Part 12

Sepals 5, rarely 4. Petals as many, 2-lobed or cleft, rarely entire. Stamens twice as many, or fewer. Styles equal in number to the sepals and opposite them. Pod 1-celled, usually elongated, membranaceous, opening at the apex by twice as many teeth as there were styles, many-seeded. Seeds rough.--Flowers white, in terminal cymes. Our species have the petals 2-cleft or obcordate, the parts of the flower always in fives, and the exserted pods more or less curved. (Name from [Greek: ke/ras], _a horn_, alluding to the shape of the pod in many species.)

C. VISCOSUM, L. (MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.) _Annual_, hairy and rather clammy, nearly erect (4--9' high); _leaves ovate or obovate to oblong-spatulate_; bracts herbaceous; _flowers small_ in close clusters at first, _pedicels even in fruit not longer than the acute sepals; petals shorter than the calyx_. (C. vulgatum, _L. Herb._, and _Man._ The names of this and the next were transposed in the Linnaean herbarium, which has caused much confusion. They are here applied as originally by Linnaeus, and by many recent botanists. Others substitute for this the later name, C. glomeratum, _Thuill._)--Grassy places, eastward and southward; not common. May--July.--Stamens often 5. (Nat. from Eu.)

C. VULGATUM, L. (LARGER M.) Perennial; stems clammy-hairy, spreading (6--15' long); _leaves oblong_; upper bracts scarious-margined; _flowers larger_ (sepals 2--3'' long), at first clustered, the fruiting _pedicels_ longer, the earlier ones mostly much _longer than the obtuse sepals_; petals equalling the calyx. (C. viscosum, _L. Herb._, and _Man._ C. triviale, _Link._)--Fields and copses; common, perhaps indigenous. May--July. (Nat. from Eu.)

1. C. nutans, Raf. Annual, very clammy-pubescent; stems erect, slender, grooved, diffusely branched (6--20' high); cyme loose and open, _many-flowered; leaves oblong-lanceolate_, acute, the lowest spatulate; peduncles mostly elongated; petals longer than the calyx; _pods nodding on the stalks, curved upward, thrice the length of the calyx_.--Moist places, Vt. to Minn., and southward. May--July.

2. C. arvense, L. (FIELD CHICKWEED.) Perennial; stems ascending or erect, tufted, downy or nearly smooth, slender (4--8' high), naked and _few--several-flowered_ at the summit; _leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate_; petals obcordate, more than twice the length of the calyx; _pods scarcely longer than the calyx_.--Dry or rocky places. May--July. (Eu.)

Var. oblongifolium, Holl. & Britt. Usually taller, pubescent; leaves narrowly or broadly oblong or oblong-lanceolate; pod about twice longer than the calyx. (C. oblongifolium, _Torr._)--Rocky places, N. Y. to Minn., and southward.--Var. VILLOSUM, Holl. & Britt. Similar but densely villous-pubescent, and the leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate.--E. Penn.

10. SAGINA, L. PEARLWORT.

Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, undivided, or often none. Stamens as many as the sepals, rarely twice as many. Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them. Pod many-seeded, 4--5-valved to the base; valves opposite the sepals.--Little, matted herbs, with thread-like or awl-shaped leaves, no stipules, and small flowers terminating the stems or branches; in summer. (Name from _sagina_, fattening; previously applied to the spurry.)

[*] _Parts of the flower in fours, rarely with some few in fives._

1. S. procumbens, L. Annual or perennial, _depressed or spreading_ on the ground, glabrous; leaves linear-thread-shaped; _apex of the peduncle often hooked_ soon after flowering; _petals shorter than the_ broadly ovate obtuse _sepals_, sometimes none.--Springy places and damp rocks, coast of Maine to Penn. (Eu.)

2. S. apetala, L. _Annual, erect_ or ascending; leaves ciliate at base or glabrous; _petals none_ or very small; _peduncles always erect_.--Dry soil, Mass. to Penn.; scarce, seemingly native? (Eu.)

[*][*] _Parts of the flower in fives, the stamens not rarely 10._

3. S. decumbens, Torr. & Gray. Annual, ascending; the peduncles and calyx with the margins of the upper leaves _at first glandular-pubescent_; leaves short, often bristly-tipped, not fascicled in the axils; peduncles slender; _petals equalling or shorter than the calyx_; pod oblong-ovate, nearly twice longer than the acutish sepals. (S. subulata, _Man._, not _Wimm._)--E. Mass., to Ill., Mo., and southward.--Var. SMITHII, a slender form, _apetalous_, at least in the later flowers.--Near Philadelphia, in waste ground, and in sandy fields at Somers' Point, N. J., _C. E. Smith._ Seeds minutely roughened.

