Part 10

Pod roundish, much flattened contrary to the narrow partition; the valves boat-shaped and keeled. Seeds solitary in each cell, pendulous. Cotyledons incumbent, or in n. 1 accumbent! Flowers small, white or greenish. (Name from [Greek: lepi/dion], _a little scale_, alluding to the small flat pods.)--Ours are annuals or biennials, except the last.

[*] _Leaves all with a tapering base, the upper linear or lanceolate and entire, the lower and often the middle ones incised or pinnatifid; pods orbicular or oval, with a small notch at the top; the style minute or none; stamens only 2._

1. L. Virginicum, L. (WILD PEPPERGRASS.) _Cotyledons accumbent_ and seed minutely margined; _pod marginless_ or obscurely margined at the top; petals present, except in some of the later flowers.--June--Sept. A common roadside weed, which has immigrated from farther south.

2. L. intermedium, Gray. _Cotyledons incumbent_ as in the following; _pod minutely wing-margined at the top_; petals usually minute or wanting; otherwise nearly as in n. 1.--Dry places, from western N. Y. and N. Ill., north and westward.

L. RUDERALE, L. More diffuse, the smaller and oval _pods and the seeds marginless; petals always wanting_.--Roadsides, near Boston, Philadelphia, etc.; not common. (Adv. from Eu.)

[*][*] _Stem-leaves with a sagittate partly clasping base, rather crowded._

L. CAMPESTRE, Br. Minutely _soft downy_; leaves arrow-shaped, somewhat toothed; _pods ovate, winged_, rough, the style longer than the narrow notch.--Old fields, Mass. and N. Y. to Va.; rare. (Nat. from Eu.)

L. DRABA, L. Perennial, _obscurely hoary_; leaves oval or oblong, the upper with broad clasping auricles; flowers corymbose; _pods heart-shaped, wingless_, thickish, entire, tipped with a conspicuous style.--Astoria, near New York, _D. C. Eaton_. (Adv. from Eu.)

21. SENEBIERA, DC. WART-CRESS. SWINE-CRESS.

Pod flattened contrary to the narrow partition; the two cells indehiscent and falling away at maturity from the partition as closed nutlets, strongly wrinkled or tuberculate, 1 seeded. Cotyledons narrow and incumbently folded transversely. Low and diffuse or prostrate annuals or biennials, with minute whitish flowers. Stamens often only 2. (Dedicated to _J. Senebier_, a distinguished vegetable physiologist.)

S. DIDYMA, Pers. Leaves 1--2-pinnately parted; _pods notched at the apex, rough-wrinkled_.--Waste places, at ports, E. Mass. to Va., etc.; an immigrant from farther south.

S. CORONOPUS, DC. Leaves less divided, with narrower lobes; _pods not notched at the apex, tubercled_.--At ports, R. I. to Va., etc. (Adv. from Eu.)

22. CAKILE, Tourn. SEA-ROCKET.

Pod short, 2-jointed across, fleshy, the upper joint separating at maturity; each indehiscent, 1-celled and 1-seeded, or the lower sometimes seedless. Seed erect in the upper, suspended in the lower joint. Cotyledons obliquely accumbent.--Seaside fleshy annuals. Flowers purplish. (An old Arabic name.)

1. C. Americana, Nutt. (AMERICAN SEA-ROCKET.) Leaves obovate, sinuate and toothed; lower joint of the fruit obovoid, emarginate; the upper ovate, flattish at the apex.--Coast of the Northern States and of the Great Lakes. July--Sept.--Joints nearly even and fleshy when fresh; the upper one 4-angled and appearing more beaked when dry.

23. RAPHANUS, Tourn. RADISH.

Pods linear or oblong, tapering upward, indehiscent, several-seeded, continuous and spongy within between the seeds, or necklace-form by constriction between the seeds, with no proper partition. Style long. Seeds spherical and cotyledons conduplicate, as in Brassica.--Annuals or biennials. (The ancient Greek name from [Greek: r(ai], _quickly_, and [Greek: phai/no], _to appear_, alluding to the rapid germination.)

R. RAPHANISTRUM, L. (WILD RADISH. JOINTED CHARLOCK.) Pods necklace-form, long-beaked; leaves lyre-shaped, rough; petals yellow, turning whitish or purplish, veiny.--A troublesome weed in fields, E. New Eng. to Penn. (Adv. from Eu.)

