Part 40

=A. flaccidum= (relaxed). _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 8in. long. _fronds_ 1ft. to 3ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, often pendent, with numerous lanceolate pinnæ, which are 4in. to 8in. long, and about 1/2in. broad, sometimes rather rigid and recurved, sometimes quite flaccid and drooping, like the main rachis, sometimes deeply pinnatifid, but more often cut down to the thick rachis in oblique or sub-falcate linear lobes. _sori_ in the divided form quite marginal. New Zealand, &c. SYNS. _A. odontites_ and _Darea flaccida_.

=A. fœniculaceum= (Fennel-like). A variety of _A. fragrans_.

=A. fontanum= (rock).* _sti._ tufted, 2in. to 4in. long. _fronds_ 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad, oblong-lanceolate; lower pinnæ short, reflexed; central ones horizontal, about 1/2in. long; pinnules stalked, lower ones oblong, deeply inciso-pinnatifid. _sori_ copious, covering nearly the whole under surface of the pinnule. England, &c. Hardy. This requires to be planted in a well-drained chink of the rockery, in rich gritty soil. SYN. _A. Halleri_. _A. refractum_ is a well-marked variety. See Fig. 171.

=A. formosum= (beautiful). _sti._ tufted, very short. _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, 1in. broad, with twenty to thirty sessile horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 1/2in. long, one and a-half to two lines deep; upper edge deeply cut, point rather obtuse, lower edge truncate in a straight line. _sori_ linear-oblong, short, oblique, placed one to four on each side of the midrib. Tropical America, &c., 1822. A very elegant stove species.

=A. fragrans= (fragrant).* _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 8in. long, _fronds_ 6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to 6in. broad, sub-deltoid, tripinnate, with numerous close placed deltoid pinnæ on each side, the lowest 3in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad; pinnules lanceolate-deltoid; segments sub-spathulate, one line broad, dentate round the outer edge. _sori_ copious. Tropical America, 1793. _A. fœniculaceum_ is a variety with narrowly linear ultimate segments. Both are very handsome stove plants, the latter being especially beautiful.

=A. Franconis= (Franconis).* _sti._ tufted, 1ft. long. _fronds_ 1ft. to 2ft. long, 9in. to 15in. broad, deltoid, with numerous pinnæ on each side, the lower ones 6in. to 8in. long, much acuminated, cut down in the lower half into distinct pinnules, 1-1/2in. to 2in. long, 1/2in. broad, lanceolate, unequal sided, the edge cut half-way down below into oblong sharply-toothed lobes; the lower side obliquely truncate. _sori_ in parallel rows, not reaching the edge. Mexico, &c. Stove species. SYN. _Diplazium Franconis_.

=A. furcatum= (forked).* _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 8in. long, _fronds_ 6in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side, which are lanceolate-deltoid, 2in. to 3in. long, 3/4in. to 1in. broad, nearly or quite pinnate; pinnules linear-cuneate, sharply serrated on the outer edge. _sori_ linear, distant. Very widely distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of both hemispheres. A most elegant greenhouse species. SYN. _A. præmorsum_.

=A. germanicum= (German).* _sti._ densely tufted, 2in. to 4in. long. _fronds_ 2in. to 3in. long, 1/2in. to 1in. broad, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into a few narrow flabellato-cuneate pinnæ on each side, the lowest of which are again deeply cleft. _sori_ linear, when mature covering the whole breadth, but falling short of the point of the pinnæ. Scotland and Norway to Hungary and Dalmatia. Hardy or frame species. SYN. _A. alternifolium_.

=A. giganteum= (gigantic). A synonym of _A. radicans_.

=A. Goringianum pictum= (painted).* A very pretty form of _A. macrocarpum_; the fronds are from 6in. to 18in. long, pendulous, somewhat lanceolate in form; rachis reddish, with the pinnæ next it on each side variegated, forming a central grey band throughout its entire length. Japan. Greenhouse species, or hardy in sheltered positions.

=A. grandifolium= (large-leaved). _sti._ 1ft. or more long. _fronds_ 2ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 12in. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, the point pinnatifid, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side; the lower ones 2in. or more apart, distinctly stalked, 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad, acuminate; edge slightly toothed, and sometimes broadly lobed below, the base equally rounded on both sides. _sori_ irregular, falling slightly short of both midrib and edge. Tropical America, 1793. Stove species. SYN. _Diplazium grandifolium_.