4. S. nodosa, Fenzl. Perennial, tufted, glabrous, or glandular above; stems ascending (3--5' high); lower leaves thread-form, the upper short and awl-shaped, with minute ones _fascicled in their axils so that the branchlets appear knotty, petals much longer than the calyx._--Wet sandy soil, along the coast of Maine and N. H., also Lake Superior, and northward. (Eu.)

11. BUDA, Adans. SAND-SPURREY.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 2--10. Styles and valves of the many-seeded pod 3, very rarely 5, when the valves alternate with the sepals! Embryo not coiled into a complete ring.--Low herbs, mostly on or near the seacoast, with filiform or linear somewhat fleshy opposite leaves, and smaller ones often clustered in the axils; stipules scaly-membranaceous; flowering all summer. (Named probably for the city so called.)--Genus also known as TISSA, Adans., SPERGULARIA, Presl., and LEPIGONUM, Wahlb. The species are very variously understood by European botanists, and are much confused, as well as the synonymy. Our forms are annual, or at the most biennial.

1. B. rubra, Dumort. Nearly glabrous, the summit of the prostrate or ascending slender stems, peduncles, and sepals usually glandular-pubescent; leaves linear, flat, scarcely fleshy; stipules lanceolate, entire or cleft; pedicels longer than the bracts; _pods_ and pink-red corolla small (11/2''), _hardly equalling or exceeding the calyx; seeds rough with projecting points, semi-obovate_ or _gibbous-wedge-shaped, wingless_. (Spergularia rubra, _Presl._)--Dry sandy soil, New Eng. to Va., along and near the coast, but rarely maritime. (Eu.)

2. B. marina, Dumort. More decidedly fleshy than the preceding, erect or ascending, usually pubescent, with ovate stipules, terete leaves, and pedicels 2--4'' long; sepals usually becoming 2--21/2'' long, little shorter than the pod; petals pale; _seeds obovate-rounded and roughened with points_, wingless or narrow-winged. (Spergularia salina, _Presl._ Tissa marina, _Britt._)--Brackish sands, etc., coast of N. Eng. to Va., and southward. A form with smooth seeds is var. LEIOSPERMA, N. E. Brown. (S. media, _Presl._) (Eu.)

Var.(?) minor, Watson. Small, ascending or decumbent; flowers smaller, on shorter pedicels (rarely 2'' long), the sepals and pod 1--11/2'' long; seeds wingless, usually papillose.--Coast of N. H. and Mass.

3. B. borealis, Watson. Diffusely branched, glabrous; pedicels usually 2--4'' long; petals white; pod ovate, 2'' long, about twice longer than the sepals; seeds usually wingless, smooth or nearly so. (Tissa salina, _Britt._)--On the coast, E. Maine to Labrador.

12. SPERGULA, L. SPURREY.

Stamens 5 or 10. Styles 5. The 5 valves of the pod opposite the sepals. Embryo spirally annular. Leaves in whorls. Otherwise as in Buda. (Name from _spargo_, to scatter, from the seeds.)

S. ARVENSIS, L. (CORN SPURREY.) Annual; leaves numerous in the whorls, thread-shaped (1--2' long); stipules minute; flowers white, in a stalked panicled cyme; seeds rough.--Grain-fields. (Adv. from Eu.)

ORDER 16. PORTULACACEAE. (PURSLANE FAMILY.)

_Herbs, with succulent leaves, and regular but unsymmetrical flowers_; viz., _sepals fewer than the petals; the stamens opposite the petals when of the same number, but often indefinite, otherwise nearly as_ Chickweeds.--Sepals 2. Petals 5, or sometimes none. Stamens mostly 5--20. Styles 2--8, united below, or distinct, stigmatic along the inside. Pod 1-celled, with few or many campylotropous seeds rising on stalks from the base. Embryo curved around mealy albumen.--Insipid and innocent herbs, with entire leaves. Corolla opening only in sunshine, mostly ephemeral, then shrivelling.

