Part 101

_Corymb._ A flat-topped or convex open flower-cluster, in the stricter use of the word equivalent to a contracted raceme and progressing in its flowering from the margin inward.

_Corymbose._ In corymbs, or corymb-like.

_Cosmopolite._ Found in most parts of the globe (of plants).

_Costa._ A rib; a midrib or mid-nerve.

_Costate._ Ribbed; having one or more longitudinal ribs or nerves.

_Cotyledons._ The foliar portion or first leaves (one, two, or more) of the embryo as found in the seed.

_Crateriform._ In the shape of a saucer or cup, hemispherical or more shallow.

_Creeping._ Running along or under the ground and rooting.

_Crenate._ Dentate with the teeth much rounded.

_Crenulate._ Finely crenate.

_Crested, Cristate._ Bearing an elevated appendage resembling a crest.

_Crown._ An inner appendage to a petal, or to the throat of a corolla.

_Cruciate._ Cross-shaped.

_Crustaceous._ Of hard and brittle texture.

_Cucullate._ Hooded or hood-shaped; cowled.

_Culm._ The peculiar stem of sedges and grasses.

_Cuneate._ Wedge-shaped; triangular with the acute angle downward.

_Cuspidate._ Tipped with a _cusp_, or sharp and rigid point.

_Cylindraceous._ Somewhat or nearly cylindrical.

_Cyme._ A usually broad and flattish determinate inflorescence, i.e. with its central or terminal flowers blooming earliest.

_Cymose._ Bearing cymes or cyme-like.

_Deciduous._ Not persistent; not evergreen.

_Decompound._ More than once compound or divided.

_Decumbent._ Reclining, but with the summit ascending.

_Decurrent_ (leaf). Extending down the stem below the insertion.

_Decurved._ Curved downward.

_Decussate._ Alternating in pairs at right angles, or in threes.

_Definite._ Of a constant number, not exceeding twenty.

_Deflexed._ Bent or turned abruptly downward.

_Dehiscent._ Opening regularly by valves, slits, etc., as a capsule or anther.

_Deltoid._ Shaped like the Greek letter [Greek: D].

_Dentate._ Toothed, usually with the teeth directed outward.

_Denticulate._ Minutely dentate.

_Depressed._ Somewhat flattened from above.

_Di-, Dis-._ A Greek prefix signifying two or twice.

_Diadelphous_ (stamens). Combined in two sets.

_Diandrous._ Having two stamens.

_Dicarpellary._ Composed of two carpels.

_Dichotomous._ Forking regularly by pairs.

_Dicotyledonous._ Having two cotyledons.

_Didymous._ Twin; found in pairs.

_Didynamous_ (stamens). In two pairs of unequal length.

_Diffuse._ Widely or loosely spreading.

_Digitate._ Compound, with the members borne in a whorl at the apex of the support.

_Dimerous_ (flower). Having all the parts in twos.

_Dimidiate._ In halves, as if one half were wanting.

_Dimorphous._ Occurring in two forms.

_Dioecious._ Unisexual, with the two kinds of flowers on separate plants.

_Discoid._ Resembling a disk. _Discoid head_, in Compositae, one without ray-flowers.

_Disk._ A development of the receptacle at or around the base of the pistil. In Compositae, the tubular flowers of the head as distinct from the ray.

_Dissected._ Cut or divided into numerous segments.

_Dissepiment._ A partition in an ovary or fruit.

_Distichous._ In two vertical ranks.

_Distinct._ Separate; not united, evident.

_Divaricate._ Widely divergent.

_Divergent._ Inclined away from each other.

_Divided._ Lobed to the base.

_Dorsal._ Upon or relating to the back or outer surface of an organ.

_Drupaceous._ Resembling or of the nature of a drupe.

_Drupe._ A fleshy or pulpy fruit with the inner portion of the pericarp (1-celled and 1-seeded, or sometimes several-celled) hard or stony.

_Drupelet._ A diminutive drupe.

_E-_ or _Ex-_. A Latin prefix having often a privative signification, as _ebracteate_, without bracts.

_Echinate._ Beset with prickles.

_Effuse._ Very loosely spreading.

_Elater._ A usually spirally marked thread found in the capsules of most Hepaticae.

_Ellipsoidal._ Nearly elliptical; of solids, elliptical in outline.

