CHAPTER XXX

CONCLUSION

Successive Generals in the Restored Society--Present Membership, Missions and Provinces.

As we have seen, the first General of the Society elected after the Restoration was Father Fortis, who died on January 27, 1829. On June 29 of that year Father John Roothaan was chosen as his successor on the fourth ballot. As in the previous election, Father Rozaven was the choice of many of the delegates.

John Philip Roothaan, the twenty-first General of the Society, was born at Amsterdam on November 23, 1785, and finished his classical studies in the Atheneum Illustre under the famous Jakob van Lennep. When he had made up his mind to enter the Society in White Russia in 1804, his distinguished teacher, though a Protestant, gave him the following letter of introduction: "I am fully aware of how in former times the Society distinguished itself in every branch of knowledge. Its splendid services in that respect can never be forgotten, and I am, therefore, especially pleased to recommend this young man whose merit I most highly appreciate. May he be enriched with all your science and your virtues, and I trust to see him again in possession of those treasures which he has gone so far to seek."

The praise was well merited, for, even at that early period of his life, Roothaan had mastered French, Polish, Latin, Greek and Hebrew. He studied philosophy at Polotsk, and in 1812 was ordained priest. After the expulsion he went to Switzerland in 1820, and taught rhetoric there for three years. As socius to the provincial, he made the tour of all the Jesuit houses in Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Holland three times, and afterwards was appointed rector of the new college in Turin. As General, his chief care was to strengthen the internal life of the Society. His first eleven encyclicals have that object in view. His edition of the "Exercises" is a classic. In 1832 he published the "Revised Order of Studies," adapting the Ratio to the needs of the times; and he increased the activities of the Society in the mission fields. But his long term of office was one uninterrupted series of trials. His enforced visit to the greater number of the houses has already been told in a preceding chapter.

Among the many things for which the Society is profoundly grateful to Father Roothaan is the very remarkable publication of the "Exercises of St. Ignatius." According to Astrain, "the autograph was in rough and labored Castilian," for it must be remembered that the saintly author was a Basque. "The text," he tells us, "arrests the attention," not by its elegance but, "by the energetic precision and brevity with which certain thoughts are expressed. The autograph itself no longer exists. What goes by that name is only a quarto copy made by some secretary, but containing corrections in the author's handwriting. It has been reproduced by photography. Two Latin translations were made of it during the lifetime of St. Ignatius. There remain now, first the _versio antiqua_ or ancient Latin translation, which is a literal version, probably by the saint himself; second, a free translation by Father Frusius, more elegant and more in accordance with the style of the period. It is commonly called the 'Vulgate.' The _versio antiqua_ bears the date, Rome, July 9, 1541. The 'Vulgate' is later than 1541 but earlier than 1548, when the two versions were presented to Paul III for approval. He appointed three examiners, who warmly praised both versions, but the Vulgate was the only one printed. It was published in Rome on September 11, 1548, and was called the _editio princeps_.

"Besides these two translations, there are two others. One is the still unpublished text left by Blessed Peter Faber to the Carthusians of Cologne before 1546. It holds a middle place between the literal document and the Vulgate. The second was made by Father Roothaan, who, on account of the differences between the Vulgate and the Spanish autograph, wished to translate the Exercises into Latin as accurately as possible, at the same time making use of the _versio antiqua_. His intention was not to supplant the Vulgate, and on that account he published the work of Frusius and his own in parallel columns (1835)."

Father Roothaan was succeeded as General by Father Beckx, who was born in 1795 at Sichem, near Diest, the town that glories in being the birthplace of St. John Berchmans. He entered the Society at Hildesheim in 1819, after having been a secular priest for eight months. In 1825 he was appointed chaplain of the Duke of Anhalt-Köthen, who had become a Catholic after visiting the home of one of his Catholic friends in France. Anhalt-Köthen is in Prussian Saxony, and there were only twenty Catholics in the entire duchy when Beckx arrived there. Before four years had passed, the number had grown to two hundred. In 1830 he was sent to Vienna and for a time was the only Jesuit in that city. In 1852 he was made provincial of Austria and had the happiness of leading back his brethren to the beloved Innsbruck as well as to Lenz and Lemberg. In the following year he was elected General, and occupied the post for thirty-four years. He used to say that at the time he entered into office the province of Portugal consisted of one Jesuit and a half. The one was in hiding in Lisbon, and the "half" was a novice in Turin. Even now they number only three hundred. All the houses have been seized by the Republican government and the Fathers, scholastics and brothers expelled from their native land in the usual brutal fashion.

During Father Beckx's term of office eighty Jesuits were raised to the honors of the altar. All but three of them were martyrs. In spite of this the Society was expelled from Italy in 1860; from Spain in 1868; and from Germany in 1873, at which time the General and the assistants left Rome, where, after the Piedmontese occupation, it was no longer safe to live. They took up their abode at Fiesole and there the curia, as it is called, remained until after the death of Father Beckx's successor. In 1883 the age and infirmities of the General made the election of a vicar peremptory, and Father Anderledy was chosen. Father Beckx died at the age of ninety-two, and one who saw him in the closing years of his life thus writes of him: "This holy old man who has attained the age of nearly ninety years, so modest, so humble, so prudent, always the same; always amiable, with the glory of thirty years' government and of interior martyrdom inflicted upon him by the mishaps of the Society, was a spectacle to fill one with admiration. His angelic mien delighted me. With how great charity he received me in his room! With what deference! His poor cassock was patched. He is as punctual at the exercises as the most vigorous. In spite of his old age he observes all the laws of fasting and abstinence. At a quarter past five he commences his Mass and spends considerable time kneeling before the Blessed Sacrament. God grant us many imitators of his virtues."

Father Anderledy was a Swiss. He was born in the canton of Valais in 1819, and entered the Society at Brieg in 1838. He was sent to Rome for his theological studies and it is reported that he was such a pertinacious disputant that old Father Perrone said to him one day: "Young man, cease or I shall get angry." In the disturbances of 1847, he was on his way to Switzerland when he was halted by a squad of furious soldiers who asked him "Are you a Jesuit?" "What do you mean by a Jesuit?" he asked. When the conventional answer was given, he angrily demanded "Do you take me for a scoundrel?" and they let him pass. In 1848 he was sent to America and was ordained at St. Louis by Archbishop Kenrick and then put in charge of a German parish at Green Bay, Wisconsin, a place teeming with memories of the old Jesuit missionaries: Marquette, Allouez and others. On his return to Europe, he went through Germany preaching missions and winning a reputation as a great orator, although working in conjunction with the famous Father Roh. He was made rector of the College of Cologne and, subsequently, professor at the scholasticate of Maria-Laach. In 1870 he was called to Rome to be made German assistant, and in 1883 he was elected vicar to Father Beckx with the right of succession. He was particularly zealous as General in promoting the study of theology and philosophy, and in training men in the physical sciences. During his administration, the Society increased from 11,840 members to 13,275, but he was very much adverse to the establishment of new provinces. The creation of Canada as an independent mission was all he would grant in that direction. He died at Fiesole on 18 January, 1892.

