Part 39

=A. Baptistii= (Baptist's).* _sti._ 6in. to 8in. long. _fronds_ 1ft. long, bipinnate, broadly ovate; pinnæ stipitate, the lower about 5in. long, with four narrow stipitate linear-toothed pinnules, 2in. long, and a terminal lobe, 3-1/2in. long, 1/4in. broad, furnished with distinct linear marginal teeth, pointing forwards, and terminating in a long attenuated point, which is toothed nearly to the end. _sori_ linear-oblong, straight, parallel with, and close to, the midrib. South Sea Islands, 1879. A very handsome stove species.

=A. Belangeri= (Belanger's).* _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 8in. long. _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, bipinnate; pinnæ numerous, 1in. to 1-1/2in. long, 1/2in. broad, rounded at the point, truncate at the base on the lower side; pinnules linear, erecto-patent, half line broad; one vein and sorus to each segment, the latter marginal. Malayan Peninsula. Stove species. SYNS. _A. Veitchianum_, _Darea_, _Belangeri_, &c.

=A. bipartitum= (twice-partite). _sti._ tufted, 3in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 8in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, bipinnate, with about ten to fifteen stalked pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 1-1/2in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, bluntish, cut down at the base on the upper side into one distinctly-stalked cuneate pinnule, sometimes into two or three, the outer edge inciso-crenate, the base on the lower side obliquely truncate. _sori_ in two regular rows, reaching nearly to the edge. Mascaren Isles. Stove species.

=A. bisectum= (bisected).* _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, bipinnatifid, with twenty to thirty horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 2in. to 3in. long, 1/4in. broad, with a very long, narrow, deeply inciso-pinnatifid upper portion, the base on the upper side narrowed suddenly, on the lower obliquely truncate. _sori_ almost all in two parallel rows close to the midrib. West Indies, &c. Stove species.

=A. brachypteron= (broadly-winged). _sti._ tufted, 2in. to 4in. long. _fronds_ 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad, bipinnate, with twelve to twenty-four horizontal pinnæ on each side, of which from half to nearly the whole of the lower side is cut away, the largest 1/2in. to 5/8in. long, cut down to the rachis into simple or forked linear pinnules, 1in. to 1-1/2in. long. _sori_ solitary, often quite marginal. Madagascar, &c. Stove species. SYN. _Darea brachypteron_.

=A. brevisorum= (shortly-soriate). _sti._ 12in. to 18in. long. _fronds_ 2ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 18in. broad, tripinnate; lower pinnæ 1ft. or more long; pinnules lanceolate, distant, 2in. to 3in. long, and 1-1/2in. broad; segments lanceolate, 3/4in. long, two lines broad, deeply and sharply toothed. _sori_ small, six to twelve to a segment, in two rows near the midrib, the lower ones curved, often double. Jamaica, &c. Stove species. SYN. _Athyrium brevisorum_.

=A. bulbiferum= (bulb-bearing). _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 12in. long. _fronds_ 1ft. to 2ft. long, 8in. to 12in. broad, oblong-deltoid, with numerous horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are often proliferous from the upper surface, the largest 4in. to 8in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad; pinnules lanceolate-deltoid, slightly toothed. _sori_ oblong, when mature often filling the whole breadth of the segments. New Zealand, &c., very widely distributed. Greenhouse species.

=A. b. Fabianum= (Fabia's). Lower segments deeply pinnatifid, with narrow divisions and sub-marginal sori. SYN. _A. Fabianum_.

=A. b. laxum= (loose). Habit more slender; segments narrow, so that the sori are often as if marginal.

=A. caudatum= (tailed). Probably a form of _A. falcatum_, but having the sori more confined to the centre of the pinnæ, being often restricted to two parallel rows close to the rachis. Polynesia, &c. Greenhouse species.

=A. Ceterach.=* Scale or Scaly Fern. _sti._ densely tufted, 1in. to 3in. long, scaly. _fronds_ 4in. to 6in. long, 1/2in to 1in. broad, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into alternate, blunt, sub-entire, broadly-oblong or roundish pinnæ, with a rounded sinus between them; upper surface naked, lower densely clothed with deep brown membranous scales. _sori_ linear oblique. Britain, throughout Europe, Northern Asia, &c. This is a variable species, but the forms do not remain constant under cultivation. It should be firmly planted in a vertical chink of the rockery in loam, lime rubbish, rock chippings, and sand, and be watered freely during the summer. SYN. _Ceterach officinarum_. See Fig. 170.