_Elliptical._ In the form of an ellipse, oval.

_Emarginate._ Having a shallow notch at the extremity.

_Embryo._ The rudimentary plantlet within the seed.

_Endocarp._ The inner layer of a pericarp.

_Endogenous._ Growing throughout the substance of the stem, instead of by superficial layers.

_Entire._ Without toothing or division.

_Ephemeral._ Lasting only for one day.

_Epidermis._ The cuticle or thin membrane covering the outer surface.

_Epigynous._ Growing on the summit of the ovary, or apparently so.

_Epiphyte._ A plant growing attached to another plant, but not parasitic; an air-plant.

_Eporose._ Without pores.

_Equitant._ Astride, used of conduplicate leaves which enfold each other in two ranks, as in Iris.

_Erect._ Vertical; upright as respects the plane of the base.

_Erose._ As if gnawed.

_Exalbuminous._ Without albumen.

_Excurrent._ Running out, as a nerve of a leaf projecting beyond the margin.

_Exfoliating._ Cleaving off in thin layers.

_Exogenous._ Growing by annular layers near the surface; belonging to the Exogens.

_Exserted._ Projecting beyond an envelope, as stamens from a corolla.

_Extrorse._ Facing outward.

_Falcate._ Scythe-shaped, curved and flat, tapering gradually.

_Farinaceous._ Containing starch, starch-like.

_Farinose._ Covered with a meal-like powder.

_Fascicle._ A close bundle or cluster.

_Fastigiate_ (branches). Erect and near together.

_Ferruginous._ Rust-color.

_Fertile._ Capable of producing fruit, or productive, as a flower having a pistil, or an anther with pollen.

_Fibrillose._ Furnished or abounding with fine fibres.

_Fibrous._ Composed of or resembling fibres. _Fibrous tissue_, a tissue formed of elongated thick-walled cells.

_Fibro-vascular._ Composed of woody fibres and ducts.

_Filament._ The part of a stamen which supports the anther; any thread-like body.

_Filamentous._ Composed of threads.

_Filiferous._ Thread-bearing.

_Filiform._ Thread-shaped; long, slender, and terete.

_Fimbriate._ Fringed.

_Fimbrillate._ Having a minute fringe.

_Fingered._ Digitate.

_Fistular._ Hollow and cylindrical.

_Flaccid._ Without rigidity, lax and weak.

_Fleshy._ Succulent; juicy; of the consistence of flesh.

_Flexuous._ Zigzag; bending alternately in opposite directions.

_Floccose._ Clothed with locks of soft hair or wool.

_Foliaceous._ Leaf-like in texture or appearance.

_foliate._ Having leaves.

_-foliolate._ Having leaflets.

_Follicle._ A fruit consisting of a single carpel, dehiscing by the ventral suture.

_Follicular._ Like a follicle.

_Forked._ Divided into nearly equal branches.

_Fornicate._ Arched over, as the corona of some Borraginaceae, closing the throat.

_Free._ Not adnate to other organs.

_Friable._ Easily crumbled.

_Frond._ The leaf of Ferns and some other Cryptogams; also in some Phaenogams, as in Lemnaceae, where it serves for stem as well as foliage.

_Fruit._ The seed-bearing product of a plant, simple, compound, or aggregated, of whatever form.

_Fugacious._ Falling or fading very early.

_Funicle._ The free stalk of an ovule or seed.

_Fuscous._ Grayish-brown.

_Fusiform._ Spindle-shaped; swollen in the middle and narrowing toward each end.

_Galea._ A hooded or helmet-shaped portion of a perianth, as the upper sepal of Aconitum, and the upper lip of some bilabiate corollas.

_Galeate._ Helmet-shaped; having a galea.

_Gamopetalous._ Having the petals of the corolla more or less united.

_Gamophyllous._ Composed of coalescent leaves, sepals, or petals.

_Gemma._ A bud or body analogous to a bud by which a plant propagates itself.

_Gemmiparous._ Producing gemmae.

_Geniculate._ Bent abruptly, like a knee.

_Gibbous._ Protuberant or swollen on one side.

_Glabrate._ Somewhat glabrous, or becoming glabrous.

_Glabrous._ Smooth; not rough, pubescent, or hairy.

_Gland._ A secreting surface or structure; any protuberance or appendage having the appearance of such an organ.