1. Portulaca. Stamens 7--20, on the partly adherent calyx. Pod opening by a lid.

2. Talinum. Stamens more numerous than the petals, hypogynous. Calyx deciduous. Pod many-seeded.

3. Claytonia. Stamens as many as the hypogynous petals, and attached to their base. Calyx persistent. Pod 3--6-seeded.

1. PORTULACA, Tourn. PURSLANE.

Calyx 2-cleft; the tube cohering with the ovary below. Petals 5, rarely 6, inserted on the calyx with the 7--20 stamens, fugacious. Style mostly 3--8-parted. Pod 1-celled, globular, many-seeded, opening transversely, the upper part (with the upper part of the calyx) separating as a lid.--Fleshy annuals, with mostly scattered leaves. (An old Latin name, of unknown meaning.)

P. OLERACEA, L. (COMMON PURSLANE.) Prostrate, very smooth; leaves obovate or wedge-form; flowers sessile (opening only in sunny mornings); sepals keeled; petals pale yellow; stamens 7--12; style deeply 5--6-parted; flower-bud flat and acute.--Cultivated and waste grounds; common. Seemingly indigenous west and southwestward. (Nat. from Eu.)

1. P. retusa, Engelm. Leaves often retuse; calyx-lobes obtuse in the bud; petals small or minute; style shorter, 3--4-cleft; seeds larger, sharply tuberculate; otherwise like the last.--Ark. to Tex. and westward; reported from Kan., Iowa, and Minn.

2. P. pilosa, L. Ascending or spreading, copiously hairy in the axils; leaves linear-subulate, nearly terete, 3--6'' long; petals red or purple.--Kan. to Tex., etc.

2. TALINUM, Adans.

Sepals 2, distinct and free, deciduous. Petals 5, ephemeral. Stamens 10--30. Style 3-lobed at the apex. Pod 3-celled at the base when young, 3-valved, with many seeds on a globular stalked placenta. (Derivation obscure.)

1. T. teretifolium, Pursh. Perennial; leafy stems low, tuberous at base; leaves linear, cylindrical; peduncle long (3--6') and naked, bearing an open cyme of pink flowers ({2/3}' broad); stamens 15--20.--Serpentine rocks, Penn., to Ind., Minn., and southward. June--Aug. (Addendum) Style equalling the stamens.

(Addendum) 2. T. calycinum, Engelm. Leaves somewhat broader; flowers and capsules larger; stamens 30 or more; style twice longer than the stamens, declined.--Central Kan. to W. Tex.

3. CLAYTONIA, Gronov. SPRING-BEAUTY.

Sepals 2, ovate, free, persistent. Stamens 5, adhering to the short claws of the petals. Style 3-cleft at the apex. Pod 1-celled, 3-valved, 3--6-seeded.--Our two species are perennials, sending up simple stems in early spring from a small deep tuber, bearing a pair of opposite leaves, and a loose raceme of pretty flowers. Corolla rose-color with deeper veins, opening for more than one day! (Named in honor of _Dr. John Clayton_, one of our earliest botanists, who contributed to Gronovius the materials for the Flora Virginica.)

1. C. Virginica, L. Leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated (3--6' long).--Moist open woods; common, especially westward and southward.

2. C. Caroliniana, Michx. Flowers rather smaller and fewer; leaves spatulate-oblong or oval-lanceolate (1--2' long).--Maine to Minn., and southward along the Alleghanies.

(Addendum) 3. C. Chamissonis, Esch. Weak, procumbent or ascending, rooting below and perennial by lateral and terminal filiform runners; leaves several pairs, oblong-spatulate, 1--2' long; inflorescence racemosely 1--9-flowered; petals pale rose-color; capsule small, 1--3-seeded.--In a cold ravine, Winona Co., Minn.; in the mountains from Colorado north and westward.

ORDER 17. ELATINACEAE. (WATER-WORT FAMILY.)

_Little marsh annuals, with membranaceous stipules between the opposite dotless leaves, minute axillary flowers like those of the_ Chickweeds, _but the pod 2--5-celled, and the seeds as in_ St. John's-wort. The principal genus is

1. ELATINE, L. WATER-WORT.

Sepals 2--4, persistent. Petals 2--4, hypogynous. Stamens as many, rarely twice as many, as the petals. Styles, or sessile capitate stigmas, 2--4. Pod membranaceous, globose, 2--4-celled, several--many-seeded, 2--4-valved; the partitions left attached to the axis, or evanescent. Seeds cylindrical, straightish or curved, marked by both longitudinal and transverse lines.--Dwarf glabrous plants, usually rooting at the nodes, aquatic or terrestrial. (A Greek name for some obscure herb.)

