Part 105

SCOLOCHLOA.--(1) Inflorescence of S. festucacea, reduced; (2) a spikelet, enlarged; and (3) a flower.

PUCCINELLIA.--(1) Inflorescence of P. maritima, reduced; (2) a spikelet, enlarged; and (3) a flower.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.

POLYPODIUM.--Plant of P. vulgare; piece of the frond; a magnified sporangium with its stalk, and another bursting and discharging spores.

ONOCLEA.--(1) Pinna of the sterile frond of O. Struthiopteris; (2) portion of a fertile frond; (3) a piece of one pinna cut off to show the manner in which it is rolled up; and (4) a portion of the last, magnified, with one side unrolled; toward the base the sporangia all removed, to show how the fruit-dots are borne each on the middle of a vein.

PELLAEA.--Sterile and fertile plants of P. gracilis, and (1) a portion of the fertile frond enlarged, with a piece of the marginal indusium turned back to display the fruit; the sporangia are all removed from the fruit-bearing tips of the two forks of the lower vein.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.

PTERIS.--A pinnule of P. aquilina, and (2) a piece of one of the lobes, enlarged, the marginal indusium rolled back on one side, displaying the fruit; the sporangia all removed from the lower part to show the receptacle that bears them, viz. a cross-line connecting the tips of the veins.

ADIANTUM.--(1) Piece of the frond of A. pedatum; (2) a pinnule somewhat enlarged; and (3) a piece of one more enlarged, with the indusium of one fruit dot turned back to show the attachment of the fruit.

CHEILANTHES.--(1) Small plant of C. vestita; and (2) a fruit-bearing pinnule, enlarged.

WOODWARDIA.--(1) Portion of the sterile and (2) of the fertile frond of W. augustifolia; (3) a piece of the latter, enlarged; (4) piece of the frond of W. Virginica; and (5) part of a fruiting lobe, enlarged.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII.

CAMPTOSORUS.--Plant of C. rhizophyllus, and (1) a portion of a frond, with fruit dots, enlarged.

SCOLOPENDRIUM.--Tip of a fertile frond of S. vulgare, and (2) a piece enlarged, with two fruit-dots.

ASPLENIUM.--(1) A pinna of A. thelypteroides; and (2) part of a lobe in fruit, enlarged.

DICKSONIA.--(1) Pinna of D. pilosiuscula; (2) portion of a pinnule, enlarged; and (3) a fruit-dot in its cup shaped indusium.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX.

CYSTOPTERIS.--(1) Piece of the frond of C. bulbifera; (2) a lobe in fruit, enlarged; and (3) a small portion more magnified, bearing a fruit-dot with its indusium thrown back.

WOODSIA.--(1) Small frond of W. glabella; (2) a part of a fruiting pinna of the same, magnified; and (3) a separate indusium, more magnified; (4) a piece of a fruitful pinnule of W. obtusa, enlarged; and (5) a fruit with the opened indusium beneath, more magnified.

ASPIDIUM.--(1) Pinna of A. (Dryopteris) marginale; and (2) a magnified fruiting portion; (3) piece of A. (Polystichum) acrostichoides; and (4) a small fruiting portion, magnified.

ONOCLEA.--Sterile and fertile frond of O. sensibilis; (1) front view of a fruiting contracted pinnule, enlarged; and (2) the same laid open and viewed from the other side; on one lobe the sporangia are removed from the veins.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX.

CYSTOPTERIS.--(1) Piece of the frond of C. bulbifera; (2) a lobe in fruit, enlarged; and (3) a small portion more magnified, bearing a fruit-dot with its indusium thrown back.

WOODSIA.--(1) Small frond of W. glabella; (2) a part of a fruiting pinna of the same, magnified; and (3) a separate indusium, more magnified; (4) a piece of a fruitful pinnule of W. obtusa, enlarged; and (5) a fruit with the opened indusium beneath, more magnified.