Luis Martín García, or, as he is commonly called, Father Martín, who succeeded Father Anderledy, was the fifth Spanish General of the Society. He was born on 19 August, 1846, at Melgar de Fermamental, a small town about twenty-five miles north-west of Burgos, and was already a seminarian in his second year of theology when he began to think of becoming a religious. To be a Jesuit, however, was at first as abhorrent to him as becoming a Saracen. But his ideas on that point began to clarify when he heard his very distinguished professor Don Manuel González Peña, who had been a theologian in the Vatican Council, discourse enthusiastically and on every occasion, about the glories of Suárez, Toletus, Petavius, Bellarmine and the other great lights of the Society. The impression was heightened by some letters from the Philippine Jesuits which had fallen into his hands, and Crétineau-Joly's history also contributed to his change of views. A conversation with the Jesuit superior of the residence at Burgos, and the departure of a brilliant fellow-student for the novitiate, completed the disillusionment and he was admitted at Loyola on 13 October, 1864.

In 1870, when the Society was expelled from Spain, he went with the other scholastics to Vals in France, and later to Poyanne. In the latter place he remained as minister and professor of dogmatic theology until 1880, and when the religious were expelled from France he returned to Spain and was made superior of the scholasticate which had been opened in Salamanca. He was charged also with the duty of teaching theology and Hebrew. In 1886 he opened the house of studies at Bilbao, and in the same year he was made provincial of Castile. Previous to that he had been the editor of "The Messenger of the Sacred Heart" for a year. In 1891 he was summoned to Rome by Father Anderledy, to analyze and summarize the reports sent in by all the provinces on the proposed _quinquennium_ of theology and a new arrangement of studies. On the death of Father Anderledy he was made Vicar General. He was then only forty-five years of age. His appointment coincided with the outbreak of an epidemic of influenza of which he was very near being a victim. Singularly enough, it was this same disease that carried him off thirteen years later, supervening as it did on the terrible sarcoma from which he had long been suffering.

As Vicar he convoked the general congregation, assigning September 23 as the date and choosing Loyola in Spain as the place of meeting. It was the first time in the history of the Society that the convention took place outside of Rome, with the exception of the meetings in Russia during the Suppression. The reason for the decision was that the Pope let it be known that it would not be possible to remain in session in Rome for any considerable period, though he suggested that they might elect the General in Rome and then continue the congregation elsewhere. After long deliberation by the assistants, it was determined not to separate the election from the other proceedings. As for the place of meeting, Loyola was chosen, though Tronchiennes in Belgium had been offered. The choice of Spain was determined by the vote of the assistant who had no Spanish affiliations. Father Martín was elected general on 2 October, and the sessions continued until 5 December.

In this congregation, Father Martín called the attention of the delegates to the fact that no Jesuit had ever addressed himself to the task of writing the complete history of the Order; an abstention, it might be urged, which ought to acquit them of the accusation of unduly praising the Society. Father Aquaviva had indeed commissioned Orlandini to begin the work, but the distinguished writer not only got no further then the Generalate of St. Ignatius but did not even publish his book. Sacchini his continuator had to see to the publication; his own contributions appeared in 1615 and 1621. Jouvancy was then called to Rome to finish the second half of the fifth section which had by that time appeared, but he did not advance beyond the year 1616. He had bad luck with it even in that small space, for certain opinions appeared in it about the rights of sovereigns which were not acceptable to the Bourbon kings, and the book was forbidden in France by decrees of Parliament, dated 25 February and 25 March, 1715. Finally, Cordara, an Italian, assumed the task and wrote two volumes, which though exquisitely done embraced not more than seventeen years of Father Vitelleschi's generalate (1616-33), and only one volume was published then. More than one hundred years elapsed before the second appeared. It was edited by Raggazzini in 1859.

It was high time, Father Martín declared, that something should be done to remedy this condition of affairs and that a history of the Society should be written on a scale commensurate with the greatness of the subject, and in keeping with the methods which modern requirements look for in historical writing. As the undertaking in the way it was conceived would have been too much for any one man, a literary syndicate was established in which Father Hughes was assigned to write the history of the Society's work in English-speaking America, Father Astrain that of the Spanish assistancy, Father Venturi the Italian, Father Fouqueray the French, Father Dühr and Father Kroess the German. This work is now in progress. Those who are engaged on it are men of unimpeachable integrity. Meantime an immense number of hitherto unpublished documents are being put in the hands of the writers. As many as fifty bulky volumes known as the "Monumenta historica Societatis Jesu," consisting of the chronicles of the houses and provinces, the intimate correspondence of many of the great men of the Society, such as Ignatius, Laínez, Borgia etc., have been printed, and sent broadcast through all the provinces. Nor is this mass of material jealously guarded by the Jesuits themselves. It is available to any sincere investigator.

As the Congregation had expressed the desire that the residence of the General and his assistants at Fiesole be closed, and that if the political troubles would permit it he should return to Rome, Father Martín, after consulting with the Pope, who granted the permission with some hesitation, established himself at the Collegium Germanicum on 20 January, 1895. The public excitement that was apprehended did not occur. The papers merely chronicled the fact but made no ado about it whatever. Father Martín had much to console him, during his administration, as, for instance, the beatification of several members of the Society, but he had also many sorrows such as the closing of all the houses in France by the Waldeck-Rousseau government and the deplorable defections of some Jesuits in connection with the Modernist movement.

In 1905 the first symptoms of the disease that was to carry him off in a short time declared themselves. In that year, four cancerous swellings developed in his right arm. He had submitted to the painful cutting of two of them without the aid of anesthetics. The operation lasted two hours and a half, and he maintained his consciousness throughout. A little later, the other swellings showed signs of gangrene and the amputation of the arm was decided upon, but in this instance he submitted to chloroform. He rallied after the operation and in spite of his crippled condition was permitted by the Pope to say Mass. His strength had left him, however, and on 15 February, 1906 he was attacked by influenza and he died on 18 April at the age of sixty. At his death the Society numbered 15,515 members.

