Part 73

ALBA PLENA,* double white; ARCHIDUCHESSE AUGUSTA, petals deep red, veined with blue, a white band; ARCHIDUCHESSE MARIE,* flowers bright red, banded with white, imbricated; AUGUSTE DELFOSSE, bright reddish-orange, stripes down the centre of petals; AUGUSTINA SUPERBA,* flowers clear rose, free bloomer; BEALII ROSEA, one of the best and latest deep crimson varieties known; BICOLOR DE LA REINE, white and rose; BONOMIANA,* ground colour white, banded with intense deep red; CARYOPHYLLOIDES,* white, marbled with rosy-carmine, flowers very large; CHANDLERII ELEGANS,* flowers large, light rose; COMTE DE GOMER,* petals soft rose, striped with crimson, beautifully imbricated; COMTE DE PARIS, rich pink, large and full; CONTESSA LAVINIA MAGGI, pure white, broadly flamed with rosy-cerise; CONTESSA LAVINIA MAGGI ROSEA, flowers rich rosy-red, fine form, a superb variety; CORRADINO, rose, veined with salmon, centre delicate blush pink; COUNTESS OF DERBY,* beautifully imbricated, white, striped with rose; COUNTESS OF ELLESMERE,* colour varying from pure white to flesh, streaked with carnation; COUNTESS OF ORKNEY, pure white, striped with carmine, sometimes pink, shaded with deep rose; CUP OF BEAUTY,* pure white and rose, a beautifully imbricated flower; DAVID BOSCHI, clear pink, shaded with deep rose; DE LA REINE, petals white, striped with carmine; DONCKELAARII,* large flowers, semi-double, rich crimson, marbled white; DUCHESSE DE NASSAU,* flowers light pink, very large, and of superb form; DUCHESS OF BERRY, pure white, and cupped, beautifully imbricated, one of the most beautiful of all the double whites; EMPEROR OF RUSSIA, large crimson; FANNY BOLIS, white, striped and splashed with deep crimson; FIMBRIATA ALBA,* similar to _Alba plena_, outer petals notched at the edges; GENERAL CIALDINI, beautifully imbricated, bright carmine, flaked with red; HENRI FAVRE, flowers rosy-salmon, finely imbricated; HOVEY, C. H.,* bright crimson, well imbricated; HOVEY, C. M.,* deep velvety crimson, darkly shaded, very distinct; HOVEY, MRS.,* delicate pink, very smooth in outline, medium size; IL CYGNO, flowers pure white, petals Ranunculi-formed and imbricated; IL 22 MARZO, clear rose, the petals sometimes banded with white; IMBRICATA, deep carmine, occasionally variegated; JARDIN D'HIVER, a fine variety, flowers beautifully imbricated, colour bright rose; JEFFERSONII, fine crimson; JENNY LIND,* flowers imbricated to the extreme centre, broad, and of good substance, white, striped and marbled with rose; JUBILEE,* flowers very large, with broad, round, imbricated petals, white, marbled with rose, centre pure white; LADY HUME'S BLUSH,* flowers flesh-colour, and of excellent form; LA MAESTOSA, rose, mottled with white; LEEANA SUPERBA, flowers salmon-red, very fine; LEON LEGUAY, rich crimson; MADAME AMBROISE VERSCHAFFELT,* white, shaded with blush, and dotted with red; MADAME LEBOIS, bright rose, finely imbricated, and of good form; MATHOTIANA,* flowers brilliant red, and beautifully imbricated, extra fine; MATHOTIANA ALBA, flowers large, finely imbricated to the centre, pure white; MONTIRONI,* a fine pure white flower; MRS. ABBEY WILDER, ivory-white, striped with rose, well imbricated; MRS. COPE,* white, delicately shaded with pink, and striped with rose; MRS. DOMBRAIN,* shape and substance excellent, colour beautiful soft pink; NAPOLEON III., flowers rose, beautifully veined with deep rose, and edged with pure white; PRINCE ALBERT, white, beautifully flaked with carmine; PRINCESS BACCIOCCHI,* rich velvety carmine; PRINCESS FREDERICK WILLIAM,* flowers white, tipped with bright carmine; QUEEN OF ROSES, flowers delicate rose; REINE DES BEAUTÉS,* very delicate clear rose, fine form, extra fine variety; REINE DES FLEURS,* finely imbricated, petals of good substance and perfect symmetry, colour vermilion-red, flaked occasionally with white; RUBENS, deep rose-white stripes; SACCOIANA,* a finely imbricated flower, colour very variable, occasionally clear rose, at other times spotted with pure white; SARAH FROST, flowers bright red; STORYI, outer petals bright rose, centre almost white; TARGIONI, flowers beautifully imbricated, pure white, striped with cerise; TEUTONIA, flowers sometimes red, at other times white, but occasionally half red and half white; THOMAS MOORE,* flowers 4-1/2in. across, perfectly round, and well imbricated, petals also round, and well filled up in the centre, colour rich carmine, shaded with crimson; TRICOLOR DE MATHOT, flowers red, marbled with white, semidouble; TRICOLOR IMBRICATA PLENA, blush white, flaked with carmine and rose; VALTEVAREDA, colour bright rose, often spotted with snowy white; WILDERII,* soft rose, of excellent form.