ASPIDIUM.--(1) Pinna of A. (Dryopteris) marginale; and (2) a magnified fruiting portion; (3) piece of A. (Polystichum) acrostichoides; and (4) a small fruiting portion, magnified.

ONOCLEA.--Sterile and fertile frond of O. sensibilis; (1) front view of a fruiting contracted pinnule, enlarged; and (2) the same laid open and viewed from the other side; on one lobe the sporangia are removed from the veins.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX.

SCHIZAEA.--Plant of S. pusilla, of the natural size; (1) a fertile pinna with eleven sporangia, magnified, and (2) a separate sporangium, more magnified.

LYGODIUM.--(1) Summit of frond of L. palmatum, with fertile and sterile divisions; (2) a fruiting lobe enlarged, with two of the lower scales, or indusia, removed, displaying a sporangium under each; and (3) a sporangium more magnified.

OSMUNDA.--(1) Small piece of the frond of O. Claytoniana, with a fertile and a sterile pinna; (2) a portion of the fruit magnified; and (3) one sporangium more magnified.

BOTRYCHIUM.--Plant of B. ternatum, and (1) a portion of the fruit, with six sporangia, magnified.

OPHIOGLOSSUM.--Frond of O. vulgatum, and (1) a portion of the fruiting spike enlarged.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI.

EQUISETUM.--(1) Upper part of fertile plant of E. limosum; (2) one of the shield shaped scales or receptacles of the spike, with the six sporangia underneath, enlarged; (3) same seen from below, discharging the spores; (4) a magnified spore with the club shaped filaments spreading; and (5) the same with the filaments coiled up.

LYCOPODIUM.--Plant of L. Carolinianum, and (1) a magnified scale of the spike removed, with the sporangium in its axil, discharging powdery spores.

SELAGINELLA.--Plant of S. rupestris; (1) part of a fertile spike, enlarged; (2) scale from the upper part of it, with its sporangium, containing innumerable powdery spores; (3) scale from the base, with its sporangium containing few large spores; and (4) three large spores.

ISOETES.--(1) Plant of I. lacustris; (2) sporocarp containing the minute spores, cut across, enlarged; (5) same divided lengthwise; (3) sporocarp with the large spores, divided lengthwise; and (4) three large spores more magnified.

AZOLLA.--(1) Plant; (2) a portion magnified, with conceptacles of both kinds; (3) the macrosporic one, more magnified; (4) the microsporic one, more magnified; (5) the same burst open, showing the stalked microsporangia; (6) one of the latter more magnified; (7) another bursting; and (8) three masses of microspores beset with glochidiate or barbed bristles.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII.

RICCIA.--Plant of R. natans; section of thallus, showing two imbedded capsules and numerous air cavities; spores enclosed in a mother cell; three free spores; and calyptra with style.

ANTHOCEROS.--Plant of A. laevis; portion of the columella and valves of the capsule, with spores and elaters; two spores and two elaters.

NOTOTHYLAS.--Plants of N. orbicularis; section of the thallus through the involucre; apex of protruding capsule; lower half of capsule showing the columella; upper half of capsule; a gemma, an antheridium; twelve free spores, and two clusters of spores (4 in each).

ASTERELLA.--Plant of A. hemisphaerica; [female] receptacle viewed from above, the same from below; capsule dehiscing, with remains of calyptra at base; section of [male] disk; an elater, a portion of same, and spores.

SPHIEROCARPUS.--Plant of S. terrestris, cluster of five involucres; involucre enclosing a capsule; capsule filled with spores; and three spores.

DUMORTIERA.--Portions of [male] and [female] plants of D. hirsuta; [female] receptacle showing three involucres, two with capsules; capsule with calyptra; section of [male] disk; elater and portion of same; spores.

AITONIA.--Plant of A. Wrightii; upper view of [female] receptacle with three involucres; side view of same, involucre partly cut away showing capsule and remains of calyptra; a capsule closed, and dehiscent; an elater, a piece of same, and spores.