1. E. Americana, Arn. Tufted, 1' high; leaves obovate, obtuse, 1--3'' long; flowers sessile, rarely opening in the aquatic form; sepals, petals, stamens, and stigmas 2, rarely 3; seeds 5 or 6 in each cell, rising from the base, marked by 9 or 10 longitudinal lines and 20--30 crossbars.--Margin of ponds, etc., N. H. to Ill., Va., and southwestward. Pod very thin and delicate; the seeds large in proportion, straightish.

2. E. triandra, Schkuhr. Leaves oblanceolate or nearly lanceolate; petals and stamens commonly 3; seeds more slender, covering the axis.--Ponds, Ill., Neb., and westward. (Eu.)

3. E. brachysperma, Gray. Leaves oblong or oval with narrowed base; flowers mostly dimerous; seeds short-oblong, with 6 or 7 longitudinal lines and 10--12 crossbars.--Ill. and southwestward.

ORDER 18. HYPERICACEAE. (ST. JOHN'S-WORT FAMILY.)

_Herbs or shrubs, with opposite entire dotted leaves and no stipules, regular hypogynous flowers, the petals mostly oblique and convolute in the bud, and many or few stamens commonly collected in 3 or more clusters or bundles. Pod 1-celled with 2--5 parietal placentae, and as many styles, or 3--7-celled by the union of the placentae in the centre; dehiscence mostly septicidal._--Sepals 4 or 5, imbricated in the bud, herbaceous, persistent. Petals 4 or 5, mostly deciduous. Styles persistent, at first sometimes united. Seeds numerous, small, anatropous, with no albumen. Embryo cylindrical.--Plants with a resinous juice, dotted with pellucid or dark glands, usually smooth. Leaves mostly sessile. Flowers solitary or cymose.

[*] Petals oblique, convolute, yellow; hypogynous glands none.

1. Ascyrum. Sepals 4, in 2 very unequal pairs. Petals 4. Stamens many, distinct.

2. Hypericum. Sepals 5, alike. Petals 5. Stamens usually many and in 3 or 5 clusters.

[*][*] Petals equal, imbricate, purplish; glands alternating with the 3 stamen-clusters.

3. Elodes. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens usually 9. Ovary 3-celled.

1. ASCYRUM, L. ST. PETER'S-WORT.

Sepals 4; the two outer very broad and leaf-like; the inner much smaller. Petals 4, oblique, very deciduous, convolute in the bud. Stamens numerous; the filaments distinct and scarcely in clusters. Pod strictly 1-celled, 2--4-valved.--Low, rather shrubby, smooth plants, with pale black-dotted leaves, and nearly solitary light yellow flowers. (An ancient Greek name of some plant, from [Greek: a-], _without_, and [Greek: sky/ros], _roughness_.)

1. A. stans, Michx. (ST. PETER'S-WORT.) Stem rather simple, 2-edged, 1--2 deg. high, stout; _leaves oval or oblong, somewhat clasping_, thickish; flowers showy; outer sepals round-cordate, inner lanceolate; _petals obovate_; styles 3 or 4.--Pine barrens, Long Island to Penn., and southward. July, Aug.

2. A. Crux-Andreae, L. (ST. ANDREW'S CROSS.) Low, much branched and decumbent; _leaves narrowly obovate-oblong, contracted at the base_, thin; _petals linear-oblong_; styles 2, very short; pod flat.--Nantucket; pine barrens of N. J. to S. Ill., Neb., and southward. July--Sept.--Petals scarcely exceeding the outer sepals, approaching each other in pairs over them, in the form of a St. Andrew's cross.

2. HYPERICUM, Tourn. ST. JOHN'S-WORT.

Sepals 5, somewhat equal. Petals 5, oblique, convolute in the bud. Stamens commonly united or clustered in 3--5 parcels; no interposed glands. Pod 1-celled or 3--5-celled. Seeds usually cylindrical.--Herbs or shrubs, with cymose yellow flowers. (An ancient Greek name, of obscure meaning.)