=A. Grevillei= (Greville's). _fronds_ undivided, 12in. to 18in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, lanceolate-spathulate, narrowed to an acute apex, and suddenly below to a broadly winged stipe, which grows very gradually narrower downwards; the margin entire. _sori_ usually extending within a short distance of the edge. India. Stove species.

=A. Halleri= (Haller's). Synonymous with _A. fontanum_.

=A. Hemionitis= (Hemionitis).* _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 8in. long. _fronds_ 4in. to 6in. each way, hastate, with a triangular, acute terminal lobe, and two large, cordate, acute lateral ones, again bluntly or acutely lobed at the base; the basal sinus rounded, 1in. or more deep, and the lobes on each side imbricated over one another and the petiole. _sori_ narrow upon the simple veins. South Europe, &c. A pretty greenhouse species. SYN. _A. palmatum_.

=A. H. cristatum= (crested).* Similar in frond form and size to the species, but the apices are crested and tasselled. Where variety is sought, this should certainly be grown.

=A. H. multifidum= (much-divided).* _fronds_ quite as broad as long; the main divisions again freely divided or deeply cut, so as to give them a fringed outline. Azores.

=A. heterocarpum= (various-fruited).* _sti._ scattered, 4in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 15in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad, narrow-lanceolate, with very numerous close-placed dimidiate pinnæ on each side, which are 3/4in. to 1in. broad, 1/4in. deep; the lower edge quite entire, the upper broadest towards the base, where it is narrowed suddenly, deeply incised throughout. _sori_ one, or rarely two, together in the teeth. Himalayas, and widely distributed in south-eastern Asia. A very lovely stove or greenhouse species.

=A. heterodon= (variously-toothed). Synonymous with _A. vulcanicum_.

=A. Hookerianum= (Hooker's). Synonymous with _A. Colensoi_.

=A. incisum= (incised). _sti._ tufted, 1in. to 3in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad, lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side; lower distant and blunt, central ones 1in. long, 1/2in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid; pinnules ovate-rhomboidal, pinnate, much truncated at the base on the lower side and deeply inciso-pinnatifid. _sori_ linear-oblong, one to each vein. Japan, &c. Greenhouse species.

=A. javanicum= (Javanese). _See_ =Allantodia Brunoniana=.

=A. lanceolatum= (lanceolate).* _sti._ tufted, 3in. to 4in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad; lower pinnæ distant, 1in. to 1-1/2in. long, 1/4in. to 3/8in. broad; pinnules oblong-rhomboidal, sharply toothed, and often broadly lobed below. _sori_ copious, when mature covering nearly the whole under surface. South-west Europe, including southern England, &c. Hardy species.

=A. l. crispatum= (curled).* _fronds_ 4in. to 8in. long, broadly-lanceolate, bipinnate, with the margins of the pinnules involute and sharply toothed, giving them a curled appearance.

=A. l. microdon= (small-toothed).* _fronds_ 4in. to 6in. long, simply pinnate, with deeply lobed pinnæ, the margins of the lobes very finely dentated and toothed. A pretty little gem, well adapted for case culture.

=A. lanceum= (lance-shaped). _sti._ scattered, 4in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 9in. long, 3/4in. to 1in. broad, attenuated gradually upwards and downwards, the edge entire or slightly undulated. _sori_ linear, irregular, reaching nearly to the edge, but not to the midrib. Himalayas, &c. Greenhouse species. SYN. _A. subsinuatum_ and _Diplazium lanceum_.

=A. laserpitiifolium= (Laserpitium-leaved).* _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 12in. long, naked. _fronds_ 1ft. to 4ft. long, 4in. to 18in. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, 2in. to 9in. long, and from 2in. to 6in. broad, cut down to the rachis into numerous distinct pinnules, the lowest with rhomboidal-cuneate segments. _sori_ short, irregular. Polynesian Islands, North Australia, &c. A very handsome greenhouse species.

=A. laxum= (loose). A variety of _A. bulbiferum_.

=A. lineatum= (streaked). _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 1ft. to 2ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, with twenty to thirty pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 4in. long, about 1/2in. broad, acuminate, dentate, nearly or quite sessile, the base cuneate. _sori_ very regular, reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge. Mauritius, &c. There are several forms of this species: those with small narrow cuneate pinnules, _inequale_; those with deeply bifid or pinnatifid pinnules, _bifida_. Stove species.

