Part 11

16. V. rostrata, Pursh. (LONG-SPURRED V.) Stems ascending (3--6' high); leaves roundish-heart-shaped, serrate, the upper acute; stipules lanceolate, large; _spur slender_ (1/2' long), _longer than the pale violet beardless petals_; style straight and slender; stigma terminal, beakless.--Shaded hillsides, N. New Eng. to Mich., and southward in the Alleghanies; rather rare. June, July.

17. V. canina, L., var. Muhlenbergii, Gray. (DOG V.) Low (3--8' high), mostly glabrous; stems ascending, mostly simple, from the base at length producing creeping branches; leaves heart-shaped, or the lowest kidney-form, crenate, the uppermost slightly pointed; stipules lanceolate; _spur cylindrical, half the length of the light violet petals_, the lateral ones slightly bearded; stigma beaked.--Damp or wet shady places; common. May--July. (Eu.)--Var. PUBERULA, Watson in herb. Finely puberulent; leaves mostly ovate and acutish with a cordate base, often small; flowers small and mostly cleistogamous.--Sandy or stony shores and islands of Lakes Huron and Superior. (_Robbins, Engelmann, etc._)--Var. MULTICAULIS, Gray. Depressed and stoloniferous; flowers mostly cleistogamous; leaves small, suborbicular to reniform.--Ky. to Fla. and Tex.

Sec. 2. _Leaf-bearing throughout from an annual, biennial, or sometimes short-lived perennial root; the stipules large, leaf-like and lyrate-pinnatifid._

V. TRICOLOR, L. (PANSY. HEART'S-EASE.) Stem angled and branched; leaves roundish, or the upper oval and the lowest heart-shaped, crenate or entire; petals variable in color or variegated (yellow, whitish, violet-blue and purple);--in var. ARVENSIS shorter or little longer than the calyx.--Dry or sandy soil, N. Y. to Iowa, Kan., and southward; the variety sometimes seeming like a native plant. April--Sept. (Nat. from Eu.)

2. SOLEA, Spreng., in part. GREEN VIOLET.

Sepals not prolonged at the base. Petals nearly equal in length, but the lower one larger and gibbous or saccate at the base, more notched than the others at the apex. Stamens completely united into a sheath enclosing the ovary, and bearing a broad gland on the lower side. Style hooked at the summit.--A homely perennial herb, with stems leafy to the top, and 1--3 small greenish-white flowers in the axils, on short recurved pedicels. (Named in honor of _W. Sole_, author of an essay on the British Mints.)

1. S. concolor, Ging. Plant 1--2 deg. high; leaves oblong, pointed at both ends, entire; pod 1' long.--Woods, N. Y. to Kan., and southward. June.

3. IONIDIUM, Vent.

Sepals not prolonged at base. Petals very unequal, the two upper shorter, the lower longest and largest, concave at base, contracted in the middle. Filaments distinct, the two lower with a scale-like gland or spur at base; anthers merely connivent.--Perennials, branching and leafy, with alternate and opposite leaves, and small axillary flowers. (Name from [Greek: i)/on], _violet_, and [Greek: ei)~dos], _appearance_.)

1. I. polygalaefolium, Vent. Stems low, from a woody base; leaves linear to oblanceolate, or the lower obovate, entire, the stipules leaf-like or small or none; flowers solitary, nodding, 2'' long, white. (I. lineare, _Torr._)--Kan. and southwestward.

ORDER 15. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. (PINK FAMILY.)

_Herbs, with opposite entire leaves, symmetrical 4--5-merous flowers, with or without petals, the distinct stamens no more than twice the number of the sepals, either hypogynous or perigynous, styles 2--5 (or rarely united into one); seeds several or usually many, attached to the base or to the central column of the 1-celled (rarely 3--5-celled) pod, with a slender embryo coiled or curved around the outside of mealy albumen_, in Dianthus nearly straight.--Bland herbs; the stems usually swollen at the joints; uppermost leaves rarely alternate. Leaves often united at the base. Calyx persistent. Styles stigmatic along the inside. Seeds amphitropous or campylotropous.

Tribe I. SILENEAE. Sepals united into a tube or cup. Petals (mostly convolute in the bud) and stamens (10) borne on the stipe or stalk of the ovary, the former with slender claws, to the base of which the corresponding filaments often adhere, included in the calyx tube. Seeds numerous.--Stipules none. Flowers often large and showy.