Sec. 1. _Stamens very numerous, 5-adelphous; styles 5, united below, the stigmas capitate; pod 5-celled, the placentae turned far back into the cells; perennial herb; flowers very large._

1. H. Ascyron, L. (GREAT ST. JOHN'S-WORT.) Stems 2--5 deg. high; branches 2--4-angled; leaves (2--5' long) ovate-oblong, partly clasping; petals narrowly obovate (1' long), not deciduous until after they wither; pod 3/4' long, conical. (H. pyramidatum, _Ait._)--Banks of rivers, New Eng. and Penn. to Iowa and Minn. July.

Sec. 2. _Stamens very numerous, obscurely if at all clustered; styles 3 (n. 2 excepted), more or less united into one, the stigmas not capitate except in n. 10; sepals mostly foliaceous._

[*] _Bushy shrubs, 1--6 deg. high, leafy to the top._

[+] _Styles 5; pod completely 5-celled._

2. H. Kalmianum, L. (KALM'S ST. JOHN'S-WORT.) Branches 4-angled; branchlets 2-edged; leaves crowded, glaucous, linear to oblanceolate (1--2' long); flowers few in a cluster (1' wide); pods ovate.--Wet rocks, Niagara Falls and northern lakes. Aug.

[+][+] _Styles 3; pod completely 3-celled._

3. H. prolificum, L. (SHRUBBY ST. JOHN'S-WORT.) Branchlets 2-edged; leaves narrowly oblong (1--2' long), mostly obtuse, narrowed at the base; flowers numerous, in single or compound clusters; pods lanceolate to ovate, 4--6'' long.--N. J. to Mich., Minn., and southward. July--Sept.--Varies greatly in size, etc.

4. H. densiflorum, Pursh. Exceedingly branched above, 1--6 deg. high, the branches slender and crowded with smaller leaves; flowers smaller (1/2--{2/3}' in diameter) and more numerous, in crowded compound cymes; pod 2--3'' long. (H. prolificum, var. densiflorum, _Gray_.)--Pine barrens of N. J. to glades of Ky., Ark., and southward.

[*][*] _Perennial herbs or a little woody at the base._

[+] _Pod incompletely 3--4-celled_.

5. H. galioides, Lam. Slender, branching, woody below; _leaves linear-oblanceolate_, narrowed downward, 1/2--3' long, mostly acute; flowers small in terminal and axillary cymes; sepals very narrow, 11/2--3'' long; pod as long, ovate.--Del. to Ga. and E. Tenn.

6. H. adpressum, Barton. Stem simple, herbaceous, from a slightly woody creeping base (1--2 deg. high), obscurely 4-angled below and 2-edged above; _leaves ascending, lanceolate_ or linear-oblong, often acute, thin; cyme terminal, leafy at the base, few-flowered; sepals linear-lanceolate, pods ovoid-oblong.--Moist places, Nantucket and R. I. to Penn., and southwestward. July--Aug.--Leaves 11/2' long. Petals bright yellow, 3--5'' long.

[+][+] _Pod 1-celled with 3 parietal placentae._

7. H. dolabriforme, Vent. Stems branched from the decumbent base, woody below (6--20' high), terete; _leaves linear-lanceolate_, widely spreading, veinless; cyme leafy, few-flowered; _sepals oblong or ovate-lanceolate_, about the length of the very oblique petals (5--6'' long); _pods ovate-conical, pointed_, the walls very thick and hard.--Dry hills and rocks, barrens of Ky. and Tenn. June--Aug.

8. H. cistifolium, Lam.! Stems mostly simple, herbaceous, with a somewhat woody base, angled with 4 very narrow salient lines (1--2 deg. high); leaves narrowly oblong to nearly linear (1--3' long), sessile with a somewhat clasping base; the cyme naked, compound, usually many-flowered; _sepals ovate; pods depressed-globular or ovoid-conical_; seeds large, oblong, very rough-pitted. (H. sphaerocarpon, _Michx._)--Rocky river-banks, S. W. Ohio, to Iowa and southward. July--Sept.--Flowers small.

9. H. ellipticum, Hook. Stem simple, herbaceous (10--20' high), obscurely 4-angled; _leaves spreading, elliptical-oblong_, obtuse, usually narrower toward the subclasping base, thin; cyme nearly naked, rather few-flowered; _sepals oblong; pods ovoid, very obtuse_; seeds minutely striate.--Wet places, New Eng. and Penn. to Minn., and northward. July, Aug.--Petals light yellow, 3'' long.