_Glandular._ Bearing glands or of the nature of a gland.

_Glaucous._ Covered or whitened with a bloom.

_Globose, Globular._ Spherical or nearly so.

_Glochidiate._ Barbed at the tip.

_Glomerate._ Compactly clustered.

_Glumaceous._ Furnished with or resembling glumes.

_Glume._ One of the chaffy bracts of the inflorescence of Grasses.

_Granular._ Composed of small grains.

_Gregarious._ Growing in groups or clusters.

_Gymnospermous._ Bearing naked seeds, without an ovary.

_Gynandrous._ Having the stamens borne upon the pistil, as in Orchidaceae.

_Gynobase._ An enlargement or prolongation of the receptacle bearing the ovary.

_Habit._ The general appearance of a plant.

_Halberd-shaped._ The same as Hastate.

_Hastate._ Like an arrow-head, but with the basal lobes pointing outward nearly at right angles.

_Head._ A dense cluster of sessile or nearly sessile flowers on a very short axis or receptacle.

_Heart-shaped._ Ovate with a sinus at base.

_Herb._ A plant with no persistent woody stem above ground.

_Herbaceous._ Having the characters of an herb; leaf-like in color and texture.

_Heterocarpous._ Producing more than one kind of fruit.

_Heterogamous._ Bearing two kinds of flowers.

_Hilum._ The scar or point of attachment of the seed.

_Hirsute._ Pubescent with rather coarse or stiff hairs.

_Hispid._ Beset with rigid or bristly hairs or with bristles.

_Hispidulous._ Minutely hispid.

_Hoary._ Grayish-white with a fine close pubescence.

_Homogamous._ Bearing but one kind of flowers.

_Hooded._ Shaped like a hood or cowl.

_Hyaline._ Transparent or translucent.

_Hybrid._ A cross-breed of two species.

_Hypogynous._ Situated on the receptacle beneath the ovary and free from it and from the calyx; having the petals and stamens so situated.

_Imbricate._ Overlapping, either vertically or spirally, where the lower piece covers the base of the next higher, or laterally, as in the aestivation of a calyx or corolla, where at least one piece must be wholly external and one internal.

_Immersed._ Growing wholly under water; wholly covered by the involucral leaves, as sometimes the capsule in Hepaticae.

_Incised._ Cut sharply and irregularly, more or less deeply.

_Included._ Not at all protruded from the surrounding envelope.

_Incubous_ (leaf). Having the tip or upper margin overlapping the lower margin of the leaf above.

_Incumbent_ (cotyledons). Lying with the back of one against the radicle.

_Indefinite_ (stamens). Inconstant in number or very numerous.

_Indehiscent._ Not opening by valves, etc.; remaining persistently closed.

_Indigenous._ Native and original to the country.

_Indurated._ Hardened.

_Indusium._ The proper (often shield-shaped) covering of the sorus or fruit-dot in Ferns.

_Inequilateral._ Unequal-sided.

_Inferior._ Lower or below; outer or anterior. _Inferior ovary_, one that is adnate to the calyx.

_Inflated._ Bladdery.

_Inflorescence._ The flowering part of a plant, and especially the mode of its arrangement.

_Infra-_. In composition, below; as _infra-axillary_, below the axil.

_Innovation._ An offshoot from the stem.

_Inserted._ Attached to or growing out of.

_Inter-_ or _intra-_. In composition, between.

_Interfoliaceous._ Between the leaves of a pair as the stipules of many Rubiaceae.

_Internode._ The portion of a stem between two nodes.

_Intramarginal._ Within and near the margin.

_Introrse._ Turned inward or toward the axis.

_Involucel._ A secondary involucre, as that of an umbellet in Umbelliferae.

_Involucellate._ Having an involucel.

_Involucral._ Belonging to an involucre.

_Involucrate._ Having an involucre.

_Involucre._ A circle or collection of bracts surrounding a flower cluster or head, or a single flower.

_Involute._ Rolled inward.

_Irregular_ (flower). Showing inequality in the size, form, or union of its similar parts.

_Julaceous._ Resembling a catkin in appearance.

_Keel._ A central dorsal ridge, like the keel of a boat; the two anterior united petals of a papilionaceous flower.

_Kidney-shaped._ Crescentic with the ends broad and rounded; reniform.