[*] Calyx with scaly bractlets or small leaves at the base. Seeds flattened on the back, attached by their face; embryo nearly straight.

1. Dianthus. Calyx terete, mostly cylindrical. Styles 2.

[*][*] Calyx naked. Seeds globular or kidney-shaped; embryo curved or coiled.

2. Gypsophila. Calyx top-shaped or campanulate. Pod deeply 4-valved. Styles 2.

3. Saponaria. Calyx oblong-cylindrical, obscurely nerved, terete or 5-angled. Pod shortly 4-valved. Styles 2.

4. Silene. Calyx 5-toothed, 10-nerved. Styles 3.

5. Lychnis. Calyx 5-toothed, 10-nerved. Styles 5, rarely 4.

Tribe II. ALSINEAE. Sepals distinct or nearly so, imbricated in the bud. Petals when present without claws, mostly imbricated, and with the stamens inserted at the base of the sessile ovary, or into a little disk. Pod splitting into valves or teeth several--many-seeded. Stamens opposite the sepals, when not more in number.--Low herbs.

[*] Stipules none.

[+] Styles opposite the sepals, or, when fewer, opposite those which are exterior in the bud.

[++] Pod short, splitting into as many valves as styles; valves often bifid or 2-parted.

6. Arenaria. Petals entire. Styles usually 3. Valves of the pod entire, bifid or 2-parted.

7. Stellaria. Petals 2-cleft or none. Styles usually 3. Valves bifid or 2-parted.

[++][++] Pod cylindrical, dehiscent by twice as many equal teeth as styles.

8. Holosteum. Petals denticulate or notched. Styles usually 3. Seeds fixed by the face.

9. Cerastium. Petals notched or 2-cleft. Styles 5 or 4. Seeds fixed edgewise.

[+][+] Styles alternate with the sepals. Stamens as many, or twice as many.

10. Sagina. Petals 4 or 5, entire, or none. Styles 4 or 5. Pod short, 4--5-valved.

[*][*] Stipules present. Pod short.

11. Buda. Styles 3. Pod 3-valved. Leaves opposite.

12. Spergula. Styles 5. Valves of the pod opposite the sepals. Leaves whorled.

1. DIANTHUS, L. PINK. CARNATION.

Calyx cylindrical, nerved or striate, 5-toothed, subtended by 2 or more imbricated bractlets. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Pod 1-celled, 4-valved at the apex. Seeds flattish on the back; embryo scarcely curved.--Ornamental plants, of well-known aspect and value in cultivation. (Name from [Greek: Dio/s], _of Jupiter_, and [Greek: a)/nthos] _flower_, i.e., Jove's own flower.)

D. ARMERIA, L. (DEPTFORD PINK.) Annual; flowers clustered; bractlets of the calyx and _bracts lance-awl-form_, herbaceous, downy, as long as the tube; leaves linear, _hairy_; petals small, rose-color with white dots, crenate.--Fields, etc., eastward. July. (Adv. from Eu.)

D. PROLIFER, L. Annual, _smooth_, slender; flowers clustered; _bractlets ovate, dry_, concealing the calyx; leaves few, narrow, linear, erect; petals small, pink.--N. J. and E. Penn. (Adv. from Eu.)

D. DELTOIDES, L. (MAIDEN PINK.) Perennial; leaves short, narrowly lanceolate, downy and roughish; flowers solitary; bracts ovate, half as long as the tube; petals rose-color or white, toothed.--Mich., _L. H. Bailey_. (Nat. from Eu.)

D. BARBATUS, L. (SWEET WILLIAM.) Perennial; flowers fascicled; leaves large, lanceolate; bracts filiform-attenuate, equalling the calyx.--Sparingly spontaneous. (Adv. from Eu.)

2. GYPSOPHILA, L.

Calyx narrowly top shaped or campanulate, 5-nerved, 5-toothed, naked at base. Petals not crowned. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Pod 1-celled, 4-valved at the apex, sessile.--Slender glaucous annuals or perennials, with numerous small flowers. (Name from [Greek: gy/psos], _gypsum_, and [Greek: philei~n], _to love_.)

G. MURALIS, L. Annual, much branched; leaves very narrowly linear; flowers on slender pedicels, solitary in the forks; calyx turbinate, the teeth short, obtuse; petals purplish, crenate or emarginate.--Sparingly naturalized. (Nat. from Eu.)

