Part 3

=A. brachybotrya= (short-bunched).* _fl._ yellow, in axillary stalked globular heads. April. _l._ phyllodia silvery silky, obliquely obovate, or oblong. _h._ 8ft. Swan River. SYN. _A. argyrophylla_.

=A. Catechu= (catechu). _fl._ yellow; spikes cylindrical, solitary, twin, or tern, axillary. March. _l._ with ten pairs of pinnæ, each of which bears forty to fifty pairs of linear pubescent leaflets. _h._ 20ft. to 40ft. East Indies, 1790.

=A. cavenia= (Cavenia).* _fl._ yellow, disposed in globose heads, peduncles, axillary, aggregate. _l._ with usually about five pairs of pinnæ, each of which bears nine to ten pairs of linear-oblong leaflets, clothed with scabrous pubescence. _h._ 20ft. Chili. Greenhouse species.

=A. cochlearis= (spoon-leaved). _fl._ yellow, in solitary globular heads. April. _l._ phyllodia linear lanceolate, many-nerved at the base, quite entire, mucronate. _h._ 4ft. West Australia, 1818. SYN. _A. Benthami_.

=A. cultriformis= (knife-formed).* _fl._ yellow, in crowded heads, disposed in either axillary or terminal racemes. April. _l._ phyllodia eight to ten lines long, four lines broad, cultriform, ending in an acute hooked point, which bears to one side. _h._ 4ft. New South Wales, 1820.

=A. cuneata= (wedge-shaped).* _fl._ yellow. April. Swan River, 1837. Greenhouse species.

=A. cyanophylla= (blue-leaved). _fl._ yellow; racemes axillary; heads globose. March. _l._ phyllodia lanceolate, often 1ft. long, glaucous green, almost blue; branches drooping. _h._ 18ft. Swan River, 1838. Arboreous.

=A. dealbata= (whitened).* The Silver Wattle. _fl._ yellow, in pedicellate heads, disposed in racemes along the axillary branches. July. _l._ from ten to twenty pairs of pinnæ, each of which bears thirty to thirty-five pairs of linear, much crowded pubescent leaflets. _h._ 10ft. to 20ft. Australia and Tasmania, 1820.

=A. diffusa= (spreading). _fl._ yellow, in globular heads, which are usually twin. May. _l._ phyllodia linear, one-nerved, ending in an oblique acumen; branches diffusely procumbent, angular. _h._ 2ft. Victoria and Tasmania, 1814.

=A. Drummondi= (Drummond's).* _fl._ pale lemon; spikes axillary, drooping, cylindrical, simple. April. _l._ with two pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing two to three pairs of linear obtuse leaflets. Plant unarmed, silky. _h._ 10ft. Swan River. Very handsome and one of the best grown, forming a somewhat dwarf shrub.

=A. Farnesiana= (Farnesian). _fl._ yellow, sweet-scented, disposed in axillary, usually twin, unequally pedunculate heads. July. _l._ with five to eight pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing from fifteen to twenty pairs of linear glabrous leaflets. _h._ 6ft. to 10ft. St. Domingo, 1656. Greenhouse species.

=A. glauca= (milky white).* _fl._ white; spikes globose, stalked, axillary, usually twin. July. _l._ with four to six pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing about twelve to fifteen pairs of linear, distant, acute leaflets, which are glaucous beneath. _h._ 5ft. to 10ft. South America, 1690.

=A. glaucescens= (greyish). _fl._ yellow; spikes twin, but solitary on the peduncles, axillary. June. _l._ phyllodia linear-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, falcate, three-nerved. _h._ 6ft. to 8ft. Queensland, 1822. SYN. _A. homomalla_.

=A. grandis= (great).* _fl._ yellow; heads globular; peduncles solitary or twin, axillary, one-headed. February to May. _l._ with one pair of pinnæ, each pinna bearing eight to ten pairs of linear-lanceolate leaflets; branches hairy. _h._ 6ft. West Australia, 1850. A variety of _A. pulchella_.

=A. heterophylla= (variable-leaved).* _fl._ yellow, in heads, disposed in a kind of raceme. May. _l._ phyllodia linear, attenuated at both ends, many-nerved. _h._ 5ft. Isle of Bourbon, 1824. _A. amœna_ is very like this.

=A. hispidissima= (hairiest). A variety of _A. pulchella_.