ORDER 11. CAPPARIDACEAE. (CAPER FAMILY.)

_Herbs_ (when in northern regions), _with cruciform flowers, but 6 or more not tetradynamous stamens, a 1-celled pod with 2 parietal placentae, and kidney-shaped seeds._--Pod as in Cruciferae, but with no partition; seeds similar, but the embryo coiled rather than folded. Leaves alternate, mostly palmately compound.--Often with the acrid or pungent qualities of Cruciferae (as in _capers_, the flower-buds of Capparis spinosa).

1. Polanisia. Stamens 8 or more. Pod many-seeded, not or scarcely stipitate.

2. Cleome. Stamens 6. Pod linear, many-seeded, long stipitate.

3. Cleomella. Stamens 6. Pod very short, rhomboidal, few-seeded, long-stipitate.

1. POLANISIA, Raf.

Petals with claws, notched at the apex. Stamens 8--32, unequal. Receptacle not elongated, bearing a gland behind the base of the ovary. Pod linear or oblong, veiny, turgid, many-seeded.--Fetid annuals, with glandular or clammy hairs. Flowers in leafy racemes. (Name from [Greek: poly/s], _many_, and [Greek: a)/nisos], _unequal_, points in which the genus differs in its stamens from Cleome.)

1. P. graveolens, Raf. Leaves with 3 oblong leaflets; stamens about 11, scarcely exceeding the petals; style short; pod slightly stipitate.--Gravelly shores, from Conn. and W. Vt. to Minn. and Kan. June--Aug.--Flowers small (2--3'' long); calyx and filaments purplish; petals yellowish-white.

2. P. trachysperma, Torr. & Gray. Flowers larger (4--5'' long), the stamens (12--16) long-exserted; style 2--3'' long; pod sessile; seeds usually rough.--Iowa to Kan. and westward.

2. CLEOME, L.

Petals entire, with claws. Stamens 6. Receptacle somewhat produced between the petals and stamens, and bearing a gland behind the stipitate ovary. Pod linear to oblong, many-seeded.--Our species a glabrous annual, with 3-foliolate leaves, leafy-bracteate racemes, and rose-colored or white flowers. (Name of uncertain derivation, early applied to some mustard-like plant.)

1. C. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray. Calyx 4-cleft; petals with very short claws, leaflets narrowly lanceolate to oblong; bracts simple; pod oblong to linear, 1--2' long, the stipe as long as the pedicel.--Minn. to Kan. and westward; N. Ill. Flowers showy; 2--3 deg. high.

(Addendum) C. SPINOSA, L. Viscid-pubescent, 3--4 deg. high; a pair of short stipular spines under the petiole of each leaf; leaflets 5--7, oblong-lanceolate; flowers large, rose-purple to white; stamens 2--3' long; stipe of the linear pod about 2' long. (C. pungens, _Willd._)--An escape from cultivation, near Mt. Carmel, Ill. (_Schneck_), and in waste grounds southward; also on ballast. (Int. from Trop. Amer.)

3. CLEOMELLA, DC.

Differing from Cleome in the clawless petals, glandless receptacle, and the short few-seeded pod with more or less distended or even conical valves. Flowers small, yellow. (Name a diminutive of _Cleome_.)

1. C. angustifolia, Torr. Glabrous, 1--2 deg. high; leaflets (3) and simple bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, acute; pod rhomboidal, the valves very bluntly conical; stipe shorter than the pedicel.--Kan. to Tex. and westward.

ORDER 12. RESEDACEAE. (MIGNONETTE FAMILY.)

_Herbs, with unsymmetrical 4--7-merous small flowers, a fleshy 1-sided hypogynous disk between the petals and the (3--40) stamens, bearing the latter. Calyx not closed in the bud. Capsule 3--6-lobed, 3--6-horned, 1-celled with 3--6-parietal placentae, opening at the top before the seeds_ (which are as in Order 11) _are full grown._--Leaves alternate, with only glands for stipules. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes.--A small and unimportant family, of the Old World, represented by the Mignonette (_Reseda odorata_) and the Dyer's Weed.