3. SAPONARIA, L.

Calyx narrowly ovoid or oblong, 5-toothed, obscurely nerved, naked. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Pod 1-celled, or incompletely 2--4-celled at base, 4-toothed at the apex.--Coarse annuals or perennial, with large flowers. (Name from _sapo_, soap, the mucilaginous juice forming a lather with water.)

S. OFFICINALIS, L. (SOAPWORT. BOUNCING BET.) Flowers in corymbed clusters; calyx terete; petals crowned with an appendage at the top of the claw; leaves oval-lanceolate.--Roadsides, etc. July--Sept.--A stout perennial, with large rose-colored flowers, commonly double. (Adv. from Eu.)

S. VACCARIA, L. Annual, glabrous; flowers in corymbed cymes; calyx 5-angled, enlarged and wing-angled in fruit; petals pale red, not crowned; leaves ovate-lanceolate. (Vaccaria vulgaris, _Host._)--Occasionally spontaneous. (Adv. from Eu.)

4. SILENE, L. CATCHFLY. CAMPION.

Calyx 5-toothed, 10--many-nerved, naked at the base. Stamens 10. Styles 3, rarely 4. Pod 1-celled, sometimes 3-celled at least at the base, opening by 3 or 6 teeth at the apex.--Flowers solitary or in cymes. Petals mostly crowned with a scale at the base of the blade. (Name from [Greek: si/alon], _saliva_, from the viscid exudation on the stems and calyx of many species. The English name _Catchfly_ alludes to the same peculiarity.)

[*] _Dwarf, alpine, tufted, smooth, perennial; flowering shoots 1-flowered._

1. S. acaulis, L. (MOSS CAMPION.) Tufted like a moss (1--2' high); leaves linear, crowded; flowers almost sessile, or rarely on a naked peduncle; petals purple or rarely white, notched or entire, crowned.--Alpine summits of the White Mountains, N. H. July. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Calyx bladdery-inflated; perennial; flowers panicled, white, in summer._

2 S. Stellata, Ait. (STARRY CAMPION.) _Leaves in whorls of 4, ovate-lanceolate_, taper-pointed; calyx bell-shaped; _petals cut into a fringe, crownless_.--Wooded banks, R. I. to Minn., and southward.--Stem 3 deg. high, with a large and open pyramidal panicle. Corolla 3/4' broad.

3. S. nivea, Otth. _Leaves opposite, lanceolate or oblong_, taper-pointed; calyx oblong; _petals wedge-form, 2-cleft, minutely crowned_.--Penn. to Iowa and Minn.; rare.--Stem 1--2 deg. high, almost smooth. Flowers few, larger than in the last.

S. CUCUBALUS, Wibel. (BLADDER CAMPION.) _Glaucous; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate; calyx globular, much inflated_, elegantly veined; petals 2-cleft, nearly crownless. (S. inflata, _Smith_.)--Fields and roadsides, E. New Eng. to Ill.--A foot high. Flowers loosely cymose. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*][*] _Calyx elongated or club-shaped, not inflated except by the enlarging pod; flowers cymose or clustered; perennial, pubescent with viscid hairs, especially the calyx; petals crowned, red or rose-color._

4. S. Pennsylvanica, Michx. (WILD PINK.) Stems low (4--8'); root-leaves narrowly spatulate, nearly glabrous, tapering into hairy petioles; _stem-leaves_ (2 or 3 pairs) _lanceolate; flowers clustered_, short-stalked; calyx club-shaped; _petals wedge-form, slightly notched and eroded, pink_.--Gravelly places, E. New Eng. to N. Y., Ky., and southward. April--June.

5. S. Virginica, L. (FIRE PINK. CATCHFLY.) Steins slender (1--2 deg. high); _leaves thin, spatulate, or the upper oblong-lanceolate; flowers few and loosely cymose_, peduncled; calyx oblong-cylindrical, soon obconical; _petals oblong, 2-cleft, deep crimson_; the limb 1' long.--Open woods, western N. Y. to Minn., and southward. June--Aug.

6. S. regia, Sims. (ROYAL CATCHFLY.) Stem roughish, erect (3--4 deg. high); _leaves thickish, ovate-lanceolate_, acute; _flowers numerous, short-stalked_, in clusters, forming a strict panicle; calyx ovoid-club-shaped in fruit; _petals spatulate-lanceolate, mostly undivided, deep scarlet_.--Prairies, Ohio to Mo., and southward. July.