=A. holosericea= (all silky). _fl_. yellow, in axillary spikes, usually twin. May. _l._ 6in. long, oblong-lanceolate, ending in a soft point at the apex, three-nerved. _h._ 10ft. to 20ft. Australia, 1818. The whole aspect of this tree is silky. SYN. _A. leucophylla_.

=A. homomalla= (equal-woolled). A synonym of _A. glaucescens_.

=A. Hugelii= (Baron Hugel's). _fl._ pale yellow. February. West Australia, 1846. Greenhouse species.

=A. ixiophylla= (Ixia-leaved). _fl._ yellow; heads about twenty-flowered; peduncles downy, shortly racemose or solitary. March. _l._ narrow, oblong-lanceolate, sub-falcate, obtuse, obliquely mucronate, much branched. _h._ 2ft. New South Wales, 1844.

=A. juniperina= (juniper-leaved). _fl._ yellow, in solitary heads. May. _l._ linear-subulate, ending in a pungent point; branches terete, pubescent. _h._ 6ft. Australia and Tasmania, 1790. Greenhouse.

=A. Lebbek= (Lebbek).* _fl._ yellow, sweet-scented; heads many-flowered, pedunculate, three or four together, from the crowded upper nodes. May. _l._ with two to four pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing about six to eight pairs of oval, somewhat dimidiate leaflets, which are obtuse at both ends. _h._ 20ft. East and West Indies, 1823. Stove species.

=A. leprosa= (leprous). _fl._ yellow, mostly five-parted, numerous in a globular head; peduncles mostly in pairs or clusters, 1/4in. long. May. _l._ narrow, linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse with a small callous point, narrowed at base, 1-1/2in. to 3in. long, those of the barren shoots broader. Branchlets pendulous, more or less glutinous. Australia, 1817. (B. R. 1441.)

=A. leucophylla= (white-leaved). A synonym of _A. holosericea_.

=A. lineata= (lined). _fl._ yellow, mostly five-parted, ten to fifteen or rarely more in a small, globular head; peduncles slender, rarely exceeding the leaves. April. _l._ linear, with a small hooked point, about 1/2in., rarely 3/4in., long, one-nerved. Branches nearly terete, usually pubescent or villous. _h._ 6ft. Australia, 1824. (B. M. 3346.)

=A. l. longissima= (longest). Synonymous with _A. longissima_.

=A. longifolia= (long-leaved).* _fl._ yellow; spikes loose, axillary, cylindrical. March. _l._ phyllodia linear-lanceolate, narrowed at each end, three-nerved, striated. _h._ 10ft. Australia, 1792. A fine erect-growing greenhouse species.

=A. longissima= (longest-leaved). _fl._ yellow; spikes several, axillary, generally branched. May. _l._ phyllodia very long, filiform, one-nerved, spreading. _h._ 4ft. New South Wales, 1819. Stove species. SYN. _A. linearis longissima_.

=A. lunata= (half-moon).* _fl._ yellow; heads disposed in racemes, which are longer than the phyllodia. April. _l._ phyllodia obliquely oblong, rather falcate, narrowed at the base, terminating in an oblique callous mucrone. _h._ 2ft. to 4ft. Australia, 1810. Greenhouse species. SYN. _A. oleæfolia_.

=A. melanoxylon= (black wooded). _fl._ yellow; heads few, disposed in a kind of raceme. April. _l._ phyllodia lanceolate-oblong, rather falcate, obtuse, quite entire, many-nerved. _h._ 6ft. to 10ft. Australia, 1818. Greenhouse species.

=A. mollissima= (softest-leaved).* _fl._ yellow; heads pedicellate, disposed in racemes along the axillary peduncles. July. _l._ with eight to eighteen pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing thirty to forty pairs of linear, much crowded, pubescent leaflets, which are clothed with yellowish velvety down when young; branches and petioles angular. _h._ 10ft. to 20ft. Van Diemens Land, 1810.

=A. oleæfolia= (olive-leaved). A synonym of _A. lunata_.

=A. oxycedrus= (sharp-cedrus).* _fl._ yellow; spikes axillary, solitary, elongated. April. _l._ phyllodia scattered, or somewhat verticillate, lanceolate-linear, ending in a pungent point, three-nerved. _h._ 6ft. to 10ft. New South Wales, 1823. Greenhouse species.