1. RESEDA, Tourn. MIGNONETTE. DYER'S ROCKET.

Petals 4--7, cleft, unequal. Stamens 12--40, on one side of the flower. (Name from _resedo_, to calm, in allusion to supposed sedative properties.)

R. LUTEOLA, L. (DYER'S WEED or WELD.) Leaves lanceolate; calyx 4-parted; petals 4, greenish-yellow; the upper one 3--5-cleft, the two lateral 3-cleft, the lower one linear and entire; capsule depressed.--Roadsides, N. Y., etc.--Plant 2 deg. high. Used for dyeing yellow. (Adv. from Eu.)

R. LUTEA, L. Leaves irregularly pinnately parted or bipinnatifid; sepals and petals 6, stamens 15--20.--Nantucket, Mass., and ballast-grounds.

ORDER 13. CISTACEAE. (ROCK-ROSE FAMILY.)

_Low shrubs or herbs, with regular flowers, distinct and hypogynous mostly indefinite stamens, a persistent calyx, a 1-celled 3--5-valved capsule with as many parietal placentae borne on the middle of the valves, and orthotropous albuminous seeds._--Sepals 5; the two external much smaller, bract-like, or sometimes wanting; the three others a little twisted in the bud. Petals 3 or 5, convolute in the opposite direction from the calyx in the bud. Anthers short, innate, on slender filaments. Style single or none. Ovules few or many, on slender stalks, with the orifice at the apex. Embryo long and slender, straightish or curved, in mealy albumen; cotyledons narrow.--Leaves simple and mostly entire, the lower usually opposite, and the upper alternate. Inert plants.

1. Helianthemum. Petals 5, crumpled in the bud, fugacious (or none). Stigma nearly sessile. Stamens and ovules numerous in the petal-bearing flowers.

2. Hudsonia. Petals 5, fugacious. Stamens 9--30. Style long and slender. Pod strictly 1-celled, 2--6-seeded. Heath-like.

3. Lechea. Petals 3, persistent. Stamens 3--12. Style none. Pod partly 3-celled, the imperfect partitions bearing broad 2-seeded placentae.

1. HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. ROCK-ROSE.

Petals 5, crumpled in the bud, fugacious. Styles short or none in our species; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule strictly 1-celled. Embryo curved in the form of a hook or ring.--Flowers in most N. American species of two sorts, viz., _primary_ or earlier ones, with large petals, indefinitely numerous stamens and many-seeded pods; and _secondary_, or later ones, which are much smaller and in clusters, with small petals or none, 3--10 stamens, and much smaller 3--few-seeded pods. The yellow flowers open only once, in sunshine, and cast their petals by the next day. (Name from [Greek: e(/lios], _the sun_, and [Greek: a)/nthemon], _flower_.)

1. H. Canadense, Michx. (FROST-WEED.) _Petal-bearing flowers solitary; the small secondary flowers clustered in the axils of the leaves_, nearly sessile; calyx of the large flowers hairy-pubescent, of the small ones hoary, like the stem and lower side of the lanceolate-oblong leaves.--Sandy or gravelly dry soil, Maine to Minn. and southward. June--Aug.--Stems at first simple. Corolla of the large flowers 1' wide, producing pods 3'' long; pods of the smaller flowers not larger than a pin's head. A variety is more hoary, and with a stronger tendency to multiply the minute clustered flowers. Late in autumn crystals of ice shoot from the cracked bark at the root, whence the popular name.

2. H. corymbosum, Michx. _Flowers all clustered at the summit_ of the stem or branches, the petal-bearing ones at length on slender stalks; calyx woolly.--Pine barrens, N. J. and southward along the coast.

2. HUDSONIA, L.

Petals 5, fugacious (lasting but a day), much larger than the calyx. Stamens 9--30. Style long and slender; stigma minute. Pod oblong, enclosed in the calyx, strictly 1-celled, with 1 or 2 seeds attached near the base of each nerve-like placenta. Embryo coiled into the form of a closed hook.--Bushy heath-like little shrubs (seldom a foot high), covered all over with the small awl-shaped or scale-like alternate persistent downy leaves, producing numerous (small but showy) bright yellow flowers crowded along the upper part of the branches. (Named in honor of _Wm. Hudson_, an early English botanist.)