7. S. rotundifolia, Nutt. (ROUND-LEAVED CATCHFLY.) Viscid-hairy; stems weak, branched, decumbent (2 deg. long); _leaves thin, round, abruptly pointed_, the lower obovate; flowers few, loosely cymose, stalked; calyx elongated; _petals 2-cleft and cut-toothed, deep scarlet_.--Shaded banks of the Ohio, and in Ky. June--Aug.--Leaves and flowers large.

[*][*][*][*] _Calyx not inflated, except by the enlarging pod; annuals._

[+] _Glabrous, a portion of each joint of the stem glutinous; flowers pink._

8. S. antirrhina, L. (SLEEPY C.) Stem slender (8--30' high); _leaves lanceolate or linear_; flowers small, paniculate; _calyx ovoid_; petals obcordate, crowned, opening transiently in sunshine.--Dry soil; common in waste places. June--Sept.

S. ARMERIA, L. (SWEET-WILLIAM CATCHFLY.) Glaucous; _leaves ovate-lanceolate_; flowers in flat cymes, open in sunshine; _calyx club-shaped_; petals notched, crowned with awl-shaped scales.--Escaped from gardens; rare. (Adv. from Eu.)

[+][+] _Viscid-pubescent; flowers white or nearly so, opening at night, sweet-scented._

S. NOCTURNA, L. (NIGHT C.) Leaves short, the lower spatulate, the upper linear; _flowers small, alternate in a 1-sided spike_; petals 2-parted.--Introduced sparingly in Pa., according to _Schweinitz_. (Adv. from Eu.)

S. NOCTIFLORA, L. (NIGHT-FLOWERING C.) _Viscid-hairy_, tall (1--3 deg. high); lower leaves large and spatulate, the upper lanceolate; _flowers few, peduncled_; calyx-tube elongated (over 1' long), soon ovoid, with awl-shaped teeth; petals rather large, 2-parted, crowned.--Cultivated grounds.

5. LYCHNIS, Tourn. COCKLE.

Styles 5, rarely 4, and pod opening by as many or twice as many teeth; otherwise nearly as in Silene. Calyx in one species with leaf-like lobes. (Ancient Greek name for a scarlet or flame-colored species, from [Greek: ly/chnos], _a light_ or _lamp_.)

L. VESPERTINA, Sibth. (EVENING L.) Biennial, usually dioecious, _viscid-pubescent_, in foliage, etc., like Silene noctiflora; but 5 styles, calyx much shorter (7--9'' long), with lance-linear teeth, and _flowers white_ or pinkish, opening at evening.--Cult. or waste grounds; scarce. (Adv. from En.)

L. DIURNA, Sibth. (RED LYCHNIS.) Resembling L. vespertina, but less viscid, the calyx usually shorter (4--6'' long), and the flowers red, opening in the morning.--Rarely spontaneous. (Adv. from Eu.)

L. GITHAGO, Lam. (CORN COCKLE.) Annual, clothed with long soft appressed hairs; flowers long-peduncled; _calyx-lobes similar to the long and linear leaves_, surpassing the broad and crownless _purple-red petals_, falling off in fruit. (Agrostemma Githago, _L._)--In wheat-fields. (Adv. from Eu.)

L. FLOS-CUCULI, L. (RAGGED ROBIN.) Perennial, erect, slightly downy below, viscid above; leaves narrowly lanceolate; flowers in loose panicles; calyx short, glabrous; petals red, 4-lobed, lobes linear.--Moist or marshy places; New Eng. and N. Y. (Adv. from Eu.)

6. ARENARIA, L. SANDWORT.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire, sometimes barely notched, rarely wanting. Stamens 10. Styles 3, rarely more or fewer, opposite as many sepals. Pod short, splitting into as many or twice as many valves as there are styles, few--many-seeded.--Low, usually tufted herbs, with sessile exstipulate leaves and small white flowers. (Name from _arena_, sand, in which many of the species grow.)--The following sections are by many botanists taken for genera.

Sec. 1. ARENARIA proper. _Pod splitting wholly or part-way down into 3 or at length into 6 valves; seeds many, naked at the hilum._

A. SERPYLLIFOLIA, L. (THYME-LEAVED SANDWORT.) Diffusely branched, roughish (2--6' high); leaves ovate, acute, small; cymes leafy; sepals lanceolate, pointed, 3--5-nerved, about equalling the petals and 6-toothed pod.--A low annual; sandy waste places. June--Aug. (Nat. from Eu.)