Father Martín's successor was Francis Xavier Wernz who was born in Würtemberg in 1842. When the Society was expelled from Germany in 1872, he went to Ditton Hall in England to complete his studies, after having spent the greater part of a year in the army ambulance-corps, during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. He taught canon law for several years at Ditton Hall, and in 1882 was a professor at St. Beuno's in Wales. From there he was transferred to the Gregorian University in Rome, where he lectured from 1883 to 1906. In September of the latter year, he was elected General, in which post he lived only eight years. Previous to his election, he had issued four volumes of his great work on canon law. Two others were published later, one of them after his death. The end of his labors came on 19 August, 1914. He was then in his seventy-second year and had passed fifty-seven years in the Society. It was during this generalate that the provinces of Canada, New Orleans, Mexico, California and Hungary were erected.

Father Wladimir Ledóchowski was elected to the vacant post on 11 February, 1915. He was then only forty-nine years of age. He entered the Society in 1889, and in 1902, shortly after his ordination, was made provincial of Galicia, while in 1906 he was elected as assistant to Father Wernz. He is the nephew of the famous Cardinal Ledóchowski, whom Bismarck imprisoned for his courageous championship of the rights of Poland.

The new Society like the old has not failed to produce saints and at the present moment the lives of a very considerable number of those who have lived and labored in the century that has elapsed since the restoration are being considered by the Church as possible candidates for canonization.

The number of Jesuits who were under the colors as soldiers, chaplains or stretcher bearers or volunteers in the World War of 1914-1918 ran up to 2014,--a very great drain on the Society as a whole, which in 1918 had only 17,205 names on its rolls, among whom were very many incapacitated either by age or youth or ailment for any active work. Of the 2014 Belgium furnished 165, Austria 82, France 855, Germany 376, Italy 369, England 83, Ireland 30, Canada 4 and the United States 50. Of the 83 English Jesuits serving as chaplains, 5 died while in the service, 2 won the Distinguished Service Order, 13 the Military Cross, 3 the Order of the British Empire, 21 were mentioned in despatches, 2 were mentioned for valuable services and 4 received foreign decorations,--a total of 45 distinctions.

France calls for special notice in this matter. From the four French provinces of the Society 855 Jesuits were mobilized. Of these 107 were officers, 3 commandants, 1 lieutenant-commander, 13 captains, 4 naval lieutenants, 22 lieutenants, 50 second-lieutenants, 1 naval ensign, and 5 officers in the health services. The loss in dead was 165 Jesuits, of whom 28 were chaplains, 30 officers, 36 sub-officers, 17 corporals and 54 privates. The number of distinctions won is almost incredible. The decoration of the Légion d'honneur was conferred on 68, the Médaille militaire on 48, the Médaille des épidémies on 4, the Croix de guerre on 320, the Moroccan or Tunisian medal on 3, while 595 were mentioned in despatches, and 18 foreign decorations were received: in all 1,056 distinctions were won by the 855 Jesuits in the French army and navy (The Jesuit Directory, 1921). "What party or group or club or lodge," says a sometime unfriendly paper, the "Italia," "can claim a similar distinction?" Another of their distinctions is that Foch, de Castelnau, Fayolle, Guynemer and many more French heroes were trained in Jesuit schools. Finally, the French Jesuits performed this marvellous service to their country in spite of the fact that the government of that country had closed and confiscated every one of their churches and colleges from one end of France to the other, and by so doing had exiled these loyal subjects from their native land. To add to the outrage, they were summoned back when the war began, and not one of them failed to respond immediately, returning from distant missions among savages at the ends of the earth or from civilized countries that were more hospitable to them than their own for the defense of which they willingly offered their lives. Now, when the war is over, they have no home to go to.

In 1912, two years before the War, the Society had on its rolls 16,545 members. At the beginning of 1920 it had 17,250 members: 8,454 priests, 4,819 scholastics, 3,977 lay-brothers. The Society is divided into what are called assistancies. The Italian assistancy, which is composed of the provinces of Rome, Naples, Sicily, Turin and Venice, numbers in all 1,415 members. The frequent dispersions and confiscations to which this section has been subjected account for the small number. Thus, the Roman province has only 354, and Sicily has but 223. In the assistancy there are 748 priests, but the prospects of the increase of this category is the reverse of encouraging, for there are only 308 scholastics. The lay-brothers number 359. What has acted as a deterrent in Italy has, paradoxically, acted in a contrary sense in the German assistancy. Several of these provinces have been dispersed, but they aggregate as many as 4,329 members. Belgium is a strong factor in this large number, for it totals 1,279, of whom 672 are priests; the Germans, who have no establishment in their own country, but are scattered over the earth, have a membership of 1,210, of whom 664 are in Holy Orders. Austria has 356 on her register, Poland 464, Czecho-Slovakia 114, Jugoslavia 113, Hungary 212, while Holland has as many as 581.

The Waldeck-Rousseau Associations Law of 1901 not only confiscated every Jesuit establishment in France but denied the Society the right even to possess property. Nevertheless, unlike Italy the provinces of Champagne, France, Lyons and Toulouse show 2,758 names in their catalogues for 1920. They have 1,647 priests with 583 scholastics to draw on. The Spaniards are grouped in the provinces of Aragon, Castile, Mexico, and Toledo, to which has been added the Province of Portugal. This combination has 1,760 to its credit. Possibly the figures would have been larger had not the Revolution of 1901 brought about the exile of the Jesuits. The English assistancy which until recently included the United States, has now 1,622 members of whom 793 are priests and 544 scholastics: England 750, Canada 472 and Ireland 400. The assistancy of America has 2,892 members of whom 1,230 are priests with a future supply to draw on of 1,214 scholastics. The contingent of scholastics exceeds that of any other assistancy by more than a hundred. The province of California has 485 members, Maryland-New York, 1,080; Missouri, 1,022 and New Orleans, 305.