1. H. ericoides, L. Downy but greenish; leaves slender, awl-shaped, loose; flowers on slender naked stalks; ovary hairy.--Dry sandy soil near the coast, E. Maine to Va.; N. Conway, N. H. (_Miss Minns._) May.

2. H. tomentosa, Nutt. Hoary with down; leaves oval or narrowly oblong, 1'' long, close-pressed and imbricated; flowers sessile or some short-peduncled.--Sandy shores, Maine to Md., and along the Great Lakes to Minn.; rarely on banks of streams inland. May, June.

3. LECHEA, Kalm. PINWEED.

Petals 3, narrow, flat in the bud, not longer than the calyx, withering-persistent. Stamens 3--12. Style scarcely any; stigmas 3, plumose. Pod globular, partly 3-celled; the 3 broad and thin placentae borne on imperfect partitions, each bearing 2 seeds on the face toward the valve; in our species the placentae curve backward and partly enclose the seeds. Embryo straightish.--Homely perennial herbs, with very small greenish or purplish flowers, in summer. (Named in honor of _John Leche_, a Swedish botanist.)

[*] _Pubescence villous, spreading; leaves oblong; flowers very short-pedicelled in cymulose clusters._

1. L. major, Michx. Stem upright (1--2 deg. high), stout, simple, very leafy, producing slender prostrate branches from the base; leaves elliptical, mucronate-pointed, alternate and opposite or sometimes whorled; flowers densely crowded; pedicels shorter than the very small depressed-globose pod; sepals narrower than its valves.--Sterile grounds; common, especially southward.

[*][*] _Pubescence appressed, leaves narrower; flowers paniculate._

[+] _Leaves comparatively short, broad, and thin; panicles leafy._

2. L. thymifolia, Michx. Erect, about 2 deg. high; stem-leaves oval or oblong (3--6'' long), commonly somewhat hairy, some whorled or opposite, those of the rather crowded panicles more linear; pod obovate-globose, one of the narrow outer sepals often longer. (L. Novae-Caesareae, _Austin_.)--Dry grounds near the coast, E. Mass. to Fla.

[+][+] _Leaves firmer, narrow, the cauline linear to slender-subulate; panicles more naked and racemiform._

[++] _Fruiting calyx globular or broadly ovoid; pod rather large, nearly globose._

3. L. minor, L. Rather strict, 1 deg. high or more, usually glabrate in age; leaves of radical shoots lanceolate, rigid, 2--3'' long, the cauline linear, 6--9'' long; pod about 1'' high.--Dry and sterile ground; common.

Var. maritima, Gray in herb. Stouter and more rigid, leaves of radical shoots thicker, linear, hoary, the cauline puberulent or glabrous, calyx canescent. (L. thymifolia, _Pursh._; L. maritima, _Leggett_.)--Sandy soil near the coast, Mass. to Ga.

4. L. tenuifolia, Michx. Low, slender and diffuse, minutely pubescent or glabrous; leaves all small and very narrow; flowers mostly on very short pedicels, diffusely racemose-paniculate; sepals without lateral ribs; pod ovoid-globose.--Dry, sterile soil, E. Mass. to Mo., and southward.

[++][++] _Smaller-flowered; fruiting calyx narrower; pod ellipsoidal._

5. L. racemulosa, Lam. Erect, soft-pubescent when young, soon nearly glabrous; leaves of radical shoots narrowly oblong, the cauline oblong-linear, 4--6'' long; inflorescence loose and diffuse; fruiting calyx glabrous.--Dry and rocky soil, Long Island to Ky., and southward.

ORDER 14. VIOLACEAE. (VIOLET FAMILY.)

_Herbs, with a somewhat irregular 1-spurred corolla of 5 petals, 5 hypogynous stamens with adnate introrse anthers conniving over the pistil, and a 1-celled 3-valved pod with 3 parietal placentae._--Sepals 5, persistent. Petals imbricated in the bud. Stamens with their short and broad filaments continued beyond the anther-cells, and often coherent with each other. Style usually club-shaped, with the simple stigma turned to one side. Valves of the capsule bearing the several-seeded placentae on their middle; after opening, each valve as it dries folds together lengthwise firmly, projecting the seeds. Seeds anatropous, rather large, with a hard seed-coat, and a large and straight embryo nearly as long as the albumen; cotyledons flat.--Leaves alternate, with stipules. Flowers axillary, nodding. (Roots slightly acrid or emetic.)