=A. C. aureum= (golden).* A large variety, producing fronds from 9in. to 15in. long, 1-1/2in. to 3in. broad, and pinnæ more oblong than the type; scales toothed. Canaries and Madeira. This is a charming fern, requiring greenhouse treatment. SYN. _Ceterach aureum_.

=A. cicutarium= (Cicuta-leaved).* _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 8in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, tripinnate, with ten to fifteen horizontal pinnæ on each side, the lower ones 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, cut down to the rachis into numerous ovate-rhomboidal pinnules, which are 3/8in. to 1/2in. long, 1/4in. broad, obliquely-truncate on the lower side; segments once or twice cleft at the apex. _sori_ principally in two rows along the pinnules. Tropical America, &c. Stove species.

=A. Colensoi= (Colenso's). _sti._ tufted, 3in. to 4in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, tripinnatifid, with numerous rather rigid erecto-patent pinnæ, the lower on stalks 1/4in. to 1/2in. long; lower pinnules spreading, deeply inciso-pinnatifid, with linear segments. _sori_ oblong, solitary. New Zealand. A beautiful greenhouse species. SYN. _A. Hookerianum_.

=A. compressum= (compressed). _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 8in. long. _fronds_ 2ft. to 3ft. long, 8in. to 12in. broad, simply pinnate, lanceolate-oblong, with ten to twenty sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, about 1in. broad, acute or bluntish at the point, edge slightly dentate, the upper ones decurrent at the base upon the stout fleshy compressed rachis, the upper side narrowed suddenly at about a right angle, the lower one obliquely truncate. _sori_ broad, distant, not reaching either the midrib or edge. St. Helena. Stove or greenhouse species.

=A. contiguum= (contiguous). _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, with twenty to thirty horizontal sub-falcate pinnæ on each side, which are acuminated at the apex; edge more or less serrated, the base narrowed suddenly, and sometimes auricled on the upper, obliquely truncate in a curve on the lower side. _sori_ close, copious, falling considerably short of the margin. Sandwich Isles. Greenhouse species.

=A. crenatum= (crenated).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, scattered. _fronds_ 9in. to 15in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate, with nine to twelve pinnæ on each side, the lowest much the largest, 6in. to 9in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, cut down to the rachis except towards the point on each side into four to six blunt oblong segments, two lines long, one line broad, which are bluntly toothed. _sori_ two to six to a segment, oblong, usually nearly straight, often double. Scandinavia, &c. Hardy species.

=A. cultrifolium= (hook-leaved).* _sti._ 4in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, bipinnate, deltoid-ovate, with a lobed terminal point and six to ten pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 4in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, acute; edge broadly toothed, sometimes lobed below nearly or quite to the rachis, the base nearly at a right angle on the upper, but obliquely truncate on the lower side. _sori_ falling short both of the edge and midrib. West Indies, 1820. Stove species. SYN. _Diplazium cultrifolium_.

=A. cuneatum= (wedge-shaped). _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 15in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, tripinnatifid, narrow-deltoid, with numerous spreading pinnæ on each side, the lower 3in. to 4in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into several distinct ovate-cuneate pinnules, which are dentate and cut down in the lower part nearly or quite to the rachis. _sori_ linear, sub-flabellate. West Indies, and widely distributed in both hemispheres, 1832. A very handsome stove species.

=A. Dalhousiæ= (Dalhouse's). Synonymous with _A. alternans_.

=A. decussatum= (decussate). _sti._ 1ft. to 2ft. long. _fronds_ 2ft. to 4ft. long, simply pinnate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, which are 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, often proliferous in the axils; edge nearly entire. _sori_ reaching nearly to the edge, and copiously double. Polynesian and Malayan Islands, &c. Stove species. SYN. _Anisogonium decussatum_.

=A. dentatum= (dentated).* _sti._ tufted, 2in. to 6in. long. _fertile fronds_ 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, with six to eight pairs of stalked, sub-opposite pinnæ, which are 1/2in. broad, 3/8in. deep, oblong-rhomboidal, the lower side at the base truncate in a curve, the outer edge irregularly crenate. _sterile fronds_ smaller, on shorter stalks. _sori_ copious, in two parallel rows. West Indies, &c., 1820. A pretty little greenhouse species.