=CAMOENSIA= (named in honour of Luis Camoens, a celebrated Portuguese poet). ORD. _Leguminosæ_. A genus containing a couple of handsome species. _C. maxima_ is the largest-flowered leguminous plant known. It thrives well in rich loam and leaf mould. Cuttings root in sandy loam, in bottom heat, if placed under a bell glass. It has not yet flowered in this country. The other species has not been introduced.

=C. maxima= (greatest).* _fl._ cream-colour, yellow, 1ft. long, in short axillary racemes. Angola, 1878. (T. L. S. 25, 36.)

=CAMOMILE.= _See_ =Chamomile=.

=CAMPANEA= (from _campana_, a bell; alluding to the shape of the flowers). ORD. _Gesneraceæ_. Stove herbaceous climbing perennials, the only one at present introduced being _C. grandiflora_. For cultivation, _see_ =Gesnera=.

=C. grandiflora= (large-flowered).* _fl._ in axillary tufts, at ends of long, axillary, and terminal peduncles; corolla white, lined and dotted with crimson. June. _l._ opposite, oval, acuminated, oblique, soft, crenated, stalked. Plant hairy. _h._ 2ft. Santa Fé, 1848. (R. H. 1849, 241.)

=CAMPANULA= (diminutive of _campana_, a bell; in reference to the shape of the flowers). Bell-flower; Slipperwort. ORD. _Campanulaceæ_. A genus of mostly perennial--rarely annual or biennial--herbs. Flowers blue or white, for the most part pedunculate, usually racemose, rarely spicate or glomerate. Radical leaves usually different in form from the cauline ones, especially in size. All the species of this genus are elegant when in flower (see Fig. 339), and are very largely grown. The dwarf varieties make excellent subjects for pot culture, rockeries, or the fronts of borders. A rather rich sandy loam, with plenty of drainage, suits these plants. The forms of _C. pyramidalis_ may be kept in cold frames during the winter, and firmly repotted in summer, the crown of the plant being kept just a trifle raised above the soil, or they are at times liable to damp off, through the water lodging around the necks. During hot weather, the pots should be plunged in a bed of ashes. Campanulas are easily raised from seeds, which should be sown in spring.

_General Culture._ As a rule, few plants are so easily cultivated as these. The strong-growing kinds may be grown with the greatest success in ordinary garden soil, well enriched with manure, while the alpine kinds are easily managed on the rockery. Sow seeds of the annuals in April, and of the biennials in June, in the open, or in a cold frame. The perennials are chiefly propagated by dividing the roots, or by young cuttings, in spring--the latter is by far the best method of propagation with many of the species--or by seeds. Those kinds requiring special treatment are particularised, and those suitable to the rockery are so designated. Perennials, except where otherwise mentioned.