1. Viola. Sepals auricled. Lower petal spurred. Stamens distinct, the 2 lower spurred.

2. Solea. Sepals not auricled. Petals equal in length. Stamens united into a sheath.

3. Ionidium. Sepals not auricled. Petals very unequal. Filaments distinct, the anthers merely connivent.

1. VIOLA, Tourn. VIOLET. HEART'S-EASE.

Sepals extended into ears at the base. Petals somewhat unequal, the lower one spurred at the base. Stamens closely surrounding the ovary, often slightly cohering with each other; the two lower bearing spurs which project into the spur of the corolla. Besides these conspicuous blossoms, which appear in spring, others are produced later (especially in the stemless species), on shorter peduncles or on runners, usually concealed under the leaves; these never open nor develop petals, but are fertilized in the bud, and are far more fruitful than the ordinary blossoms. (The ancient Latin name of the genus.)

Sec. 1. _Perennials; stipules never leaf-like, the lower more or less scarious._

[*] _Stemless, the leaves and scapes directly from a rootstock or from runners._

[+] _Stigma large, naked, not beaked; stolons none; rootstock short and thick._

1. V. pedata, L. (BIRD-FOOT V.) Nearly smooth; rootstock erect, not scaly; _leaves all 3--5-divided_, or the earliest only parted, the lateral divisions 2--3-parted, all linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes 2--3-toothed or cut at the apex; flower large, 1' broad, pale or deep lilac-purple or blue.--Sandy or gravelly soil, New Eng. to Minn., and southward.--Var. BICOLOR, Pursh, a very handsome variety, with the two upper petals deep violet, and as it were velvety, occurs sparingly from Mass. to Md.; most common in N. J., on shale.

[+][+] _Stigma small, naked, often beaked or pointed._

[++] _Rootstock fleshy and thickened, never filiform nor producing runners; flowers violet or purple (rarely white); lateral petals bearded._

2. V. pedatifida, G. Don. Leaves all palmately or pedately 5--7-parted; divisions 2--3-cleft; lobes linear; otherwise like n. 3. (V. delphinifolia, _Nutt._)--Rich prairies, or more often in dry poor land, Ill. to Kan. and Minn.

3. V. palmata, L. (COMMON BLUE V.) Glabrous to villous-pubescent; early leaves roundish-cordate or reniform and merely crenate, the sides rolled inward when young, the later very various, palmately or pedately or hastately lobed or parted, the segments obovate to linear. (V. cucullata, var. palmata, _Gray_.)--Moist or dryish, especially sterile, ground; very common.

Var. cucullata, Gray. Later leaves merely crenate, not lobed. (V. cucullata, _Ait._)--Low grounds; common everywhere. Both forms are very variable in the size and shape of the leaves and sepals, and in the size and color of the flowers, which are deep or pale violet-blue or purple, sometimes white or variegated with white.

4. V. sagittata, Ait. (ARROW-LEAVED V.) Smoothish or hairy; leaves on short and margined, or the later often on long and naked petioles, varying from oblong-heart-shaped to halberd-shaped, arrow-shaped, oblong-lanceolate or ovate, denticulate, sometimes cut-toothed near the base, the lateral or occasionally all the (rather large purple-blue) petals bearded; spur short and thick; stigma beaked.--Dry or moist sandy places, New Eng. to Minn., and southward. Some forms pass into the last.

[++][++] _Rootstocks long and filiform, extensively creeping._

[=] _Flowers blue or purple._

5. V. Selkirkii, Pursh. (GREAT-SPURRED V.) Small and delicate; the filiform rootstock fibrose-rooted, no runners above ground; smooth, except the round-heart-shaped crenate leaves, which are minutely hairy on the upper surface and have a deep narrowed sinus; _spur very large_, thickened at the end, almost as long as the beardless pale violet petals.--Damp and shady soil, N. Maine to W. Mass., central N. Y., L. Superior (_Robbins_), and northward; rare.--Scapes and petioles 1--2', the leaf 1/2--11/4' long, thin; the spur 3'' long. (Eu.)