=A. dimidiatum= (unequal-sided).* _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 12in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, deltoid, simply pinnate, with six to nine opposite pairs of pinnæ, which are 2in. to 3in. long, 3/4in. to 1in. broad, acuminated, sharply serrated. _sori_ radiant, narrow, long linear. Tropical America. Stove species.

=A. dimorphum= (two-formed).* _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 12in. long. _fronds_ 2ft. to 3ft. long, 12in. to 15in. broad, ovate-deltoid, sterile and fertile ones different or combined; lower pinnæ ovate-deltoid, 6in. to 8in. long, 2in. broad, bluntly toothed, and the base on the lower side obliquely truncate; fertile pinnæ the same size, but with very narrow simple or forked pinnules. _sori_ linear, solitary, marginal. Norfolk Island. One of the handsomest warm greenhouse species. SYNS. _A. diversifolium_ (of gardens), and _Darea dimorpha_.

=A. diplazioides= (Diplazium-like). A synonym of _A. Arnottii_.

=A. diversifolium= (diverse-leaved). A garden synonym of _A. dimorphum_.

=A. diversifolium= (diverse-leaved). Synonymous with _A. maximum_.

=A. ebeneum= (ebony-stalked).* _sti._ tufted, 3in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, linear-lanceolate, with twenty to forty sessile pinnæ on each side, which are about 1in. long, 1/8in. broad; point acute or bluntish; edge faintly serrate; base hastately auricled, often cordate. _sori_ ten to twelve on each side, oblong, short. Canada, &c., widely distributed, 1779. Greenhouse species. _A. ebenoides_ is very like this, but the pinnæ are not cut down to the rachis, and the frond has an elongated point, which is only sinuated with a single row of sori on each side.

=A. erectum= (erect). Synonymous with _A. lunulatum_.

=A. erosum= (bitten). _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, deltoid, with nine to fifteen pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 4in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, the edge slightly lobed and crenato-dentate, the point acuminate, the two sides unequal. _sori_ falling short of the edge. West Indies. Stove species.

=A. esculentum= (edible).* _cau._ sub-arborescent. _sti._ 1ft. to 2ft. long. _fronds_ 4ft. to 6ft. long, pinnate or bipinnate; lower pinnæ 12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 8in. broad; pinnules 3in. to 6in. long, about 1in. broad, acuminate; edge more or less deeply lobed; base narrowed suddenly, often auricled; lines of _sori_ often on all the lateral veinlets. India, &c., 1822. Stove species. SYN. _Anisogonium esculentum_.

=A. extensum= (extended). _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 12in. to 24in. long, about 1in. broad, with twenty to forty sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 1/2in. long, 1/4in. to 3/8in. deep, blunt and entire, the upper side rather the broadest and often cordate, the lower merely rounded at the base. _sori_ linear-oblong, two or three on each side of the midrib. Andes of Columbia and Peru. A very rare greenhouse species, allied to our native _A. Trichomanes_.

=A. Fabianum= (Fabia's). Synonymous with _A. bulbiferum Fabianum_.

=A. falcatum= (hooked).* _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, lanceolate, with six to twenty stalked, nearly horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 2in. to 3in. long, 1/2in. to 1in. broad, acuminated, the edges lobed often one-third of the way down, and the lobes sharply toothed, the two sides unequal, and the lower one at the base obliquely truncate. _sori_ in long irregular lines reaching nearly to the edge. Polynesian Islands, &c., widely distributed. A very elegant greenhouse species.

=A. fejeense= (Fijian).* _rhiz._ wide-climbing. _sti._ 6in. long, scaly below. _fronds_ 18in. to 24in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad, lanceolate, caudate, or acuminate at the apex, and often proliferous, narrowed below to a truncate base, the margin nearly entire. _sori_ reaching from the midrib nearly to the edges. Fiji, Samoa. &c. Stove species.

=A. Fernandesianum= (Juan Fernandez). A variety of _A. lunulatum_.