Sec. 2. ALSINE. _Pod splitting to the base into 3 entire valves; seeds many, usually rough, naked at the hilum; flowers solitary and terminal or cymose; root in our species perennial, except in n. 4._

[*] _Leaves small, rigid, awl-shaped or bristle-shaped._

1. A. Caroliniana, Walt. (PINE-BARREN S.) Densely tufted from a deep perpendicular root; _leaves closely imbricated_, but spreading, _awl-shaped, short, channelled_; branches naked and minutely glandular above, several-flowered; _sepals obtuse_, ovate, shorter than the pod. (A. squarrosa, _Michx._)--In pure sand, S. New York, N. J., and southward along the coast. May--July.

2. A. Michauxii, Hook. f. Erect, or usually diffusely spreading from a small root, smooth; _leaves slender, between awl-shaped and bristle-form_, with many others _clustered_ in the axils; cyme diffuse, naked, many-flowered; _sepals pointed, 3-ribbed_, ovate, as long as the pod. (A. stricta, _Michx._)--Rocks and dry wooded banks, Vt. and Penn. to Minn., Mo., and southwestward. July.

3. A. verna, L. Dwarf, alpine, densely matted, glabrous or (var. HIRTA) somewhat pubescent, 1--3' high; leaves narrowly linear or awl-shaped; flowers loosely cymose; sepals lanceolate, pointed, 3-nerved, shorter than the pod.--Smuggler's Notch, Vt. (_Pringle_); north and westward. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Leaves soft and herbaceous, filiform-linear; petals retuse or notched._

4. A. patula, Michx. Diffusely branched from the slender root; stems filiform (6--10' long); branches of the cyme diverging; peduncles long; _sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 3--5-nerved_. (A. Pitcheri, _Nutt._)--S. W. Va. to Ky., Ill., Kan., and southward.

5. A. Groenlandica, Spreng. (MOUNTAIN S.) Densely tufted from slender roots, smooth; flowering stems filiform, erect (2--4' high), few-flowered; _sepals oblong, obtuse, nerveless_.--Summit of the Shawangunk, Catskill, and Adirondack Mountains, N. Y., of the higher mountains of New Eng., and northward; alpine or subalpine. At Bath, Maine, on river-banks near the sea, and near Middletown, Ct. June--Aug.--Leaves and peduncles 3--6'' long; flowers large in proportion. (Addendum)--Arenaria Groenlandica. Found on Mt. Desert Island, Maine (_Rand_).

Sec. 3. MOEHRINGIA. _Parts of the flower sometimes in fours; pod as in Sec. 1, but the young ovary 3-celled; seeds rather few, smooth, with a thickish appendage (strophiole) at the hilum; perennials, with flaccid broadish leaves._

6. A. lateriflora, L. Sparingly branched, erect, minutely pubescent; leaves oval or oblong, obtuse (1/2--1' long); peduncles 2--(rarely 3--4) flowered, soon becoming lateral; sepals oblong, obtuse.--Gravelly shores, etc., New Eng. to Penn., Mo., Minn., and northward. May, June. (Eu.)

Sec. 4. AMMADENIA. _Styles, cells of the ovary, and valves of the fleshy pod 3, rarely 4 or 5; seeds few, smooth, short-beaked at the naked hilum; disk under the ovary more prominent than usual, glandular, 10-lobed; flowers almost sessile in the axils, sometimes dioecious or polygamous; root perennial._

7. A. peploides, L. Stems (simple or forking from long rootstocks, 6--10' high) and ovate partly-clasping leaves (8--10'' long) very fleshy. (Honkenya peploides, _Ehrh._)--Sands of the sea-shore, N. J. to Maine and northward. June. (Eu.)

7. STELLARIA, L. CHICKWEED. STARWORT.

Sepals 4--5. Petals 4--5, deeply 2-cleft, sometimes none. Stamens 8, 10, or fewer. Styles 3, rarely 4 or 5, opposite as many sepals. Pod ovoid, 1-celled, opening by twice as many valves as there are styles, several--many-seeded. Seeds naked.--Flowers (white) solitary or cymose, terminal, or appearing lateral by the prolongation of the stem from the upper axils. (Name from _stella_, a star, in allusion to the star-shaped flowers.)

[*] _Stems spreading, flaccid, marked longitudinally with one or two pubescent lines; leaves ovate or oblong, 1/2--21/2' long._

S. MEDIA, Smith. (COMMON CHICKWEED.) Annual or nearly so; _lower leaves on hairy petioles, petals shorter than the calyx_, 2-parted, stamens 3--10.--Everywhere in damp grounds. (Nat. from Eu.)