=A. longissimum= (longest).* _sti._ tufted, 3in. to 12in. long. _fronds_ 2ft. to 8ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, lanceolate-elongate, pendulous, proliferous, and rooting at the apex, with very numerous pinnæ on each side, which are 2in. to 4in. long, 1/4in. broad, acuminated, the two sides nearly equal, with a distinct central midrib; edge slightly toothed, the base on both sides often auricled. _sori_ numerous, in two regular rows on each side the midrib, and reaching nearly to the edge. Malacca, &c., 1840. A very distinct stove fern for baskets.

=A. lucidum= (clear). A synonym of _A. obtusatum lucidum_.

=A. lunulatum= (crescent-shaped).* _sti._ tufted, 2in. to 4in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 18in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad, simply pinnate, narrowly lanceolate-oblong, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 1-1/2in. long, 1/4in. to 1/2in. broad, bluntish or acute, more or less deeply inciso-crenate throughout, the two sides unequal; the upper one on the base narrowed suddenly, the lower one obliquely truncate; lower pinnæ often deflexed. _sori_ falling short of both edge and midrib. Tropics. SYN. _A. erectum_.

=A. l. Fernandesianum= (Fernandez).* A form with a more rigid rachis and sub-coriaceous, rather narrower pinnæ. Juan Fernandez.

=A. macrocarpum= (large-fruited). _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 12in. to 24in. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, the lowest 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad, lanceolate; pinnules oblong-rhomboidal, inciso-crenate or pinnatifid. _sori_ copious, large. Himalayas. Greenhouse species. SYN. _Athyrium macrocarpum_.

=A. macrophyllum= (long-leaved). Synonymous with _A. nitens_.

=A. marginatum= (margined). _sti._ 2ft. to 3ft. long, strong, erect woody, about 1/2in. thick at the base. _fronds_ simply pinnate, 4ft. to 6ft. long; pinnæ in several opposite pairs, the lowest 1ft. to 2ft. long, 3in. to 4in. broad, the edge entire, the base often cordate. _sori_ long, linear, confined to the free veins. Tropical America. Stove species. SYN. _Hemidictyum marginatum_.

=A. marinum= (sea).* Sea Spleenwort. _sti._ tufted, 3in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 18in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, apex pinnatifid; pinnæ of the lower half quite deltoid, the point acute or obtuse, margin crenato-dentate. _sori_ broad, falling short of the edge. Europe, including Britain. Although perfectly hardy, this requires to be grown in a frame or cool house.

=A. m. coronans= (crowned).* _fronds_ 4in. to 6in. long, simply pinnate; pinnæ for two-thirds of the way up variable in form, and irregularly lobed and cut; the upper third freely branched with numerous imbricated, curled, and slightly crested divisions, forming a dense head 2in. or more across. A dwarf and pretty form.

=A. m. crenatum= (crenated). _fronds_ 4in. to 8in. long, broadly-lanceolate; pinnæ nearly trapeziform, obtuse, with deeply crenated margins. A very pretty form.

=A. m. mirabile= (wonderful).* _sti._ 2in. to 4in. long. _fronds_ about the same length, the rachis divided about half way down from the top into two nearly equal divisions, which are again freely forked, with the pinnules and segments obtusely lobed; the whole expanded, but not crested, into a breadth equal to the length of the frond; the lower pinnæ are more or less abnormal and bluntly lobed.

=A. m. plumosum= (feathery).* _sti._ 3in. to 4in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 15in. long, bi- or tripinnatifid, broadly-lanceolate; pinnæ very variable, closely set, and imbricated, cut nearly to the rachis into ovate or oblong divisions, which are again more or less deeply cut and lobed, the entire frond having a very elegant appearance.

=A. m. ramo-plumosum= (branched and feathery).* _fronds_ divided nearly to the top of the stipes into two main branches, which are distinctly pinnate; pinnæ distant below, imbricated upwards, cut nearly to the rachis into ovate or oblong lobes, the margins of which are slightly dentated. It is a very handsome form, the width of the frond being greater than its length.

=A. m. ramosum= (branched). _fronds_ from 4in. to 8in. long, branched at the apices; pinnæ oblong, with the margins obtusely-dentate, and slightly undulated.

=A. m. sub-bipinnatum= (half-bipinnate). _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, lanceolate; pinnæ distant, deeply lobed, or cut nearly to the midribs. A very rare and pretty variety.

=A. m. Thompsonii= (Thompson's).* _sti._ 3in. to 4in. long, smooth. _fronds_ 6in. to 10in. long, ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid; pinnæ closely set, sub-deltoid, unequal-sided, deeply cut into oblong, slightly undulated lobes below, gradually less divided upwards. A very rare and handsome variety. All the forms of _A. marinum_ require a very moist atmosphere, consequently they will not thrive in the open air, unless along the sea-coast.