_Labiate._ Lipped; belonging to the Labiatae.

_Lacerate._ Irregularly cleft as if torn.

_Laciniate._ Slashed; cut into narrow pointed lobes.

_Lamella._ A thin flat plate or laterally flattened ridge.

_Lanceolate._ Shaped like a lance-head, broadest above the base and narrowed to the apex.

_Lateral._ Belonging to or borne on the side.

_Lax._ Loose and slender.

_Leaflet._ A single division of a compound leaf.

_Legume._ The fruit of the Leguminosae, formed of a simple pistil and usually dehiscent by both sutures.

_Leguminous._ Pertaining to a legume or to the Leguminosae.

_Lenticular._ Lentil-shaped; of the shape of a double-convex lens.

_Lepidote._ Beset with small scurfy scales.

_Ligulate._ Furnished with a ligule.

_Ligule._ A strap-shaped corolla, as in the ray-flowers of Compositae; a thin scarious projection from the summit of the sheath in Grasses.

_Liliaceous._ Lily-like; belonging to the Liliaceae.

_Limb._ The expanded portion of a gamopetalous corolla, above the throat; the expanded portion of any petal, or of a leaf.

_Linear._ Long and narrow, with parallel margins.

_Lip._ Each of the upper and lower divisions of a bilabiate corolla or calyx; the peculiar upper petal in Orchids.

_Lobe._ Any segment of an organ, especially if rounded.

_Lobed._ Divided into or bearing lobes.

_-locular._ In composition, having cells.

_Loculicidal._ Dehiscent into the cavity of a cell through the dorsal suture.

_Lunate._ Of the shape of a half-moon or crescent.

_Lunulate._ Diminutive of Lunate.

_Lyrate._ Pinnatifid with a large and rounded terminal lobe, and the lower lobes small.

_Macrospore._ The larger kind of spore in Selaginellaceae, etc.

_Marcescent._ Withering but persistent.

_Marginal._ Along or near the edge.

_Marginate._ Furnished with a border peculiar in texture or appearance.

_Mealy._ Farinaceous.

_Membranaceous, Membranous._ Thin and rather soft and more or less translucent.

_Meniscoid._ Concavo-convex.

_Mericarp._ One of the achene-like carpels of Umbelliferae.

_-merous._ In composition, having parts, as 2-merous, having two parts of each kind.

_Micropyle._ The point upon the seed at which was the orifice of the ovule.

_Microspore._ The smaller kind of spore in Selaginellaceae, etc.

_Midrib._ The central or main rib of a leaf.

_Mitriform._ Shaped like a mitre or cap.

_Monadelphous_ (stamens). United by their filaments into a tube or column.

_Moniliform._ Resembling a string of beads; cylindrical with contractions at intervals.

_Monocotyledonous._ Having but one cotyledon.

_Monoecious._ With stamens and pistils in separate flowers on the same plant.

_Mucilaginous._ Slimy; containing mucilage.

_Mucro._ A short and small abrupt tip.

_Mucronate._ Tipped with a mucro.

_Multifid._ Cleft into many lobes or segments.

_Muricate._ Rough with short hard points.

_Muriculate._ Very finely muricate.

_Naked._ Bare; without the usual covering or appendages.

_Nectary._ Any place or organ where nectar is secreted.

_Nectariferous._ Producing nectar.

_Nerve._ A simple or unbranched vein or slender rib.

_Node._ The place upon a stem which normally bears a leaf or whorl of leaves.

_Nodose._ Knotty or knobby.

_Nucleus._ The germ-cell of the ovule, which by fertilization becomes the seed; the kernel of a seed.

_Numerous._ Indefinite in number.

_Nut._ A hard indehiscent 1-celled and 1-seeded fruit, though usually resulting from a compound ovary.

_Nutlet._ A diminutive nut.

_Ob-_. A Latin prefix, usually carrying the idea of inversion.

_Obcompressed._ Compressed dorso-ventrally instead of laterally.

_Obconically._ Inversely conical, having the attachment at the apex.

_Obcordate._ Inverted heart-shaped.

_Oblanceolate._ Lanceolate with the broadest part toward the apex.

_Oblique._ Unequal-sided or slanting.

_Oblong._ Considerably longer than broad and with nearly parallel sides.

_Obovate._ Inverted ovate.