=A. paradoxa= (paradoxical). _fl._ yellow, disposed in solitary heads. March. _l._ phyllodia obliquely oblong-lanceolate, entire, wavy, one-nerved; branches clammy, glabrous. _h._ 6ft. New Holland. Greenhouse species.

=A. penninervis= (feather-nerved). _fl._ yellow; heads about the size of a pea, racemose. April. _l._ phyllodia oblong, acuminated at both ends, straight, 2in. to 3in. long, 1/2in. broad, feather veined. _h._ 4ft. to 6ft. New Holland, 1824.

=A. platyptera= (broad-winged).* _fl._ yellow; heads solitary, on short peduncles. March. _l._ phyllodia short, bifarious, decurrent, obliquely truncate, mucronate; branches broadly winged. _h._ 3ft., Swan River, 1840. Greenhouse species.

=A. pubescens= (downy).* _fl._ yellow; heads small, globose pedicellate, disposed in racemes along the axillary peduncles. March. _l._ with three to ten pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing six to eighteen pairs of linear glabrous leaflets. _h._ 6ft. to 10ft. Branches terete, hairy. New Holland, 1790.

=A. pulchella= (pretty).* _fl._ yellow; heads solitary. April. _l._, pinnæ bearing five to seven pairs of oblong-ovate, obtuse leaflets. _h._ 2ft. to 3ft. New Holland, 1803. Greenhouse species. The variety _hispidissima_ has white flowers.

=A. Riceana= (Rice's).* _fl._ pale yellow, in long, solitary, axillary spikes. May. _l._ linear, in clusters, dark green, scattered or whorled. _h._ 20ft. Tasmania. Habit graceful, like a weeping willow. Very handsome and distinct. SYN. _A. setigera_. See Fig. 5.

=A. rotundifolia= (round-leaved). _fl._ yellow; heads globose, solitary, on long peduncles. March. _l._ phyllodia on short petioles, obliquely rounded, obtuse or retuse, mucronate. Branches angular, puberulous. _h._ 6ft. New Holland, 1842.

=A. saligna= (willow-like). _fl._ yellow; heads solitary, on short peduncles. March. _l._ phyllodia linear, attenuated at both ends, quite entire, almost nerveless. _h._ 6ft. to 10ft. New Holland, 1818. Greenhouse species.

=A. Senegal= (Senegal). Gum Senegal. _fl._ white, small, glabrous, distant; spikes axillary, solitary, slender. _l._ with five to eight pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing fifteen to eighteen pairs of oblong-linear, obtuse, glabrous leaflets; branches white; prickles sometimes wanting. _h._ 20ft. Arabia, 1823. Stove species.

=A. setigera= (bristly). Synonymous with _A. Riceana_.

=A. sophoræ= (sophora-podded). _fl._ yellow; spikes usually twin, axillary. May. _l._ phyllodia obovate, oblong or lanceolate, quite entire, many nerved; sometimes there are bipinnate leaves at the tops of the branches. _h._ 20ft. New Holland, 1805.

=A. sphærocephala= (round-headed).* _fl._ yellow; racemes axillary, usually twin, ovate-roundish. _l._ with numerous close-set linear falcate pinnules, which are usually tipped by a glandular yellow "food body;" spines twin, hollow. Mexico. A very remarkable stove species, inhabited by ants during certain seasons in its native country.

=A. uncinifolia= (hook-leaved). _fl._ yellow; spikes usually twin, dense, on short peduncles, cylindrical. March. _l._ phyllodia long, linear-subulate, flat, recurved, mucronate, three-nerved; branches angular. _h._ 6ft. Swan River, 1846.

=A. vera= (true). Egyptian Thorn; Gum Arabic. _fl._ white, usually in twin heads, pedunculate, axillary. July. _l._ with two pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing eight to ten pairs of oblong linear leaflets; branches and spines red. _h._ 20ft. Egypt, 1596.

=A. verticillata= (whorl-leaved).* _fl._ yellow; spikes axillary, solitary, oblong. March. _l._ phyllodia linear, ending in a pungent mucrone, disposed somewhat verticillately. _h._ 6ft. to 10ft. A spreading, prickly, greenhouse species, of variable habit. New Holland, 1780.

=A. vestita= (clothed).* _fl._ yellow, in loosely racemose heads, along the peduncles; upper ones solitary. June. _l._ phyllodia obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, one-nerved, ending in an awnlike mucrone, hispid. _h._ 4ft. New Holland, 1820.