=C. Adami= (Adam's). _fl._ bluish, nearly erect, one on the top of each stem; corolla funnel-shaped. July. _l._ slightly ciliated; radical ones on long petioles, cuneate-spathulate, coarsely toothed at the apex; cauline ones sessile, obovate or linear. _h._ 6in. Caucasus, 1821. Alpine.

=C. Allionii= (Allioni's).* _fl._ usually blue, rarely white, subnutant, large, solitary. July to September. _l._, radical ones linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, ciliated; lower ones rosulate, bluntish. Stem rather pilose. Root creeping. _h._ 3in. to 4in. Piedmontese Alps, &c., 1820. A little gem, requiring a well-drained position, in rich sandy loam, with plenty of grit in it, and an abundance of moisture when growing. SYNS. _C. alpestris_ and _C. nana_. (B. M. 6588.)

=C. alpestris= (rocky). A synonym of _C. Allionii_.

=C. alpina= (alpine).* _fl._ deep blue, few or numerous, scattered in a pyramidal manner along the whole stem. July. _l._ linear-lanceolate, repandly-crenate, woolly; radical ones crowded, narrowed at the base. Stem glabrous or woolly. _h._ 3in. to 9in. Europe, 1779. Rockery. (B. M. 957.)

=C. americana= (American). _fl._ erect, one to three from the axil of each bract; corollas blue, a little longer than the calycine lobes. July. _l._, radical ones rosulate, ovate, acute, a little cordate, petiolate, serrated; cauline ones ovate-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, serrulated. _h._ 3ft. to 6ft. North America, 1763. Borders.

=C. barbata= (bearded).* _fl._ nutant, disposed in a loose, often secund raceme; pedicels one-flowered, rising from the axils of the superior leaves; corolla pale blue or white (in the variety _alba_), glabrous outside, but woolly in the mouth. June. _l._ villous, nearly entire; radical ones crowded, lanceolate; cauline ones few, ligulate. _h._ 6in. to 18in. European Alps, 1752. This is best grown on the rockery. The white variety is very handsome. (B. M. 1258.)

=C. Barrelierii= (Barrelier's). A synonym of _C. fragilis_.

=C. betonicæfolia= (Betony-leaved).* _fl._ terminal and axillary, the branchlets usually bearing three; corollas purplish-blue, with a pale yellow base, tubular. May. _l._ elliptic-oblong or ovate, acute, crenate-toothed; radical ones shortly petiolate. Stems much branched. Plant pilose. _h._ 1-1/2ft. Mount Olympus in Bithynia, 1820. Borders. (S. F. G. 210.)

=C. bononiensis= (Bononian).* _fl._ bluish-violet, rather small, numerous, disposed in long racemes. July. _l._ serrulated, ovate, acuminate, dark green above, pale beneath; radical ones cordate, petiolate; upper ones stem-clasping. _h._ 2ft. to 3ft. Europe, 1773. Borders. There is also a very showy white-flowered variety.

=C. cæspitosa= (tufted).* _fl._ drooping, terminal, solitary, and sometimes three to four at the top of each stem; corollas deep blue or pure white (in the variety _alba_). May to August. _l._, radical ones crowded, on short petioles, ovate, glandularly toothed, shining. Stems numerous, tufted. Root fibrous, creeping. _h._ 4in. to 6in. Temperate parts of Europe, 1813. Rockery, delighting in rich fibrous loam and leaf mould.

=C. carpathica= (Carpathian).* _fl._ blue, broadly campanulate, disposed in loose panicles, on long peduncles, which are elongated, naked, and terminated by an erect flower. June to August. _l._, lower ones on long petioles, ovate-roundish, cordate, toothed; upper ones on short petioles, ovate, acute. Stems leafy, branched. _h._ 9in. Transylvania, 1774. Borders or rockery. See Fig. 340. (B. M. 117.)

=C. c. alba= (white).* _fl._ quite white, otherwise like the type. See Fig. 339.

=C. c. pelviformis= (pelvis-formed).* _fl._ lilac, nearly 2in. across, numerously produced in lax panicles on much-branched stems, 9in. to 18in. high; fragrant. August. _l._ ovate, cordate, toothed. A distinct seedling from _C. c. turbinata_. See Fig. 341.