6. V. palustris, L. (MARSH V.) Smooth; leaves round-heart-shaped and kidney-form, slightly crenate; flowers (small) pale lilac with purple streaks, nearly beardless; _spur very short_ and obtuse.--Alpine summits of the White Mountains, N. H., and high northward. June. (Eu.)

V. ODORATA, L. (SWEET VIOLET), cultivated in gardens, from Europe, belongs near this group, and is sparingly spontaneous in some places.

[=][=] _Flowers white (small, short-spurred), mostly with brown-purple veins; lateral petals bearded or beardless. Species apparently confluent._

7. V. blanda, Willd. (SWEET WHITE V.) Commonly glabrous; leaves round-heart-shaped or kidney-form; petals mostly beardless, the lower strongly veined.--Damp places, everywhere. Flowers faintly sweet-scented.

Var. palustriformis, Gray. The larger form; upper surface of the leaves sparsely and finely hairy; petals 5'' long, oftener bearded, less distinctly veined.--Shaded mossy ground, N. Eng. to Del., and westward.

Var. renifolia, Gray. Slightly or strongly pubescent with soft spreading hairs; leaves round-reniform; petals usually beardless. (V. renifolia, _Gray_.)--Maine to Mass., western N. Y., Lake Superior, etc.

8. V. primulaefolia, L. (PRIMROSE-LEAVED V.) Smooth or a little pubescent; leaves oblong or ovate, abrupt or somewhat heart-shaped at the base; petals often acute, the lateral ones usually sparingly bearded.--Damp or dry soil, N. Eng. to Fla., toward the coast.

9. V. lanceolata, L. (LANCE-LEAVED VIOLET.) Smooth; leaves lanceolate, erect, blunt, tapering into a long-margined petiole, almost entire; petals beardless.--Damp soil; common, especially eastward.

[=][=][=] _Flowers yellow._

10. V. rotundifolia, Michx. (ROUND-LEAVED VIOLET.) Leaves round-ovate, heart-shaped, slightly crenate; lateral petals bearded and marked with brown lines; spur very short.--Cold woods, Maine to Minn., and south along the Alleghanies.--Smoothish; leaves 1' broad at flowering, increasing to 3 or 4' in the summer, then lying flat on the ground, shining above.

[*][*] _Leafy-stemmed; all perennial with short rootstocks._

[+] _Low, at first nearly stemless; flowers yellow; stigma concave, bearded._

11. V. Nuttallii, Pursh. Pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly crenate, decurrent on the petiole.--Central Kansas and westward.

[+][+] _Stems erect, without root-leaves; stipules entire; spur very short; stigma beakless, pubescent._

[++] _Stems naked below; flowers yellow._

12. V. pubescens, Ait. (DOWNY YELLOW V.) Softly pubescent (6--12' high); _leaves very broadly heart-shaped_, toothed, somewhat pointed; stipules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large; lower petals veined with purple, capsule oblong to globular, glabrous or tomentose.--Woods; common.--Var. SCABRIUSCULA, Torr. & Gray, smaller and greener, slightly pubescent (4--10' high).--R. I. to Ky., and southwestward.

13. V. hastata, Michx. (HALBERD-LEAVED V.) Nearly glabrous, slender (4--10' high); _stem-leaves halberd-shaped_ or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly serrate, acute; stipules ovate, small.--Woods, N. Ohio (near Painesville, _Miss Shattuck_), mountains of Penn., and southward; rare.

[++][++] _Stems more leafy and prolonged; flowers white or purplish._

14. V. Canadensis, L. (CANADA V.) Upright (1--2 deg. high); leaves heart-shaped, pointed, serrate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire; petals white or whitish inside, the upper ones mostly tinged with violet beneath, the lateral bearded.--Rich woods; common northward and along the Alleghanies. May--Aug.

[+][+][+] _Stems erect or spreading (at first nearly acaulescent); stipules fringe-toothed; spur oblong to cylindrical; stigma naked._

15. V. striata, Ait. (PALE V.) Stems angular, ascending (6--10' high); leaves heart-shaped, finely serrate, often acute; stipules oblong-lanceolate, large; _spur thickish, much shorter than the cream-colored or white petals_, the lateral ones bearded, the lower striped with purplish lines; stigma beaked.--Low grounds, W. New Eng. to Minn. and Mo., and southward in the mountains. April--Oct.