1. S. pubera, Michx. (GREAT CHICKWEED.) Root perennial; _leaves all sessile; petals longer than the calyx_, deeply 2-cleft; stamens 10.--Shaded rocks, Penn. to Ind., and southward. May.

[*][*] _Stems erect or spreading; wholly glabrous perennials, with sessile and narrow or small leaves; stamens usually 10, perigynous._

[+] _Scaly-bracted; petals 2-parted, equalling or surpassing the calyx._

2. S. longifolia, Muhl. (LONG-LEAVED STITCHWORT.) Stem erect, weak, often with rough angles (8--18' high); _leaves linear, acutish at both ends, spreading; cymes naked and at length lateral, peduncled_, many-flowered, the slender _pedicels spreading_; petals 2-parted, longer than the calyx; seeds smooth.--Grassy places; common, especially northward. June, July. (Eu.)

3. S. longipes, Goldie. (LONG-STALKED S.) Shining or somewhat glaucous, very smooth; _leaves ascending, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate_, acute, _broadest at the base_, rather rigid; cyme terminal, few-flowered, the long _pedicels strictly erect_; petals longer than the calyx; seeds smooth.--Maine to Minn., rare; common farther north. (Eu.)

S. GRAMINEA, L. Resembling the last; leaves linear-lanceolate, _broadest above the base; pedicels widely spreading; seeds_ strongly but minutely _rugose_.--Becoming rather frequent. (Int. from Eu.)

4. S. uliginosa, Murr. (SWAMP S.) Stems weak, decumbent or diffuse, at length prolonged, leaving the naked and usually _sessile cymes lateral; leaves lanceolate or oblong_, veiny; petals and ripe _pods as long as the calyx; seeds roughened_.--Swamps and rills, Md. to N. Eng., and northward; rare. (Eu.)

[+][+] _Flowers terminal or in the forks of the stem or of leafy branches; bracts foliaceous; petals 2-parted, small or often none; styles 3--4; pod longer than the calyx._

5. S. crassifolia, Ehrh. Stems diffuse or erect, flaccid; _leaves rather fleshy_, varying from linear-lanceolate to oblong; _petals longer than the calyx_, or wanting; _seeds rugose-roughened_.--Springy places, eastern Ky. (_Short_), Ringwood, Ill. (_Vasey_), and northward. April--June. (Eu.)

6. S. borealis, Bigel. (NORTHERN S.) Stems erect or spreading, flaccid, many times forked, at length resolved into a leafy cyme; leaves varying from broadly lanceolate to ovate-oblong; _petals 2--5, shorter than the calyx, or oftener none_; sepals acute; styles usually 4; _seeds smooth_.--Shaded or wet places, R. I. to Minn., and northward. June--Aug.--Var. ALPESTRIS has the later flowers more cymose, and their bracts small and partly scarious, also the seeds obscurely reticulated or roughish.--Lake Superior, _Dr. Robbins_. (Eu.) (Addendum)--Stellaria borealis. In the mountains of northern N. J.

7. S. humifusa, Rottb. Spreading or _creeping_; stems or branches (2' high) 1--3-flowered; _leaves fleshy, ovate or oblong_ (2--3'' long); _petals a little longer than the calyx_; seeds smooth.--Northern border of Maine on the St. John's (_G. L. Goodale_), and high northward. June. (Eu.) (Addendum) S. humifusa. This species has also been found on Cranberry Island, near Mt. Desert, Maine, by _J. H. Redfield_.

8. HOLOSTEUM, L. JAGGED CHICKWEED.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, usually jagged or denticulate at the point. Stamens 3--5, rarely 10. Styles mostly 3. Pod ovoid, 1-celled, many-seeded, opening at the top by 6 teeth. Seeds rough, flattened on the back, attached by the inner face.--Annuals or biennials, with several (white) flowers in an umbel, borne on a long terminal peduncle. (Name composed of [Greek: o(/los], _all_, and [Greek: o)ste/on], _bone_, by antiphrasis, these plants being soft and tender.)

H. UMBELLATUM, L. Leaves oblong; peduncle and upper part of the stem glandular-pubescent; pedicels reflexed after flowering.--Hills around Lancaster, Penn., _Prof. Porter_, and Morris Co., N. J., _C. F. Austin_. (Nat. from Eu.)

9. CERASTIUM, L. MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.