_Obovoid._ Having the form of an inverted egg.

_Obsolete._ Not evident; rudimentary.

_Obtuse._ Blunt or rounded at the end.

_Ocrea._ A leggin-shaped or tubular stipule.

_Ocreate._ Having sheathing stipules.

_Ochroleucous._ Yellowish-white.

_Officinal._ Of the shops; used in medicine or the arts.

_Oospore._ The fertilized nucleus or germ-cell of the archegonium in Cryptogams, from which the new plant is directly developed.

_Opaque._ Dull; not smooth and shining.

_Operculate._ Furnished with a lid.

_Operculum._ A lid; the upper portion of a circumscissile capsule.

_Orbicular._ Circular.

_Orthotropous_ (ovule or seed). Erect, with the orifice or micropyle at the apex.

_Oval._, Broadly elliptical.

_Ovary._ The part of the pistil that contains the ovules.

_Ovate._ Egg-shaped; having an outline like that of an egg, with the broader end downward.

_Ovoid._ A solid with an oval outline.

_Ovule._ The body which after fertilization becomes the seed.

_Ovuliferous._ Bearing ovules.

_Palate._ A rounded projection of the lower lip of a personate corolla, closing the throat.

_Paleaceous._ Chaffy.

_Palet._ The upper thin chaffy or hyaline bract which with the glume encloses the flower in Grasses.

_Palmate_ (leaf). Radiately lobed or divided.

_Palmately._ In a palmate manner.

_Panicle._ A loose irregularly compound inflorescence with pedicellate flowers.

_Panicled, Paniculate._ Borne in a panicle; resembling a panicle.

_Papilionaceous_ (corolla). Having a standard, wings, and keel, as in the peculiar corolla of many Leguminosae.

_Papillose._ Bearing minute nipple-shaped projections.

_Pappus._ The modified calyx-limb in Compositae, forming a crown of very various character at the summit of the achene.

_Parasitic._ Growing on and deriving nourishment from another plant.

_Parietal._ Borne on or pertaining to the wall or inner surface of a capsule.

_Parted._ Cleft nearly but not quite to the base.

_Partial._ Of secondary rank.

_Pectinate._ Pinnatifid with narrow closely set segments; comb-like.

_Pedate._ Palmately divided or parted, with the lateral segments 2-cleft.

_Pedicel._ The support of a single flower.

_Pedicellate._ Borne on a pedicel.

_Peduncle._ A primary flower-stalk, supporting either a cluster or a solitary flower.

_Pedunculate._ Borne upon a peduncle.

_Peltate._ Shield-formed and attached to the support by the lower surface.

_Pendulous._ More or less hanging or declined. _Pendulous ovule_, one that hangs from the side of the cell.

_Perennial._ Lasting year after year.

_Perfect_ (flower). Having both pistil and stamens.

_Perfoliate_ (leaf). Having the stem apparently passing through it.

_Perianth._ The floral envelope, consisting of the calyx and corolla (when present), whatever their form; in Hepaticae, the inner usually sac-like involucre of the archegonium.

_Pericarp._ The matured ovary.

_Perigynium._ The inflated sac which encloses the ovary in Carex.

_Perigynous._ Adnate to the perianth, and therefore around the ovary and not at its base.

_Persistent._ Long-continuous, as a calyx upon the fruit, leaves through winter, etc.

_Personate_ (corolla). Bilabiate, and the throat closed by a prominent palate.

_Petal._ A division of the corolla.

_Petaloid._ Colored and resembling a petal.

_Petiolate._ Having a petiole.

_Petiole._ The footstalk of a leaf.

_Phaenogamous._ Having flowers with stamens and pistils and producing seeds.

_Phyllodium._ A somewhat dilated petiole having the form of and serving as a leaf-blade.

_Pilose._ Hairy, especially with soft hairs.

_Pinna_ (pl. _Pinnae_). One of the primary divisions of a pinnate or compoundly pinnate frond or leaf.

_Pinnate_ (leaf). Compound, with the leaflets arranged on each side of a common petiole.

_Pinnatifid._ Pinnately cleft.

_Pinnule._ A secondary pinna; one of the pinnately disposed divisions of a pinna.

_Pistil._ The seed-bearing organ of the flower, consisting of the ovary, stigma, and style when present.