CONOCEPHALUS.--Parts of [male] and [female] plants of C. conicus; section of [female] receptacle, showing two involucres and capsules; capsule with ruptured calyptra; section of [male] disk; elaters, a portion of one, and spores.

PREISSIA.--Parts of [male] and [female] plants of P. commutata; section of [female] receptacle; perianth opened showing calyptra and capsule, section of part of [male] disk; elaters, a part of one, and spores.

MARCHANTIA.--Parts of [male] and [female] plants of M. polymorpha; section of receptacle; perianth, calyptra, and capsule; section of part of [male] disk; an elater, part of same, and spores.

FIMBRIARIA--Plant of F. tenella; [female] receptacle, and section of same; capsule dehiscing; elaters and spores.

PALLAVICINIA.--Plant of P. Lyellii, part of thallus with involucre, perianth, and calyptra; perianth cut away showing young calyptra; capsule closed, and dehiscent, antheridium enclosed in a leaf, elater and spores.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII.

PELLIA.--Plant of P. epiphylla; calyptra with base of pedicel; capsule; an elater, part of same, two spores, and two antheridia.

BLASIA.--Plants of B. pusilla; section of cavity at the end of the midrib showing young perianth and calyptra; end of thallus with calyptra and protruding capsule; capsule dehiscing; elaters and spores; part of elater and two spores; [male] thallus with two antheridia; gemmiparous thallus with two receptacles; section of a receptacle showing enclosed gemmae and the protruded orifice.

METZGERIA.--Plants ([male], [female], and gemmiparous) of M. furcata, and parts of same enlarged; hispid perianth with 2-lobed involucral leaf and base of pedicel; a gemma; an antheridium; elaters and spores.

ANEURA.--Plants ([male] and [female]) of A. sessilis; section of fleshy calyptra with base of pedicel; dehiscing capsule bearded by persistent elaters; elater, part of same, and spores; part of thallus with long deflexed [male] receptacles, and one cut transversely showing antheridia.

FOSSOMBRONIA.--Plant of F. pusilla, and a part enlarged; capsule dehiscing, with perianth and involucral leaves; part of stem with two leaves and dorsal antheridia; an antheridium, elaters, and spores.

GEOCALYX.--Plant of G. graveolens; two pairs of leaves with underleaves; part of stem with an underleaf; section of involucre showing calyptra and base of pedicel; dehiscent capsule; elaters and spores.

GRIMALDIA.--Parts of [male] and [female] plants of G. barbifrons; section of [male] disk; [female] receptacle and section of same; dehiscent capsule; elaters and spores.

CHILOSCYPHUS.--Plant of C. ascendens; a leaf with underleaf; a pair of leaves with antheridia; a part of stem with involucral leaves, perianth, and calyptra; dehiscent capsule; elaters and spores.

HARPANTHUS.--Plant of H. Flotovianus, and same enlarged; a pair of leaves with underleaf; perianth with involucral leaves, and section showing calyptra; elaters, a part of one, and spores.

LOPHOCOLEA.--Plant of L. heterophylla; a part enlarged with involucral leaves and perianth; cross section of perianth; three pairs of leaves with underleaves; a leaf and antheridium; an underleaf; an elater and spores.

CEPHALOZIA.--Plant of C. multiflora; two pairs of leaves; perianth with involucral leaves; an involucral leaf; calyptra; capsule closed, and dehiscent; an elater and spores.

GYMNOMITRIUM.--Plants of G. concinnatum; three pairs of leaves; apex of stem with involucral leaves and dehiscent capsule; two involucral leaves; calyptra.

MARSUPELLA.--Plant of M. emarginata; part of same with involucral leaves; involucre and perianth opened showing calyptra and base of pedicel; capsule; elater and spores.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV.

SCAPANIA.--Plant of S. undulata; apex of stem with involucral leaves and perianth enclosing calyptra; three pairs, of leaves, a capsule, elater and spores.

PLAGIOCHILA.--Plant of P. interrupta; five leaves; an underleaf; perianth enclosing calyptra; antheridia, capsule, elaters, and spores.