10. H. virgatum, Lam. Stem slender, strict, simple, sharply 4-angled, herbaceous (1--2 deg. high); _leaves ascending_, opaque, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute (1/2--1' long), closely sessile by a broad base; cyme compound, naked, the scattered flowers racemose on its ascending branches; _sepals herbaceous, erect_, enclosing the ovoid pod; _styles 3, separate_, with capitate stigmas. (H. angulosum, _Michx._)--Wet pine barrens of N. J. and southward; Ky. July--Sept.--Petals copper-yellow, 4--5'' long.

Sec. 3. _Stamens very many, in 3 or 5 clusters; styles 3, separate and usually diverging; pod 3-celled; calyx erect; petals and anthers with black dots; perennials._

H. PERFORATUM, L. (COMMON ST. JOHN'S-WORT.) Stem much branched and corymbed, somewhat 2-edged (producing runners from the base); leaves elliptical-oblong or linear-oblong, with pellucid dots; petals (deep yellow) twice the length of the _lanceolate acute sepals_; flowers numerous, in open leafy cymes.--Fields, etc. June--Sept.--Too well known as a pernicious weed, which it is difficult to extirpate. Juice very acrid. (Nat. from Eu.)

11. H. maculatum, Walt. Conspicuously marked with both black and pellucid dots; stem terete, sparingly branched; leaves oblong or lance-ovate, the base either obtuse or somewhat clasping; _flowers crowded_ (small); _petals pale yellow_, much longer than the _oblong sepals_, styles mostly not longer than the pod. (H. corymbosum, _Muhl._)--Damp places; common. July--Sept.--Leaves larger and flowers much smaller than in the last; petals 2--3'' long, marked with black lines as well as dots. The ordinary northern form differs from the typical southern one in the shorter style and the more oblong less clasping leaves.

Sec. 4. _Stamens 5--12, distinct or in 3 clusters; pod 1-celled, with 3 strictly parietal placentae; styles short, distinct, with capitate stigmas; petals oblong or linear; sepals narrow, erect; slender annuals, with 4-angular branches; flowering all summer._

[*] _Stem simple or loosely branched; leaves linear to ovate, spreading._

12. H. multilum, L. Stem flaccid, widely branching (6--20' high); _leaves ovate to narrowly oblong, obtuse, partly clasping, 5-nerved_; cymes leafy; flowers 2'' broad; _pods ovate-conical, rather longer than the calyx_.--Low grounds, everywhere.

13. H. gymnanthum, Engelm. & Gray. Almost simple, with strict stem and branches (1--3 deg. high); leaves clasping, heart-shaped, acute or obtuse; cyme naked, the floral leaves reduced to small awl-shaped bracts; in aspect approaching the next. (H. mutilum, var. gymnanthum, _Gray_.)--Del. and Penn. to Minn., and southward.

14. H. Canadense, L. Stem strict (6--15' high), with the branches erect; _leaves linear, 3-nerved_ at the base, obtuse; cymes naked; flowers deep yellow, 2--3'' broad when expanded; _pods conical-oblong, usually much longer than the calyx_.--Wet, sandy soil; common. June--Oct.--Var. MAJUS, Gray, is a large form, 1--2 deg. high, with lanceolate leaves 11/2' long, 3'' wide, the upper acute. L. Superior, _Robbins_; S. New York and southward.--Var. MINIMUM, Chois., a simple few-flowered form, 1--3' high, with oblong obtuse leaves. On wet rocks, Wisc., and northward.

[*][*] _Stems fastigiately branched; leaves linear or bract-like, ascending or appressed._

15. H. Drummondii, Torr. & Gray. Stem and the mostly alternate bushy branches rigid, erect (10--18' high); _leaves linear-subulate_, nearly erect, _1-nerved_ (3--9'' long); _flowers scattered_ along the upper part of the leafy branches, _short-pedicelled; pods ovoid, not longer than the calyx_.--W. Ill., Iowa, Kan., and southward, in dry soil.

16. H. nudicaule, Walt. (ORANGE-GRASS. PINE-WEED.) Stem and bushy branches thread-like, wiry (4--9' high); _leaves minute awl-shaped scales, appressed; flowers minute, mostly sessile_ and scattered along the erect branches; _pods ovate-lanceolate_, acute, _much longer than the calyx_. (H. Sarothra, _Michx._)--Sandy fields, N. Eng. to Ill., Mo., and southward; common. June--Oct.

3. ELODES, Adans. MARSH ST. JOHN'S-WORT.