=A. maximum= (largest). _cau._ erect. _sti._ 2ft. or more long. _fronds_ several feet long, 2ft. to 3ft. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, the lowest 9in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad; pinnules sub-sessile, 2in. to 4in. long, 3/4in. broad; edge more or less lobed. _sori_ medial, the lowest two lines long. North India. Stove species. SYNS. _A. diversifolium_ and _Diplazium decurrens_.

=A. melanocaulon= (black-stiped).* _sti._ 1ft. to 2ft. long. _fronds_ 2ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 18in. broad; lower pinnæ 4in. to 9in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, 2in. to 3in. long, 3/4in. broad, cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis into linear-oblong, falcate, inciso-crenate lobes. _sori_ short, oblong, not touching either midrib or edge. Fiji. Stove species. SYN. _Diplazium melanocaulon_.

=A. Michauxii= (Michaux's).* _cau._ stout. _sti._ 4in. to 8in. long. _fronds_ 9in. to 24in. long, 3in. to 9in. broad, ovate-deltoid, bi- or tripinnate; pinnules oblong, deeply serrate, or cut quite to the rachis. United States. A very handsome hardy species, closely related to the Lady Fern, of which it may be only a variety.

=A. monanthemum= (one-flowered).* _sti._ densely tufted, 3in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, about 1in. broad, with twenty to forty horizontal, sessile, sub-dimidiate pinnæ on each side, which are about 1/2in. long and 1/4in. deep, the upper side crenate, suddenly narrowed at the base, the lower more or less distinctly cut away in a straight, or, in the lower pinnæ, decurved line. _sori_ linear-oblong, usually one or two, parallel with the lower edge of the pinnæ. Temperate regions of both hemispheres. Greenhouse species.

=A. montanum= (mountain).* _sti._ tufted, 2in. to 3in. long. _fronds_ 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid; lowest pinnæ distinctly stalked, deltoid, sharply serrated round the outer edge. _sori_ short, copious. United States, 1812. Frame or greenhouse species.

=A. multisectum= (much-cut). Synonymous with _A. aspidioides_.

=A. musæfolium= (Musa-leaved). A variety of _A. Nidus_.

=A. myriophyllum= (myriad-leaved). A variety of _A. rhizophyllum_.

=A. Nidus= (nest).* Bird's-nest Fern. _fronds_ undivided, 2ft. to 4ft. long, 3in. to 8in. broad, lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, tapering gradually below into a short stem; the edge entire, the midrib rounded on the back; veins fine and parallel, about 1/2in. apart. _sori_ reaching about half way towards the margin. India, &c., 1820. SYN. _A. australasicum_. See Fig. 172.

=A. N. australasicum= (Australian). Midrib keeled on the back, often black. Australia, &c. The two former are best treated in the stove; the latter thrives well in the greenhouse. SYN. _Thamnopteris australasicum_.

=A. N. musæfolium= (Musa-leaved).* _fronds_ larger, sometimes 6ft. long, 1ft. broad. _sori_ extending nearly to the edge.

=A. nitens= (shining). _sti._ scattered, 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 1-1/2in. to 2in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, with twelve to twenty ascending or sub-falcate pinnæ on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, 1/2in. to 1in. broad, much acuminated; edge finely toothed, base broadly rounded on the upper, truncate in a curve on the lower side. _sori_ in close regular rows, not extending more than half way from the midrib to the edge. Mauritius. Stove species. SYN. _A. macrophyllum_, of gardens only.

=A. nitidum= (shining).* _sti._ 1ft. long, naked. _fronds_ 2ft. to 3ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, with many lanceolate-deltoid pinnæ on each side, which are cut down to the rachis into numerous stalked deltoid pinnules, these are again cut into broad fan-shaped cuneate segments, sharply serrated round the outer edge. _sori_ short. North India, Ceylon, &c. Greenhouse species.

=A. novæ-caledoniæ= (New Caledonian).* _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 12in. long. _fronds_ 9in. to 12in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, sub-deltoid, tripinnate; lower pinnæ and pinnules deltoid; segments rigid, scarcely flattened, 1/2in. or more long, distant, and erecto-patent. _sori_ long, linear, marginal. New Caledonia. A rare greenhouse species. SYN. _Darea novæ-caledoniæ_.