ODONTOSCHISMA.--Plant of O. Sphagni; parts of stems, one bearing gemmae, the other a perianth with involucral leaves; an involucral leaf; a capsule, elaters, and spores.

LEJEUNEA.--Plant of L. clypeata; perianth with capsule and involucral leaves; cross section of perianth; part of stein with [male] branch; leaves with underleaves; elaters and spores.

FRULLANIA.--Plant of F. Asagrayana; two pairs of leaves seen from above, and from below with underleaves and ventral lobes; perianth with involucral leaves; cross-section of perianth, involucral leaf; capsule, elaters, and spores.

PORELLA.--Plant of P. platyphylla; a pair of leaves with underleaves; part of stem with [male] spikes; an antheridium in its leaf; perianth with involucral leaves and capsule; an elater, and spores.

RADULA.--Plant of R. obconica; end of branch with perianth and capsule and lateral [male] branches; a [male] branch; an antheridium; leaves seen from above and below; a capsule, elater, and spores.

PTILIDIUM.--Plant of P. ciliare; a pair of leaves; an underleaf; perianth with involucral leaves; capsule, elater, and spores.

BAZZANIA.--Plant of B. trilobata; two pairs of leaves with underleaves and [male] spike; portion of [male] spike, and antheridium; capsule, elaters, and spores.

TRICHOCOLEA.--Plant of T. tomentella; leaf and underleaf; capsule; elater and spores.

HERBERTA.--Plant of H. adunca; portion with leaves and underleaves; perianth; capsules; elater and spores.

LEPIDOZIA.--Plant of L. reptans; portion with leaves and underleaves; antheridium in its leaf and free, perianth with involucre; capsule, elater, and spores.

KANTIA.--Plant of K. Trichomanis; leaves and underleaves; hairy involucre, and section showing calyptra; capsule with spiral valves; elater and spores.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV.

JUBULA.--Plant of typical J. Hutchinsiae, enlarged; two pairs of leaves seen from below; a lower lobe separate and divided; a perianth with its outer involucre and the dehiscent capsule; an elater.

BLEPHAROSTOMA.--Plant of B. trichophylla, and same enlarged; perianth with the outer involucre, ventral side; two cross sections of perianth; portion of the margin of its orifice, expanded.

LIOCHLAENA.--Plant of L. lanceolata; end of fertile branch, with two leaves, two involucral leaves, and young perianth; summit of perianth, perianth and involucre, the capsule protruding; capsule on its pedicel, with remains of calyptra; capsule dehiscent.

MYLIA.--Plants of M. Taylori, enlarged; portion of stem, seen from beneath, a cauline leaf (below); an underleaf; an involucral leaf (above); perianth partly cut away, showing the calyptra and exserted dehiscent capsule.

DYPLOPHYLLUM.--Plant of typical D. albicans, enlarged; a folded leaf; a leaf with the upper lobe expanded to show the nerve; an involucral leaf seen from without, and from within; perianth, cut longitudinally; calyptra.

NARDIA.--Plant of N. crenulata (a slender small leaved form), enlarged; portion of upper stem with leaves; perianth; calyptra; elater and spores.

JUNGERMANNIA.--Sec. 1. Plants of J. Schraderi, natural size and enlarged; two leaves; two underleaves; involucre; summit of perianth.--Sec. 2. Plant of J. barbata, enlarged; portion of stem with leaves and underleaves; perianth with involucre; involucre.--Sec. 3. Plant of J. Helleriana, enlarged; summit of stem with leaves, involucre, and perianth; involucral leaves, margin of perianth unfolded--Sec. 4. Plants of J. inflata, natural size and enlarged; cauline leaves; involucral leaf.

LUNULARIA.--Sterile and fruiting plants of L. vulgaris, enlarged; section of involucre, showing calyptra and capsule; lunate receptacle of sterile plant, with gemmae.

MARSILIA.--Portion of plant of M. quadrifolia, a sporocarp; sporocarp burst in water and extruding the gelatinous ring with compartments attached.