Besides its regularly established houses the Society has missions scattered throughout the world. Thus, in Europe its missionaries are to be found in Albania; in Asia, they are working in Armenia, Syria, Ceylon, Assam, Bengal, Bombay, Poona, Goa, Madura, Mangalore, Japan, Canton, Nankin, and South East Tche-ly. In Africa, they are in Egypt, Cape Colony, Zambesi, Rhodesia, Belgian Congo, and Madagascar, Mauritius and Réunion; in America, they are working in Jamaica and among the Indians of Alaska, Canada, South Dakota, the Rocky Mountains, the Pimería, and Guiana; finally in Oceania, they are toiling in Celebes, Flores, Java, and the Philippines. To these missions 1,707 Jesuits are devoting their lives in direct contact with the aborigines.

INDEX

A

Africa, 85 et seq.

Alcalá, 52

Alegambe, 867

Alegre, 370

Alexandria, 109, 811

Alfonso Rodriguez, St., 383

Algonquins, 338

Allen, Cardinal, 134sq.

Allouez, 338

Aloysius, St., 181

Alphonsus Liguori, St., 380, 604

Alva, Duke of, 428

Amaguchi, 167

Amherst, 594

Amiot, 632

Anchieta, 89

Anderledy, 763, 899

Andrada, 237, 372

Angiolini, 678

Angola, 85

Antilles, 306

Appellants, 153

Aquaviva, Claudius, 132sq.

Aquaviva, Rudolph, 75, 384

Aranda, 421, 507

Araoz, 36, 104, 203

Archetti, 648

Archipresbyterate, 153

Arévalo, 836

Armenians, 805

Arnauld, 11, 216, 277

Asia, 229 et seq.

Assembly of the Clergy, 412, 486

Aubeterre, 497, 530

Auger, 41, 57

Augustinus, 281

Avogado, 678

Avril, 266

Azevedo, 90, 384

B

Backer, de, 868

Baertz, 77

Bagnorea, 30

Bagotists, 244

Baius, 112

Balde, 358, 362

Ballerini, 878

Barat, Mme., 672

Baronius, 112

Basilians, 902

Bathe, Christopher, 307

Bathori, 123

Beaumont, de, 488, 588

Beguines, 2

Beirut, 807

Bellarmine, 68, 110, 215

Belloc, 285

Bengy, de, 761

Benislawski, 65

Bernis, Cardinal, 532sq.

Berryer, 737

Beschi, 233

Betagh, 912

Beard, 334

Biblical Institute, 764

Billiart, 673

Billot, Cardinal, 914

Blackwell, 153

Bobadilla, 21sqq.

Bobola, 384

Bollandists, 370, 869

Bonzes, 80, 256

Borgias, 102

Boscovich, 367, 622

Bossuet, 353

Bouhours, 367

Bourdaloue, 264, 283

Boxer uprising, 791

Brazil, 87 et seq.

Brébeuf, 291, 385

Bressani, 336

Britto, John de, 233

Broglie, Charles de, 665

Brouet, 25sqq.

Brugelette, 757

Brzozowski, 685

Bungo, 176

Busembaum, 380

Buteux, 338

Bye Plot, 157

C

Cabral, 87, 174-5

Calcutta, 764, 794-5, 801, 829, 843

California, 828, 833, 926, 929. See Lower California

Calvinists, 87, 334, 801

Cambrensis, 137

Campion, 134, 136-40, 143-6, 384, 857

Canada, 262, 291, 334-9, 425-6, 594, 711, 764, 781, 824, 874, 921

Canisius, Peter, 2, 23, 45, 51, 65, 67, 70, 102, 272, 345, 384, 598, 915

Canonization, 381-2

Canton, 248, 250, 252, 260-1, 930

Capuchins, 292, 312, 500, 911

Caraffa, 208, 225, 391, 549, 574

Carbonari, 894, 897

Carbonelle, 857

Cardinals, 914

Caribs, 309

Carinthia, 346, 376

Carlos, Don, 742

Carmelites, 801, 869

Carranza, 53

Carroll, Charles, 711

Carroll, John, 595, 616, 659, 674, 700, 706, 711, 732, 882, 906

Cartagena, 305, 314

Cartography, 253, 376, 631, 852, 861

Casaubon, 118-9, 221

Cases of Conscience, 290

Caste, 230, 250, 264, 797, 802

Casuistry, 285

Catechism, 38 (of Canisius, 49); (of Trent), 54, 108

"Catechisme des jésuites," 273

Catherine II, Empress of Russia, 587, 605, 635, 641-60, 662, 677, 719

Catholic Encyclopedia, 866

Catholicæ Fidei, 38, 661, 694, 716

Cathrein, 288, 880

Caughnawaga, 338, 775

Cavalcanti, 853

Cayenne, 312, 841

Celibacy, 120

Centuriators of Magdeburg, 49

Ceylon, 802, 903, 929

Chabanel, 336, 385, 915

Challoner, 599, 602, 906

Charles V., Emperor, 9, 23, 38, 44, 51, 102, 344

Charles Borromeo, St., 15, 102, 138, 218

Charlevoix, 171, 370

Cheminais, 481

Chile, 298, 373, 425, 529, 627, 762, 774

China, 81, 124, 173, 245-67, 372, 375, 424, 470, 627, 679, 770, 776, 788-93, 824, 828, 834, 843, 861

Choiseul, Duc de, 314, 419, 429, 496, 500-3, 509, 512, 524, 535

Christina of Sweden, 128

"Civiltà Catolica," 874, 899

Clavigero, 369, 619

Clavius, 246, 355, 371

Clement VIII, 56, 111, 113, 118, 153-5, 157, 209, 213, 217, 240, 385, 436, 556

Clement XIII, 15, 422, 435 et seq.

Clement XIV, 4, 436 et seq.