=A. viscidula= (clammy).* _fl._ yellow; heads globular, on short stalks, axillary, solitary or twin. February. _l._ linear, clammy; branches slender, clammy. _h._ 6ft., erect. New South Wales, 1844.

=ACÆNA= (from _akaina_, a thorn; in allusion to the slender spines on the calyx or fruit). ORD. _Rosaceæ_. A genus of dwarf sub-shrubby plants. Flowers capitate, or interruptedly spicate, uninteresting; petals absent. Leaves alternate, impari-pinnate. Excepting for rockwork, or as edgings to flower beds, they are not of much value; their habit is, however, very compact and neat. They require similar treatment to other hardy herbaceous plants, in ordinary soil. Increased by cuttings, creeping rootlets, divisions, and by seeds.

=A. microphylla= (small-leaved).* _fl._ green, small, in close heads, furnished with showy, long crimson spines. Summer. _l._ small, pinnate. _h._ 1in. to 2in. New Zealand. A neat evergreen with a compact and cushion-like growth; it is a very effective subject for the rock garden, and grows freely in most situations. The crimson globular heads of spine-formed calyces form a conspicuous and ornamental feature of the plant. SYN. _A. Novæ Zealandiæ_. See Fig. 6.

=A. millefolia= (myriad-leaved).* _fl._ inconspicuous. A very distinct species with finely-cut pale green leaves. The fruiting spikes of this are not collected in globular heads, as in the others, and their presence detract from its value as an ornamental plant. Otherwise, it is very graceful.

=A. myriophylla= (many-leaved).* _fl._ green, small, in rounded spikes. June. _l._ pinnate; leaflets deeply cut. _h._ 6in. to 1ft. Chili, 1828. Small, fern-like.

=A. Novæ Zealandiæ= (New Zealand). A synonym of _A. microphylla_.

=A. ovalifolia= (oval-leaved). _fl._ green. Summer. _h._ 9in. Chili, 1868. Good for rock gardens.

=A. pulchella= (pretty).* _fl._ inconspicuous. A pretty bronzy-leaved species, admirably suited for rockwork crevices, where space is no object. It grows very rapidly, and forms handsome tufts.

=ACALYPHA= (the name given by Hippocrates to the Nettle). ORD. _Euphorbiaceæ_. Stove ornamental and variegated nettle-like leaved shrubs. Flowers greenish or reddish, inconspicuous, in erect or drooping bracted axillary or terminal spikes; those of the upper portion sterile, of the lower, fertile. The undermentioned only are those most worthy of cultivation. They are very easily grown, with ordinary stove treatment, and in a peat and loam compost. When well cultivated, the leaves of the hybridised varieties are highly coloured, but rather coarse than otherwise. Increased by cuttings under a glass in sandy soil, in stove heat, during April.

=A. Macafeeana= (Macafee's). _l._ red, blotched with bronzy crimson. 1877.

=A. macrophylla= (large-leaved).* _l._ cordate ovate, russet brown, blotched with paler spots. The best and handsomest stove species.

=A. marginata= (margined). _l._ large, very hairy, ovate-acuminate, centre brown, with a distinct margin of rosy carmine, about 1/4in. wide. Fiji Islands, 1875.

=A. musaica= (mosaic).* _l._ bronzy green, variegated with orange and dull red. Polynesia, 1877.

=A. torta= (twisted). _l._ dark olive, tinted green; margin cut into blunt, oblong segments. Samoan Islands. Remarkable for its curiously contorted foliage. It has erect stems, which are terete, and covered by the leaves in a very singular way.

=A. tricolor= (three-coloured). A synonym of _A. Wilkesiana_.

=A. Wilkesiana= (Wilkes').* _l._ ovate-acuminate, curiously blotched, mottled, and splashed with red and crimson; ground colour coppery green. _h._ 6ft. to 10ft. New Hebrides, 1866. SYN. _A. tricolor_.

=A. W. marginata= (Wilkes's margined).* _l._ large, olive brown, margined with rosy carmine. Fiji Islands, 1875.

=ACANTHACEÆ.= A large order of soft-wooded, herbaceous plants, usually having gamopetalous axillary flowers; calyx composed of deeply imbricated scales; bracts large, leafy.