=C. C. turbinata= (top-shaped).* _fl._ nearly 2in. across, erect; corolla deep purple, campanulate. Summer. _l._ ovate, rigid, greyish-green, toothed, and pointed, with cordate bases, in stiff tufts. Stems short, erect. _h._ 6in. to 12in. Transylvania, 1868. Borders or rockery. See Figs. 339 and 342. There is also a desirable variety named _pallida_, with very pale purple flowers.

=C. c. t. Hendersoni= (Henderson's). _fl._ rich mauve, in large pyramidal racemes, rather open. July to September. _l._, lower ones cordate, or ovate cordate, slightly crenulated, on long stalks; upper ones oblong, sessile. _h._ 1ft. Very handsome hybrid for borders.

=C. caucasica= (Caucasian). _fl._ few, terminal and axillary, drooping; corollas glabrous outside, but bearded inside, of a violaceous-blue colour. July. _l._ crenulated; lower ones obovate, obtuse, petiolate; upper ones lanceolate, sessile. Stems erect, branched, terete, scabrous, pilose. _h._ 6in. to 9in. Caucasus, 1804. Rockery; very pretty.

=C. celtidifolia= (Nettle-tree-leaved).* A synonym of _C. lactiflora_.

=C. cenisia= (Mont Cenis).* _fl._ deep blue, solitary, terminal, erect. June. _l._ entire; radical ones rosulate, obovate, obtuse; cauline ones ovate-oblong. Stems numerous, glabrous, or slightly pilose. _h._ 3in. Italy, &c., 1775. A rare little rockery gem, requiring a deep gritty loam and leaf soil, between stones. (A. F. P. 3, 6.)

=C. Cervicaria.= Throatwort. _fl._ blue, pilose outside; heads terminal, round, bracteate. July. _l._ crenately serrated; radical ones linear-lanceolate, bluntish, on short petioles; cauline ones linear-acuminated. Stem simple. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. Mountains of Europe, 1768. Biennial. Borders. (L. B. C. 452.)

=C. collina= (hill).* _fl._ deep blue, funnel-shaped, few, secund, disposed in a long raceme. July. _l._, lower ones on long petioles, ovate-oblong, crenulated; middle ones lanceolate; upper ones linear-acuminated. Stems simple, rather pilose. _h._ 1ft. Caucasus, 1803. Borders. (B. M. 927.)

=C. colorata= (coloured). _fl._ purple; corolla tubular, velvety; peduncles elongated, terminal and axillary. September. _l._ scattered, lanceolate, acute, repandly denticulated. Stem branched, downy. Sikkim Himalayas, 1849. This requires frame protection during winter. (B. M. 4555.)

=C. dichotoma= (forked). _fl._ bluish-purple, with a paler tube, drooping, terminal, solitary in the forks of the branches and stem. July. _l._, cauline ones ovate, acute, a little crenated. Stem erect, with dichotomous branches. Plant clothed with stiff hairs. _h._ 6in. South-western Europe, 1820. Annual. Borders. (S. F. G. 211.)

=C. drabifolia= (Draba-leaved). _fl._ pedicellate, opposite the leaves; corolla inflated, with a white tube and a violaceous-blue limb. July. _l._ elliptic-oblong, toothed. Stem many times forked, slightly erect. Plant hispid. _h._ 3in. Island of Samos, 1823. Annual. Rockery. (S. F. G. 215.)

=C. Elatines= (Elatine).* _fl._ scattered over the upper part of the plant, sometimes racemose, and sometimes panicled; corollas bluish-purple. June to August. _l._ cordate, coarsely and acutely toothed, ovate-acute; lower ones roundish. Stem branched. Plant downy. _h._ 3in. to 6in. Piedmont, 1823. Rockery. (A. F. P. 3, 7.)