=A. obtusatum= (obtuse). _sti._ tufted, 3in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 3in. to 4in. broad, oblong or ovate-deltoid, with a terminal pinna not much longer than the others, and two to six pairs on each side, which are 1in. to 2in. long and about 1/2in. broad, obtuse, edge crenate, the base truncato-cuneate, shortly stalked. _sori_ copious, broad, linear-oblong, falling short of the edge. Peru. _A. difforme_ is a variety with an ovate-deltoid frond, and the pinnæ cut quite down to a narrow-winged rachis in the lower part into distinctly separated roundish or oblong-sinuated pinnules. New Zealand, Australia, &c. Greenhouse kinds.

=A. o. lucidum= (clear).* _fronds_ often 2ft. long, with fifteen to twenty pairs of pinnæ on each side, which are more herbaceous in texture, darker green in colour, the lowest 6in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad, narrowed gradually to a long acuminated point, edge more deeply toothed. Greenhouse variety. SYN. _A. lucidum_.

=A. obtusifolium= (obtuse-leaved).* _sti._ almost tufted, 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, ovate-lanceo-late, with twelve to twenty stalked horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 2in. to 3in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, acute; edges slightly undulato-crenate, the upper side with a distinct auricle at the base, and then narrowed suddenly, the lower side obliquely truncate. _sori_ distant, in two regular rows, falling short of the edge. West Indies, &c., 1838. Stove species.

=A. obtusilobum= (obtuse-lobed).* _sti._ tufted, 2in. to 4in. long. _fronds_ 4in. to 6in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad, with nine to twelve sub-deltoid pinnæ on each side, of which only the inner third on the lower side is cut away, the largest nearly 1in. long, 3/4in. broad; lowest pinnules 3/8in. deep, flabellately cut into three to five linear blunt lobes. _sori_ sub-marginal. New Hebrides, 1861. A very pretty little stove species. SYN. _Darea obtusiloba_.

=A. odontites= (much-toothed). Synonymous with _A. flaccidum_.

=A. oxyphyllum= (sharp-leaved).* _sti._ firm, 6in. to 12in. long. _fronds_ 1ft. to 2ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, lanceolate, with several pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, in the larger forms again pinnatifid; teeth mucronate. _sori_ in two rows on the pinnæ or pinnules midway between the midrib and edge. Himalayas. A very variable greenhouse species. SYNS. _Athyrium oxyphylla_ and _Lastrea eburnea_.

=A. paleaceum= (scaly).* _sti._ densely tufted, 1in. to 3in. long, spreading, densely scaly. _fronds_ 6in. to 9in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad, sometimes proliferous and rooting at the apex, with twelve to twenty sub-sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. long, about 1/2in. broad, bluntish; edge inciso-dentate, the upper base auricled and narrowed suddenly, the lower obliquely-truncate; the lower ones stalked, and nearly as broad as long. _sori_ linear, extending nearly to the edge. Tropical Australia. Stove or warm greenhouse species.

=A. palmatum= (palmate). Synonymous with _A. Hemionitis_.

=A. parvulum= (small). Synonymous with _A. trilobum_.

=A. persicifolium= (Peach-leaved). _sti._ and _rachis_ grey, with a few scattered minute grey scales. _fronds_ oblong-lanceolate, 2ft. to 3ft. long, often gemmiferous at the apex; pinnæ ascending, fifteen to thirty-jugate, sub-petiolate, 4in. to 5in. long, linear-ligulate-acuminate, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, distinctly crenate throughout. _sori_ regular, reaching nearly to midrib and edge. Philippine and Sandwich Isles. Stove species.

=A. Petrarchæ= (Petrarch's).* _sti._ densely tufted, 1in. to 2in. long. _fronds_ 2in. to 3in. long, 1/2in. broad, linear-lanceolate, with six to ten horizontal sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 1/4in. long and nearly as much broad, cordate-ovate, blunt; edge sinuated; the base unequal, slightly truncate on the lower side. _sori_ oblong, very short, four to six on each side of the midrib. South Europe, 1819. A very rare little gem, best treated in a cool house.

=A. pinnatifidum= (pinnatifid). _sti._ tufted, 2in. to 4in. long. _fronds_ 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. or more broad at the base, lanceolate-deltoid, with a long, gradually narrowing point, which is sinuated only; the lobes below this 1/4in. to 1/2in. deep; the lowest ovate-oblong, 1/2in. deep by nearly as broad, sinuated and reaching down nearly to the rachis. _sori_ copious. Pennsylvania. Greenhouse or sheltered places outside.