. from Eu.)

ORDER 23. GERANIACEAE. (GERANIUM FAMILY.)

_Plants (chiefly herbs) with perfect and generally symmetrical hypogynous flowers; the stamens, counting sterile filaments, as many or commonly twice as many, and the lobes or cells (1--few-ovuled) of the ovary as many, as the sepals, the axis of the dry fruit persisting._--Seeds without albumen except in Oxalis. Flowers mostly 5-merous and the sepals usually distinct. Leaves never punctate. An order not easily defined, and including several strongly marked tribes or suborders which have been regarded by many botanists as distinct.

Tribe I. GERANIEAE. (GERANIUM FAMILY proper.) Flowers regular, 5-merous, the sepals imbricate in the bud, persistent. Glands of the disk 5, alternate with the petals. Stamens somewhat united. Ovary deeply lobed; carpels 5, 2-ovuled, 1-seeded, separating elastically with their long styles, when mature, from the elongated axis. Cotyledons plicate, incumbent on the radicle.--Herbs (our species) with more or less lobed or divided leaves, stipules, and astringent roots.

1. Geranium. Stamens with anthers 10, rarely 5. The recurving bases of the styles or tails of the carpels in fruit naked inside.

2. Erodium. Stamens with anthers only 5. Tails of the carpels in fruit bearded inside, often spirally twisted.