=C. Erinus= (Erinus).* _fl._ terminal and axillary, situated in the angles of the forks of the branches; corollas of a pale bluish-rose-colour, or white, pilose at the base, tubular. May to August. _l._ obovate or ovate, toothed. Stem much branched. Plant hispid. _h._ 3in. to 9in. Europe, 1768. Annual. Rockery. (S. F. G. 214.)

=C. excisa= (excised). _fl._ drooping; stem one-flowered; corollas blue, funnel-shaped. June. _l._ entire, or remotely-denticulated, linear-acuminated. Stems numerous, erect, slender, simple, naked at top. _h._ 3in. to 6in. Switzerland and Transylvania, 1820. Rockery. A rare species, requiring to be treated like _cenisia_. (L. B. C. 561.)

=C. floribunda= (many-flowered). A synonym of _C. isophylla_.

=C. fragilis= (fragile).* _fl._ clear lilac-purple, white in the centre, solitary or in pairs, axillary, erect, or nearly so, on spreading branches. July and August. _l._, radical ones reniform, or roundish-cordate, rather deeply lobed; cauline ones broadly-ovate, slightly cordate, all stalked. _h._ 4in. to 6in. South Italy. SYN. _C. Barrelierii_. (B. M. 6504.)

=C. garganica= (Gargano).* _fl._ axillary, in fascicles; corollas blue, rotate, deeply five-lobed. May to September. _l._, radical ones reniform, on long petioles; cauline ones cordate, all crenately toothed, downy. _h._ 3in. to 6in. Italy, 1832. An extremely variable species. Rockery, in rich sandy loam. (B. R. 1768.)

=C. glomerata= (clustered).* _fl._ sessile, disposed in terminal heads on the branches and stems; corollas bluish-violet or white, glabrous, except the nerves outside, funnel-shaped. May to September. _l._ serrulated; radical ones ovate, acute; bracts ovate, acuminated. Stems simple, or branched. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. Britain, &c. Borders. See Fig. 343. (Sy. En. B. 866.) A double-flowered variety, and also a white-flowered form, are very desirable. There are numerous varieties of this species which are frequently described as distinct species. The following are among the number:

=C. g. cervicaroides= (Cervicaria-like). _fl._ bluish-violet, terminal and axillary. Lower leaves on long petioles. Stem flexuous, hairy.

=C. g. elliptica= (elliptical). _fl._ blue, large, capitate. _l._ on long petioles, elliptic; bracts large, often longer than the flowers.

=C. g. nicæensis= (Nice). _fl._ bluish-violet, disposed in short, dense spikes. _l._ approximate, ovate, acute, sessile.

=C. g. pusilla= (diminutive).* _fl._ few, capitate. _l._ round, cordate. _h._ 1in. to 2in. In addition to these, there are _aggregata_ and _speciosa_ (= _dahurica_). The latter is an excellent variety, with large heads of deep-coloured flowers.

=C. grandiflora= (large-flowered). _See_ =Platycodon grandiflorum=.

=C. grandis= (large).* _fl._ pale violet-blue, broadly bell-shaped, with large pointed divisions, axillary and alternate, on the upper part of the stem. June. _l._ sessile, lanceolate, serrated. Stem simple, furrowed. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. Siberia, 1842. Borders. There is also a very showy white-flowered variety named _alba_.

=C. haylodgensis= (Hay Lodge). _fl._ light blue, rather open, bell-shaped, few, at the ends of the stems. August. _l._, radical ones tufted, roundish-cordate, with the margins slightly indented; cauline ones ovate-cordate, conspicuously toothed, light green. _h._ 6in. to 9in. Rockery. This is a hybrid, raised by Mr. Anderson-Henry, Hay Lodge, Edinburgh, probably between _C. carpathica_ and _C. pusilla_.

=C. hederacea= (Ivy-like). _See_ =Wahlenbergia hederacea=.

=C. Hostii= (Host's).* A synonym of _C. rotundifolia Hostii_.

=C. isophylla= (equal-leaved).* _fl._ numerous, erect, disposed in a corymb; corolla lilac-blue, with a grey centre, large, salver-shaped, deeply five-lobed. August. _l._ broadly ovate, cordate, and toothed. Stems firm. North Italy, 1868. Borders and rockery. SYN. _C. floribunda_. (B. M. 5745.)