Clerc, 760, 916

Clergy, native, 262

Clermont, College of, 57, 115, 216, 273, 345

Clorivière, 671, 676, 691, 700, 720, 739, 751, 880, 916

Coblentz, 67

Cochin-China, 241-2

Cochin, 82, 771

Cochlæus, 42

Cocomaricopas, 319

Cocospera, 323

Codier, 354

Codure, 25, 29, 36, 39

Coeffler, 256

Coelho, 801

Coelho, 182

Coeurdoux, 233

Cogordan, 60, 100

Coimbra, 43, 443, 464, 542, 682, 743

Coleridge, 883

Collegio Pio-Latino, 853, 899

Collegium Germanicum, 50, 56, 66, 70, 345, 852, 891, 925

Collegium Maximum, 897

Collins, 149

Cologne, 42, 288, 345, 433, 837

Colombia, 304, 761

Colombiére, de, 385, 395, 402

Colonna, 208

Columbini, 639

Commendone, 113

Commerce, 445, 450, 457, 459

"Common Rules," 133, 728

Compania de Jesus, 7

Concanen, 706-7

Concordat, 687

Condé, 60, 63, 353, 356, 366, 391, 666

Confession, Seal of, 908

Confessor, Royal, 201

Congo, Belgian, 85, 822-4, 930

Congregations, General, 33, 37, 197, 210, 652, 657, 722-4, 727, 923

Congruism, 116

Coninck, 379

Connolly, 707

Consalvi, 572, 690, 703, 724, 864

Conscience, Account of, 33

Constantinople, 239, 267, 627, 632, 806, 809

Constitution, 31-5, 101, 133, 199, 207, 213, 381, 386, 484, 695, 728

Conti, 416

"Continental System," 686

Coppée, 360

Copts, 86, 805, 816

Cordara, 369, 572, 619, 924

Corea, 242, 249, 772

Corneille, 353

Cornelius a Lapide, 381

Correa, 127

Corrientes, 300

Cornely, 881-2

Cornoldi, 880

Corsica, 525, 615

Cortie, 841-2

Coton, 201, 290-1

Cottam, 141, 144, 146

Coulon, 702

Courtois, 357

Cracow, 763

Cranganore, 75

Crashaw, 360

Cremona, 181

Crétineau-Joly, 746

Crichton, 150, 152, 233

Crimea, 806

Criminali, 77, 81

Crimont, 781

Crisin, 915

Cristaldi, 698

Critonius, 149

Croix, Camille de la, 838-9

Croix, Etienne de la, 491-5

Crollanza, 617

Cruz, da, 452

Cruz, Gaspar de la, 245

Cubosama, 173, 175, 182

Cuevas, 880

Cullen, 909

Cuzco, 55, 214

Czecho-Slovakia, 924

Czerniewicz, 645-9 et seq

D

Dablon, 338

Dalmatia, 389, 758, 807

Daniel, 263, 282, 335-6, 339, 385, 598, 915

"De Auxiliis," 214

Decretals, Law of, 906

"De defectibus Societatis," 275

"De defensione fidei," 116

"De fide catholica," 889

Delehaye, 871

Demerara, 714, 907, 841

Denonville, de, 338

Denza, 835

Descartes, 129, 353

Dillingen, 43, 48, 67, 117, 346

"Directorium," 200

Discipline, 251-3

Dispensation, 33

Dissolution, 199

Dobrizhoffer, 840

Domenech, 56

Dominicans, 52, 76, 187, 189, 214, 245, 256, 265, 306, 312, 334, 464, 703, 706, 816

Dominis, de, 220, 289

Dominus ac Redemptor, 549-50, 552-76, 588-94, 638, 649, 690

Douai, 135, 138, 500

Dracontius, 836

Drama, 865-9

Dresden, 686

Drexellius, 396

Drury, 150, 164

Dublin, 149-50

Dublin, University of, 137

Duelling, 286

Dupin, 443, 748-50, 752

Duplessis-Mornay, 220

Duprez, 629

Duran, 373

Duvernay, 501

Dynamism, 623

E

Eck, 43

Ecuador, 425, 529, 761, 828

Education, 56, 64, 68, 343-57, 567, 639, 644, 647, 653, 658, 695, 704, 736, 745, 748, 778, 835-38, 853, 901

Egypt, 806, 816, 834, 862, 930

Elizabeth, Queen, 135, 141, 144, 152, 155, 182, 228, 274

"End justifies the Means," 287-9

England, 278, 424, 426, 612, 675, 681, 683, 685, 691, 703, 718, 743, 760, 764, 794, 828, 857, 876, 892, 927

England, John, 707-8

English College, 148, 152, 578

Equivocation, 286

"Etudes," 874

Examen, Particular, 14

Excommunication, 222-6

Exercises, 14

Expulsion, 212, 451, 462-70, 499-503, 513-29, 548, 553, 562, 566, 627, 720, 734, 743, 756-62, 828, 898, 920

F

Faber, Peter, Bl., 522sqq.

Faith, Fathers of the, 669sqq.

Falloux Law, 757

Farinelli, 505

Farmer, 906

Febronius, 433

Feller, 619

Fenwick, Benedict, 704

Finding of the Christians, 196

Flagellants, 92

Flesselles, de, 491

Fourquevaux, Baron de, 41

Francis Borgia, St., 53, 102, 117sqq.

Francis Xavier, St., 5, 29, 166sqq.

Francis Regis, St., 775

Franzelin, 877, 889

French Revolution, 626

G

Gago, 166

Gallitzin, 713

Gallicanism, 416, 494, 609

Garnet, 147

Garnier, Charles, 336

Garreau, 338

Gaudan, 40

Georgetown, 704sqq.

Gerard, 160

Gioberti, 755

Goa, 74

Goes, 250

Goldwell, 138

González, Tirso, 415

Goupil, 336

Grässel, 616, 713

Grassi, 679, 704

Gregory de Valencia, 374

Gresset, 353

Grivel, 666

Grou, 354, 619

Gruber, 658sqq.

Guidiccioni, 31

Gunpowder Plot, 143sqq.

H

Hagenbrünn, 667

Hay, 150

Hedley, 821

Hell, 618

Hélot, 772

Henry IV, 60, 113

Hindostan, 242

Hirando, 168

Hoensbroech, 288

Hontheim, 433

Hôtel Dieu, 594

Howard, Cardinal, 408

Hozes, 25

Hungarian College, 69

Hurons, 335

Hurter, 866

I

Ibáñez, 203

Iberville, 307

Ignatius Loyola, St., 5-13, 21-4, 36, 71, 75, 93, 96-9

Inquisition, 21, 127, 200, 225sqq.

Iroquois, 320

Isla, 366

Ivory Coast, 824

J

Jafanapatam, 233

Japan, 73, 78, 166-196

James II, 403

Jansenists, 221, 417, 573

Jesuati, 1

Jogues, 336sqq.