=A. Filix-fœmina= (Lady Fern).* _sti._ tufted, 6in. to 12in. long. _fronds_ 1ft. to 3ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, with numerous pinnate pinnæ, the lower ones spreading, lanceolate, 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad; pinnules deeply inciso-pinnatifid. _sori_ linear-oblong, the lower ones often curved. Britain, and world-wide in its distribution. SYN. _Athyrium Filix-fœmina_. This handsome deciduous species has a great number of varieties, the most important of which are described below:

=A. F.-f. acrocladon= (summit-branched).* _fronds_ 9in. to 15in. long, slender, bi- or tripinnate, the lower part very narrow, with the apices of the pinnæ sometimes crested; upper portion of the frond freely branched, divisions narrow and crested, the whole forming a broad head.

=A. F.-f. acuminatum= (taper-pointed).* _fronds_ 9in. to 12in. long, lanceolate-acuminate in outline, with closely set pinnæ, which are similarly characterised, and particularly tapering at the apices.

=A. F.-f. apiculatum= (apiculate).* _fronds_ 6in. to 15in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, lanceolate-acuminate in outline, with variously furcate apices; pinnæ closely set with distinctly acuminated apices, and small roundish obtuse serrated pinnules.

=A. F.-f. Applebyanum= (Appleby's).* _fronds_ narrow, 12in. to 24in. long, with short blunt pinnæ, while the extremities are dilated into a broad furcated crest, which is very striking upon such a narrow frond.

=A. F.-f. Barnesii= (Barnes's).* _fronds_ 9in. to 15in. long, 3in. to 4in. wide, lanceolate in outline, abrupt at the top, bipinnate; pinnæ alternate, closely set, lanceolate, acutely pointed, with densely set, narrow, acutely serrate pinnules, with a very membranous texture.

=A. F.-f. calothrix= (beautiful-hair).* _fronds_ 9in. to 15in. long, copiously divided into exquisitely fine segments, so that the fronds present a very light and delicate appearance.

=A. F.-f. contortum= (contorted).* _fronds_ very diversified, the various pinnæ occasionally combining the characters of the varieties _Applebyanum_ and _Victoriæ_.

=A. F.-f. coronatum= (coronate).* _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 2in. wide; pinnæ distinctly forked, sometimes slightly crested at the apices; the upper extremity of the frond copiously forked, and by the ramification of the divisions a broad crest is formed, about 3in. to 4in. across.

=A. F.-f. corymbiferum= (corymbose).* _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 7in. broad, lanceolate-acuminate in general outline; pinnæ closely set, usually forked and crested at the apices, while the extremities of the fronds are dilated into broad crests, nearly or quite as wide at the broadest portion of the frond.

=A. F.-f. crispum= (crispy or curled).* _fronds_ 6in. long, densely set with very finely divided pinnæ, which are thickly curled, presenting a crispy appearance.

=A. F.-f. dissectum= (dissected).* _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, ovate or broadly lanceolate in form, with irregular and unequal pinnæ; the pinnules also differ very much, and are deeply cut, nearly down to the rachises.

=A. F.-f. Elworthii= (Elworth's).* _fronds_ 12in. to 20in. long, lanceolate, tripinnate, terminated with a very dense crest, from 4in. to 6in. across; pinnæ and frequently the pinnules also more or less forked and crested.

=A. F.-f. Fieldiæ= (Field's).* _fronds_ 12in. to 20in. long, narrow, with regular or variously-forked divided pinnæ, sometimes arranged crosswise, with a very graceful disposition.

=A. F.-f. Friselliæ= (Frisell's).* _fronds_ pendent, sometimes 2ft. long, rarely exceeding 1in. wide, bi- or tripinnate; pinnæ alternate, imbricated, flabellate, with the margins of the pinnules or ultimate divisions dentated.

=A. F.-f. grandiceps= (large-crested).* _fronds_ 9in. to 15in. long, lanceolate in outline, copiously forked both at the extremities of the pinnæ and frond. The latter is furnished with a very large globose crest, which causes the frond to present a beautifully arched appearance.

=A. F-f. Grantæ= (Grant's).* _fronds_ 9in. to 12in. long, lanceolate, or broadly so, very thickly set with pinnæ, copiously divided, with the apices of the latter turned up, so that the plant has a crisp or bristly appearance.

=A. F.-f. Jonesii= (Jones's).* _fronds_ 12in. to 18in. long, oblong-lanceolate in outline, slightly acuminate, bipinnate, furnished at the extremities with a small crest; pinnæ alternate, copiously forked and crested at the apices, even having larger crests than the one at the upper extremity of the frond; pinnules narrow, dentate, slightly crested.