C. i. alba (white).* _fl._ pure white; in other respects like the species. It is a charming rockery plant, flowering very freely.

=C. laciniata= (cut-leaved). _fl._ long-stalked, in lax panicles. Stem erect, branchy, somewhat hairy. _h._ 1ft. Islands in Grecian Archipelago, 1790. This biennial species is impatient of much moisture during winter, and is therefore best kept in a cold frame. See Fig. 344.

=C. lactiflora= (milk-coloured-flowered).* _fl._ in loose panicles; peduncles erect, short, usually three-flowered; corollas erect, milk-coloured, tinged with blue, or quite blue, as in the variety named _cœrulea_. July to September. _l._ sessile. ovate-lanceolate, acutely serrated. Stems branched. _h._ 2ft. to 6ft. Caucasus, 1814. Borders. SYN. _C. celtidifolia_. See Fig. 339. (B. R. 241.)

=C. Langsdorffiana= (Langsdorff's). _fl._ blue, either solitary or in few-flowered panicles, not unlike those of _C. rotundifolia_. _l._ either entire or toothed. _h._ 3in. to 9in. Mountains of Northern Asia and America. Perennial. See Fig. 345.

=C. latifolia= (broad-leaved). _fl._ disposed in spicate racemes; peduncles erect, one-flowered; corolla blue, but sometimes white (in the variety _alba_) campanulately funnel-shaped, large. July. _l._ large, doubly serrated; radical ones petiolate, cordate, ovate-oblong; cauline ones sessile, ovate-acuminated. Stems simple, smooth. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. Britain. (Sy. En. B. 868.)

=C. l. eriocarpa= (woolly-fruited). _fl._, tube of calyx very hispid. _l._ less acuminated. Stem and leaves pilose and pale. Caucasus, 1823. Borders.

=C. l. macrantha= (large-flowered).* _fl._, corollas purplish-blue, larger than those of the type. Stem and leaves rather pilose; teeth of leaves more distinct. A hybrid. Borders.

=C. Loefflingii= (Lœffling's). _fl._ solitary, terminating the naked branchlets, loosely panicled, drooping; corolla blue or violaceous, with a deeper-coloured zone beneath the middle, white at the base, both inside and out, funnel-shaped. July. _l._ crenulated; lower ones ovate-reniform; superior ones ovate, stem-clasping. Stem much branched. Annual. _h._ 6in. to 18in. South-west Europe, 1818. (B. R. 29, 19.)

=C. Loreyi= (Lorey's). A synonym of _C. ramosissima_.

=C. lyrata= (lyrate). _fl._ disposed in a long, many-flowered, loose raceme; corolla blue, tubular, with rather pilose nerves. June. _l._, lower ones petiolate, cordate, ovate, acute, crenated; superior ones sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrate-toothed. Stem branched. Eastern Europe, Levant, &c., 1823. Borders.

=C. macrostyla= (large-styled). _fl._ dull purple, reticulated with violet, solitary, on stout stalks; hairy towards the base. July. _l._, lower ones ovate-oblong, acute; upper ones ovate-lanceolate, recurved, small for the size of the plant, hispid on both surfaces, and ciliated with bristles. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. Taurus Mountains. Annual. Borders. The rigid habit, bristly, almost prickly, stem and leaves, curious calyx appendages, short gaping corolla, and wonderful stigma, mark this as the most singular Campanula hitherto introduced. See Fig. 346.

=C. Medium= (middle-sized).* Canterbury Bells. _fl._ numerous, large, disposed in racemes; corolla blue, purple, and white, campanulate, inflated, single and double. July. _l._ sessile, ovate-lanceolate, crenately toothed. Stem erect, branched. _h._ 1ft. to 4ft. South Europe, 1597. See Fig. 347. A well-known and very handsome biennial, of which there are numerous varieties. Borders.

=C. muralis= (wall).* A synonym of _C. Portenschlagiana_.

=C. nana= (dwarf). A synonym of _C. Allionii_.