John Berchmans, St., 382

John Casimir, 403

John Francis Regis, St., 383

Joseph II, 421, 547, 604

K

Kabyles, 814

Kandy, 805

Kareu, 652

Kaunitz, 421

Kenny, 715, 892

King, Thomas, 772

Kino, 316, 372

Kleutgen, 879

Knight, 595

Kohlmann, 659, 706, 878

Krudner, Mme., 717

L

Laennec, 738

Lafargeville, 263

Lafitaux, 840

La Flèche, 118, 218

Lafrenière, 502

Lahore, 229

Laimbeckhoven, 603

Laínez, 5

Lalande, 336

Lalemant, Charles, 291

Lallemant, Louis, 396

Lancicius, 381, 385, 396

La Petite Eglise, 675

Larkin, 913

Lascaris, 831

Laval, Scholasticate, 757

Laval, Montmorency de, 244-5, 337

Lavigerie, 815

Lazarists, 627, 633-4

Le Camus, 280

Le Jay, 25, 29-30

Ledóchowski, Wladimir, 926

Lehmkuhl, 288, 886

Leibnitz, 361, 377

Le Moyne, 337

Leo XII (della Genga), 676, 722, 848, 909

Lessius, 114, 147

Lewger, 339, 706

Liberatore, 874

Ligny, de, 619

Litta, 693-4

Loisy, 886

Longhaye, 857

Loretto, 329

Loriquet, 702, 878

Louisiana, 425-6, 500-2

Louis-le-Grand, 353-5

Louvain, 57

Lower California, 315-8

Ludolph of Saxony, 1,12

Lugo, de, 21, 116-7

M

Macao, 189

Macartney, Lord, 681

McCarthy, 739

McCloskey, 909

Macedo, Antonio, 128-9

Macedonio, 549-50, 574-5, 577

Machado, 187, 372

McSherry, 913

Madagascar, 816-20

Madras, 769

Madura, 230, 233-5

Magdeburg, Centuriators of, 49

Mai, 371

Mailla, de, 834, 861

Maimbourg, 367, 411

Maistre, de, 642

Malagrida, 453

Maldonado, 115, 381

Malesherbes, 353

Malta, 528

Manera, 901

Mangalore, 75

Manila Observatory, 851-2

Manresa, 13, 703

Maranhão, 425

Marefoschi, 539

Margry, 291

Mariana, 205, 274-5

Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, 419, 432, 616, 638, 869

Marie Antoinette, 434

Marie de L'Incarnation, 307

Marie Leczinska, 618

Maronites, 239

Marot, 30

Marquette, 338, 372, 921

Martin, Felix, 873

Martin, Luis, 37, 369

Martinique, 306, 311

Maryland, 262, 339-41, 595, 832, 908, 929

Massé, 291, 334-5

Massillon, 364

Mastrilli, 193

Mattei, 694, 724

Maury, 366, 849

Mazzella, 879, 901, 914

Mazzini, 755

Melanchthon, 42-3, 45, 846

Ménard, 338

Mendoza, Bp. of Cuzco, 214

Mercurian, 34, 36

Meschler, 883

Meurin, 800

Mexico, 54, 221-7, 929

Michelet, 745, 754

Miège, 913

Milan, 138, 181

Milner, 704

Mindanao, 777

Mingrelia, 239, 806

Mirón, 92-3

Missal, Chinese, 261, 264

Missions Etrangères, 241

Mohawks, 307

Mohilew, 646-7, 649, 657, 718

Moigno, François, 839

Molinism, 102, 116, 379, 575

Molyneux, 425

Monita secreta, 270, 275-7

Montalembert, 745-6, 749

Montecorvo, 439

Montlosier, 737, 739

Montluc, 41

Montmartre, 24

Montreal, 428

Monts, de, 334

Montserrat, 12

"Monumenta historica Societatis Jesu," 924

Morcelli, 837

Moscow, 267, 643, 686

Mürr, 472, 503

Muzloum, 808

Muzzarelli, 624

Mysore, 233

N

Nagasaki, 174, 184-7, 189, 193-6, 383

Naples, 111, 199, 210, 392, 427, 439, 506, 537, 542, 587, 611, 756

Navarrete, 257, 259, 262, 332

Neale, Leonard, 616, 706, 713, 907

Negroes, 305, 311, 503, 712, 812-24

New Orleans, 500, 594, 833, 926, 929

New York, 263, 338, 706, 764, 828, 832, 907, 911, 929

New York Literary Institute, 706, 908

Nicaragua, 777

Nieremberg y Otin, 11, 395, 381

Nigeria, 824

Nobili, de, 230-3, 292-3, 396, 424, 768

Nobrega, 87-90

Nochistongo tunnel, 315

"Nomenclator," 877

Norridgewock, 709

Nossi-Bé, 817

Notobirga, 275

Novices, 564

O

Oates, Titus, 402, 406-10, 407-9

Obedience, 92, 95, 911

Observatories, 840-5, 848, 851

Oceania, 930

Ochino, 30

Odescalchi, 893, 895sqq.

Office, Divine, 54, 101, 568

Office, Term of, 213

Ogilvie, 151

Ojetti, 883

Oldcorne, 161-4

Oliva, 260, 290, 391, 394, 399-402, 405, 408, 410

O'Reilly, Edmund, 878

Orientalists, 829, 862

Ormanetto, 199, 203.

Orsini, Cardinal, 396, 530, 535sqq.

Oviedo, 36, 56, 59, 85, 104, 161-2, 194

Oxford, 136, 764

P

Pacca, 433-4, 442, 542, 606, 611, 618, 687-94, 698, 703, 724

Palafox, 221-7, 544, 546

Pallavicini, 380, 396, 635, 892

Pampeluna, 9, 10, 11, 304

Pancaldi, 722

Papebroch, 869

Paphlagonia, 239

Paraguay, 299-304, 347, 373, 418, 425, 444-8, 454, 509, 627, 762, 774, 776

Pariahs, 235, 802

Paris, 22, 36, 118, 243, 281, 671, 699, 747-8, 757, 761

Paris, Parliament of, 3, 15, 56, 63, 216, 280, 401, 485, 493, 497, 631, 748

Paris, University of, 56, 70, 748, 927

Parma, 210, 439, 528, 637, 669, 677, 699

Pascal, 278, 281-7, 295

"Pascendi Munus," 588

Passaglia, 887, 898

Passionei, 422, 456

Patrizi, 878, 881

Paul III, Pope, 15, 28, 31, 34, 38, 556, 728, 918

Paul IV, Pope, 35, 46, 71, 101, 173, 198, 553, 556

Paul V, Pope, 56, 116, 157, 264, 390, 556, 559

"Paulistas," 392

Pazmany, 68, 396

Pearl Fisheries, 74

Pekin, 249, 252, 254, 256, 258-61, 265, 629, 633, 790

Perinde ac cadaver, 35

Periodicals, 874-6

Persia, 239, 244, 267, 410, 424, 806

Persons, 136, 138-40, 151-55, 164, 177, 499

Peru, 54, 272, 295-98, 425, 529

Peruvian bark, 299

Pesch, 288, 880

Pétau (Petavius), 118, 395

Peter Claver, St., 305, 383, 396, 901, 915

Petre, 402

Petrucci, 721-4

Philip II, King of Spain, 54, 100, 113, 116, 131, 151, 177, 181, 202, 204, 207, 209-13, 274, 296, 333, 344, 420, 557