=A. F.-f. minimum= (smallest).* _fronds_ 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. wide, lanceolate, bipinnate; pinnules densely set, imbricated, and crispy.

=A. F.-f. Moorei= (Moore's).* _fronds_ 4in. to 8in. long, linear, terminated with a broad tasselled crest, 3in. or more in diameter; pinnæ small, scattered, variously forked, crested, and slender.

=A. F.-f. multifidum= (many-fid).* A very vigorous growing variety, producing fronds as large as those of the type, terminated with large tasselled crests; pinnæ and pinnules narrow, the former furnished with small crested apices. A variety known as _nanum_ much resembles the foregoing, but the crests are more dense, and the fronds are usually not more than half the length.

=A. F.-f. pannosum= (pannose).* _fronds_ 10in. to 20in. long, lanceolate in outline, from 4in. to 6in. in the broadest part, bi- or (rarely) tripinnate; pinnæ thickly set, closely alternated, lanceolate-acuminate in form, with deep cut pinnules, and distinctly but irregularly lobed; the whole frond is frequently tinged with reddish-purple.

=A. F.-f. plumosum= (feathery).* _fronds_ 12in. to 30in. long, 4in. to 10in. broad, broadly lanceolate in outline, tripinnate, beautifully arched; pinnæ of the same form as the frond, copiously divided; pinnules again divided into very fine segments. There are several forms of this charming variety.

=A. F.-f. Pritchardii= (Pritchard's).* _fronds_ 12in. to 30in. long, very narrow, tapering especially towards the apices; pinnæ decussate, imbricate, rather irregular, with the margins of the pinnules dentate. There is also a variety named _cristatum_, which is finely crested at the apices of the pinnæ, and is particularly striking.

=A. F.-f. ramosa= (branched).* _fronds_ 9in. to 12in. long, the lower portion sparsely set with short irregular pinnæ, sharply cut into finely dentate pinnules; the upper part is divided into two main branches, which are again variously forked, and furnished with short pinnæ, the ultimate divisions furcate and slightly crested.

=A. F.-f. scopæ= (heavily-crested).* _fronds_ 6in. to 16in. long, with a few scattered irregular pinnæ along the main rachis; some of the pinnæ are almost obsolete, while others are an inch long with oblong-dentate pinnules and a heavy terminal crest; the upper portion has several ramifications, each of which is copiously forked and heavily crested, the whole forming a corymbose head 3in. or 4in. in diameter, which gives the plant a pendent habit.

=A. F.-f. sub-lunatum= (half-crescent-shaped).* _fronds_ 9in. to 20in. long, less than 1in. wide, with curious alternated, nearly crescent-shaped, much contracted pinnæ, sparingly divided, arching.

=A. F.-f. Victoriæ= (Victoria's).* _fronds_ long, lanceolate in outline, with the apices crested, as well as those of the pinnæ; the latter are forked at the base, the divisions being divergent, and crossing those of the neighbouring pinnæ. A form named _gracilis_ has narrower fronds, is more compact, and cresting rather thicker. There is also another form named _lineare_, having very small heavily crested fronds, and an extremely elegant appearance. The foregoing are the most important varieties, but a very comparative few of the total number. Although forms of an essentially hardy species, the greater number--and particularly the rarer sorts--should have a winter protection; or, what is far more preferable and satisfactory, they should be grown in the frame or temperate fernery.

=A. firmum= (firm-textured). Synonymous with _A. abscissum_.

=A. fissum= (cut).* _sti._ tufted, 2in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 2in. to 5in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid, with a few distant pinnæ on each side; pinnules flabellato-cuneate, deeply pinnatifid; ultimate segments under half a line broad. _sori_ linear-oblong, when mature occupying the whole breadth of the segments. South Europe. A pretty little frame or greenhouse species.

=A. flabellifolium= (fan-leaved).* _sti._ tufted, 3in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ procumbent, wide straggling, elongated, and rooting at the apex, 6in. to 12in. long, 3/4in. to 1in. broad, with ten to fifteen sessile flabellate pinnæ on each side, which are 1/4in. to 1/2in. each way, broadly lobed; lobes sharply toothed, the base cut away in a curve on the lower side. _sori_ oblique, irregular, copious. Temperate Australia, &c. Greenhouse species.

=A. f. majus= (greater). This is a larger form, with longer fronds and broader pinnæ.