_Pistillate._ Provided with pistils, and, in its more proper sense, without stamens.

_Pitted._ Marked with small depressions or pits.

_Placenta._ Any part of the interior of the ovary which bears ovules.

_Plane._ Flat; with a flat surface or surfaces.

_Plicate._ Folded into plaits, usually lengthwise.

_Plumose._ Having fine hairs on each side, like the plume of a feather, as the pappus-bristles of Thistles.

_Plumule._ The bud or growing point of the embryo.

_Pod._ Any dry and dehiscent fruit.

_Pointed._ Acuminate.

_Pollen._ The fecundating grains contained in the anther.

_Polliniferous._ Bearing pollen.

_Pollinium_ (pl. _Pollinia_). A mass of waxy pollen or of coherent pollen-grains, as in Asclepias and Orchids.

_Polypetalous._ Having separate petals.

_Pome._ A kind of fleshy fruit of which the apple is the type.

_Porose._ Pierced with small holes or pores.

_Posterior._ In an axillary flower, on the side nearest to the axis of inflorescence.

_Posticous._ On the posterior side; extrorse.

_Praemorse._ Appearing as if bitten off.

_Prickle._ A small spine or more or less slender sharp outgrowth from the bark or rind.

_Prismatic._ Of the shape of a prism, angular, with flat sides, and of nearly uniform size throughout.

_Procumbent._ Lying on the ground.

_Proliferous._ Producing offshoots.

_Prostrate._ Lying flat upon the ground.

_Proterogynous._ Having the stigma ripe for the pollen before the maturity of the anthers of the same flower.

_Prothallus._ A cellular usually flat and thallus-like growth, resulting from the germination of a spore, upon which are developed sexual organs or new plants.

_Pseudaxillary._ Terminal but becoming apparently axillary by the growth of a lateral branch.

_Pseudo-costate._ False-ribbed, as where a marginal vein or rib is formed by the confluence of the true veins.

_Pteridophytes._ Fern-plants; Ferns and their allies.

_Puberulent._ Minutely pubescent.

_Pubescent._ Covered with hairs, especially if short, soft and downy.

_Punctate._ Dotted with depressions or with translucent internal glands or colored dots.

_Puncticulate._ Minutely punctate.

_Pungent._ Terminating in a rigid sharp point; acrid.

_Putamen._ The shell of a nut; the bony part of a stone-fruit.

_Quadrate._ Nearly square in form.

_Raceme._ A simple inflorescence of pedicelled flowers upon a common more or less elongated axis.

_Racemose._ In racemes; or resembling a raceme.

_Radiate._ Spreading from or arranged around a common centre; bearing ray-flowers.

_Radical._ Belonging to or proceeding from the root or base of the stem near the ground.

_Radicle._ The portion of the embryo below the cotyledons, more properly called the caudicle.

_Radiculose._ Bearing rootlets.

_Rameal._ Belonging to a branch.

_Ramification._ Branching.

_Ray._ The branch of an umbel; the marginal flowers of an inflorescence when distinct from the disk.

_Receptacle._ The more or less expanded or produced portion of an axis which bears the organs of a flower (the _torus_) or the collected flowers of a head; any similar structure in Cryptogams.

_Recurved._ Curved downward or backward.

_Reflexed._ Abruptly bent or turned downward.

_Regular._ Uniform in shape or structure.

_Reniform._ Kidney-shaped.

_Repand._ With a slightly uneven and somewhat sinuate margin.

_Resiniferous._ Producing resin.

_Reticulate._ In the form of network; net-veined.

_Retrorse._ Directed back or downward.

_Retuse._ With a shallow notch at a rounded apex.

_Revolute._ Rolled backward from the margins or apex.

_Rhachis._ The axis of a spike or of a compound leaf.

_Rhaphe._ The ridge or adnate funicle which in an anatropous ovule connects the two ends.

_Rhizome._ Any prostrate or subterranean stem, usually rooting at the nodes and becoming erect at the apex. Very variable in character, and including morphologically the tuber, corm, bulb, etc.

_Rhombic, Rhomboidal_, Somewhat lozenge-shaped; obliquely four-sided.

_Rib._ A primary or prominent vein of a leaf.

_Ringent._ Gaping, as the mouth of an open bilabiate corolla.

_Root._ The underground part of a plant which supplies it with nourishment.