Philippines, 183, 189, 191, 245, 255, 333, 376, 426, 476, 785, 835, 930

Philosophy, 355-7, 378-80

Piedmont, 756

Pignatelli, Joseph, 511, 523, 525, 658, 677, 726, 863, 911, 916

Pimas, 318-21, 323

Pious Fund, 328

Pius V., St., Pope, 48, 49, 54, 100, 109, 113, 198, 439, 557

Pius VI, 521, 572, 586, 608-10, 614, 620, 624, 640, 649-51, 653-58, 667, 677, 684, 691, 712, 891

Pius VII, Pope, 5, 353, 572, 605, 624, 661, 675, 678, 683, 687-94, 697-9, 722-7, 733, 840, 864, 885, 891, 904

Pius VIII, 741, 893, 905

Pius IX, Pope, 16, 196, 732, 756, 849, 853, 854, 857, 874, 888-90, 898, 903-6, 905, 915

Plowden, 597, 674, 714, 732, 913

Poetry, 258-63, 856, 860

Poissy Colloquy, 60-63, 102

Poland, 124, 275, 357, 376, 404, 424, 546, 548, 587, 605, 634, 637, 643, 718, 722, 926, 929

Polotsk, 347, 644, 646, 650, 652, 657, 659-60, 664

Pombal, Marquis de, 419, 421, 430, 437, 442-79, 503, 509, 605, 612-15, 683, 703, 743

Pondicherry, 260, 292, 420, 631

"Popish Plot," 407

Portugal, 36, 42, 92, 126, 177, 242, 269, 344, 416, 421, 426, 430, 438, 442-79, 498, 502, 537, 550, 553, 587, 605, 612, 627, 682, 703, 742, 759, 764, 793, 815, 826, 876, 929

Possevin, 121-25, 129, 201, 208, 218

Poverty, 33, 249-51, 394, 397, 556, 728

Prague, 47, 67, 123, 138, 345, 388

Printing, 49, 55, 659, 829

Probabiliorism, 415

Probabilism, 380, 415, 575

Propaganda, 693, 897, 903

Property, 33, 222-23, 602, 616

Property, Confiscation of, 478, 485, 500, 513, 523, 528, 540, 548, 577, 720, 759

Prose, 366-67

Proselytism, 720

"Provinciales," of Pascal, 281-87, 689, 745

Prussia, 426, 635, 636-41, 686, 718, 758

Q

Quebec, 263, 291, 307, 334

Quesnel, 417, 575

Quinet, 282

R

Ragueneau, 337

Raleigh, 156sq.

Ramière, 883

Rasle, 709

"Ratio studiorum", 70, 200

Ravignan, de, 4, 435

Raymbault, 336

Raynal, 419

"Razón y Fe," 874sq.

Realini, Bernardino, 396

Recollect Friars, 334sq.

Redemptorists, 604

Reductions, Philippine, 777

Reductions of Paraguay, 301-04, 444-48

Reeve, 595, 619

Régale, 410-12

Reggio, 699

Regimini Militantis Ecclesiae, 31

Renaudot, 291

Relations, 871-4

Retz, 4l8sq

Rezzonico, 532

Rho, 259

Rhodes, Alexander de, 240-45

Ribadeneira, 36, 204

Riccadonna, 807sq

Ricci, Lorenzo, 419-22, 436, 440sq., 511, 521, 848

Ricci, Scipio, 609

Richelieu, 274, 388sq., 290

Riot of the Sombreros, 510sq., 546

Ripalda, 206, 876

Robaut, 781

Rodrigues, 176, 184

Rodriguez, Alphonsus, 381, 396

Rodriguez, Simon, 23, 24, 72

Roh, 921

Roman College, 69

Romberg, Assistant, 585

Roothaan, John, 398, 667, 706

Rosas, 762

Rosmini, 808

Rossi, Giovanni Battista de, 836

Rossi, Guizot's envoy, 750

Rosweyde, 370

Roth, 840

Rozaven, 625, 719 et seq., 898

Rubillon, Ambrose, 773

Russia, 841

Russian Church, 642

Ruthenia, 902

Ryllo, Maximilian, 811sq.

S

Sabbetti, 886

Sacchini, 369, 923

Sacred Heart, Fathers of the, 666-668

Sacred Heart, Ladies of the, 672 sq.

St. Acheul, 740

St. Bartholomew Massacre, 272

St. Beuno's, 764

St. Clement's Island, 339

Sainte-Beuve, 283 sq., 745

Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Chapel, 58

St. Julian, Castle, 469-472

Saint-Jure, 381

Saint Kitts, 306-310

St. Michel, Brussels, 870

St. Omers, 407

St. Sulpice, Society of, 244

St. Vincent, Admiral, 704

Saints, 914-5

Salamanca, 21

Saldanha, 421-2

Salmerón, Alphonsus, 21, 45

Salsette, 170, 229

Salvatierra, 222, 321

Sancian, Island of, 84

Sanguinetti, 883

San Sebastian, prison, 743

Sant' Andrea, 762

Sarbiewski, 359

Sardinia, 504, 758

Sarpi, 112, 220sq.

Sault Ste. Marie, 338

Sautel, 360

Saxony, 718

Scaramelli, 381

Schall, Adam, 254-261, 372

Scheiner, 848

Scholastics, 485

Schreiner, Christopher, 371

Science, 248-250, 631, 371, 834sq.

Scientia media, 215

Scotch Doctor, 38

Scotland, 40, 150

Secchi, 371, 835

Secret Members, of Jesuit Order, 35

Secularization, 600sq.

Sedeño, 333

Sedlmayer, 372

Segneri, 364

Segura, 54

Seminaries, 44, 65-67

Sequiera, 185

Sestini, 843sq.

Seven Years War, 425, 482sq.

Sewall, 732, 683

Shea, Gilmary, 873

Sherwin, 144

Shintoism, 166

Shogun, 175

Siam, 234

Sicily, 504

Sidgreaves, Walter, 841

Sierra Leone, 824

Siestrzencewicz, 643

Sigismond, King of Poland, 35, 122, 208

Silesia, 637

Silveira, 85

Simpson, 751

Sin (Mandarin), 250

Sin, Paul, see Zi, 771

"Sined," 860

Sioux, 779

Sirmond, 354

Si-Senoussi, Sheik and Jesuit Constitutions, 35

Sixtus V, Pope, p. 7, 111, 202, 180, 206-209, 556-558

Skarga, 367

Slingsby, Francis, 149sq.

Smet, Peter de, 779-81

Smolensk, 686

Smyrna, 239

Sobieski, John, 394, 397, 404

Sodalities, 68, 297, 738

Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, 694-6

Sommervogel, 868

Sorbonne, 216-7, 290

Soto, 115

Sotwel, 867

Sousa, 87-8

Southey, 90

Southwell, 147-8, 358

Spain, 36, 43, 202-14, 51-3

Sparks, 908

"Speculum Jesuiticum," 273

Spee, von, 117, 361sqq.

Spinola, 185

Spiritual Exercises, 13-15, 381, 918sqq.

Squillace, 428, 507

Stanislaus Kostka, St., 48, 382, 418

Stanton, Father, 785-8

Staritza, 124

Statistics, 418-9, 550, 777, 800sqq.

Steinhüber, 887

Steins, 795

Stephens, 141sqq.

"Stimmen aus Maria-Laach," 874sqq.

Stone, 710

Stonestreet, 706

Stonyhurst, 500, 732

Strada, 36, 53, 56, 359

Strassmaier, 845, 863

Stritch. See Bathe

Stuart, Henry. See York, Cardinal of

Suárez, 21, 116, 281, 379, 390, 395, 416, 486, 876

Suau, 52sqq.

Sulpicians, 713

Superior, Lake, 336

Suppression, 442-603

Surin, 381, 395

Suttee, 804

Sweden, 120-24, 404, 681, 685

Swetchine, 730

Switzerland, 346, 587, 617, 728, 734, 740

Syria, 240, 632, 806-9, 929

T

Tamburini, 417-8, 575

Tamil, 231, 362

Tanucci, 421, 506 et seq.

Taparelli, 874

Tatary, 244, 770

Tegakwitha, 337-8

Theology, 378-81, 852, 864-5, 876-9, 885-90, 901.

Tibet, 237-8, 372, 378

Toletus, 5, 54, 112-5, 152, 197, 209-13, 215, 218, 379, 401, 876

Tongiorgi, 836, 878

Tonkin, 241, 245

Torres, Cosmo de, 76, 79, 93

Torres, 166-7, 169, 174, 188

Torres, Luis de, 381

Tournon, Charles-Thomas-Naillard, de, 259

Tournon, François de, 40, 60

Trent, Council of, 8, 33, 44-6, 48, 62, 108, 138, 150, 557, 563

Trichinopoly, 802, 805, 829

Tyburn, 141, 146

Tyrnau, 69

U

Ucondono, 172, 182-3, 189

Ugarte, 316, 326-7, 329-31

Uniates, 805-6, 811

"Unigenitus," 578

Urban VIII, 113, 119, 192, 255, 385, 390, 400, 560

Urban College, 894, 897

V

Valencia, Gregorio de, 21, 117-8, 215

Valignani, 173-4, 176, 183-5, 246-7

Valkenburg, 763, 875

Valladolid, 43, 83, 116, 151, 206, 406, 409

Van Ortroy, 384

Varin, 665, 669, 671-6, 701, 730, 733, 911

Vasa, House of, 404

Vasquez, Dionisio, 5-7, 199, 204-7, 209, 268

Vasquez, Gabriel, 21, 68, 379, 486

Verbiest, 257, 261, 264, 375, 377

Vicars General, 38, 651-2.

Vico, de, 371, 843, 848-9

Vieira, 126-8, 130, 192, 363, 367, 396, 449, 477

Villemain, 748-50, 754-5

Vilna, University of, 347, 660, 848

Vitelleschi, 269-71, 387, 390-2, 394, 396-8, 825

Vives y Tuto, 853

Vows, 32-3, 548, 557, 564, 609, 616, 659, 684, 746

W

Wadding, 315-6

Wasmann, 840

Waterclock, 625

Wauchope (Waucop), 38, 41

Wealth, 348, 445, 450, 481, 559

Weld, 431, 443, 820, 841

Wendrok. See Nicole

Wernz, 763, 828, 883, 904, 906, 926

White, 307, 339-40

Whitebread, 408

Whitemarsh, 712, 779

White Russia, 267, 735, 773

Witchcraft, 117, 361

Woodstock, 843

"Woodstock Letters," 875

World War, 761, 823, 828, 927

Würzburg, 48, 67, 346

Wynne, 866-7

X

Xavier, Francis. See Francis Xavier, St.

Xavier, Jerónimo, 229-30, 396

Ximenes, 618

Y

York, Cardinal of, 532, 548, 575, 596

York, Duke of, 408

Yu-heen, 792

Z

Zacatecas, 315

Zaccaria, 578, 619-21, 864, 877

Zahlé, 807, 809

Zambesi, 794, 820-2, 824, 930

Zapata, 39

Zelada, 549, 574

Zelanti, 534, 536

Zikawei, 771, 790-3, 828, 843

Zoology, 834

Zúñiga, de, 692, 703

PRINTED IN U. S. A.

PRESS OF J. B. LYON COMPANY ALBANY, N. Y.

* * * * *

Transcriber's Notes:

Superscripts are indicated by preceding them with a circumflex ^.

Simple typographical errors were corrected.

Punctuation and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Some unbalanced quotation marks could not be resolved; the same inconsistencies appear in at least one other edition of this work.

Many names are similar, differing only in the use of accent marks; some Index entries have been made consistent with their references, but most other differences and inconsistencies have not been changed.

"despatch" and "dispatch" both occur in this book.

Page 377: "1620-1740" changed to "1620-1704" to match actual lifespan of Heinrich Scherer.

Page 416: "González's appeared" probably should be "González's name appeared".

Page 792: "Father Lomüller" may be the "Léon Müller" on page 916.

Index entry "Wendrok. See Nicole" refers to a non-existent entry.

Index entries for "Demerara" and "Pius VI" corrected.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Jesuits, 1534-1921, by Thomas J. Campbell