=ACANTHEPHIPPIUM= (the derivation of this word is not apparent). ORD. _Orchideæ_. A peculiar class of terrestrial stove orchids. Flowers rather large, racemose, few; sepals combined in a broad oblique pitcher, including the petals, which are adnate to the base of the column; column short, produced into a long foot. Pseudo-bulbs oblong. Leaves few, large, longer than the scapes. The best species are the two first-mentioned. They will thrive well in sandy peat, with a quantity of small stones, broken pots, or gravel. A great deal of heat and moisture are absolutely essential during the growing period. Propagated, as soon as growth commences, by dividing the pseudo-bulbs.

=A. bicolor= (two-coloured).* _fl._ purple and yellow, about 2in. long, campanulate, produced in clusters of three or four together; petals oblong-lanceolate, acutish; lateral lobes of lip rounded. June. _h._ 9in. Ceylon, 1833.

=A. Curtisii= (Curtis's).* _fl._ same shape as above (except the lip), with numerous purple spots, light rose, and flush; column white, nail of lip yellow, keels yellowish, laciniæ white with purple. Malay Archipelago, 1881. The five keels between the side laciniæ distinguish it from the foregoing species and _A. sylhetense_.

=A. javanicum= (Javanese).* _fl._ yellow and red, with distinct longitudinal stripes; petals triangular; lip three-lobed; lateral lobes truncate; intermediate lobe constricted in middle, ovate, and tuberculate at the apex, fleshy on both sides at base, with truncate emarginate inflexed teeth. September. _h._ 1-1/2ft. Java, 1843.

=A. sylhetense= (Sylhet). _fl._ white, with many irregular spots and blotches towards the extremities of the outer portions. June. _h._ 9in. Sylhet, 1837.

=ACANTHOLIMON= (from _akanthos_, a spine, and _limon_, sea lavender). ORD. _Plantagineæ_. Dwarf hardy tufted evergreen plants, distinguished from allied genera in having sharp-pointed rigid leaves. They are of rather slow growth, thriving best in a sandy soil, and sunny position, on rockwork more particularly. The flowers are similar to _Statice_ and _Armeria_. Increased by seeds (which germinate slowly), sown carefully on a warm but rather shaded border, and transplanted when large enough to handle; or by cuttings and very carefully made divisions. The cuttings should be made in late summer, and placed in a frame, to remain there during the winter.

=A. glumaceum= (prickly).* _fl._ rose, spicate, about 1/2in. across, six to eight in a spikelet. Summer. _l._ densely packed and sharply pointed with spines. _h._ 6in. Armenia, 1851. Very compact and distinct. SYN. _Statice Ararati_.

=A. Kotschyi= (Kotschy's). _fl._ white. A good species, but very rarely seen in British gardens.

=A. venustum= (charming).* _fl._ rose, spicate, from twelve to twenty in each spike. Summer. _l._ broader than in the last, and glaucous. _h._ 6in. or 8in. Cilicia, 1873. A rare and handsome alpine. Larger than the preceding. See Fig. 7.

=ACANTHOPHŒNIX= (from _akantha_, a spine, and _phoinix_, the Date Palm). ORD. _Palmæ_. A very elegant stove palm, differing from _Areca_ principally in habit, and requiring a light sandy soil and a summer temperature of 65deg. to 80deg., winter 55deg. to 65deg. Increased by seeds only; these germinate best in a moist bottom heat, and a well decomposed compost of one part loam, one of peat, one of leaf mould, and the remainder of sand. They may remain in this soil for two or three years.

=A. crinita= (hairy).* _fl._ spirally arranged, in threes, the central one being female. _l._ the fronds are arched, broadly ovate in outline, pectinately pinnate in division, with long linear acuminate segments, paler beneath. The stem is densely armed with black, needle-shaped spines, and much swollen towards the base. Seychelles, 1868.

=ACANTHORHIZA= (from _akantha_, a spine, and _rhiza_, a root). ORD. _Palmæ_. A small genus of stove palms, differing from _Trithrinax_ by the aërial roots of the trunk hardening into spines (which are horizontal or pointed upwards), and by the blade of the leaf being divided down to the petiole. They delight in a rich loamy soil, and are propagated by seeds, in a moist, sweet hotbed, in spring.

=A. aculeata= (spiny).* _l._ orbicular, palmately slit into numerous linear-lanceolate, glabrous segments, deep-green above, silvery beneath; petioles slender; the trunk is covered with a network of branching spines. Mexico, 1879. SYN. _Chamærops stauracantha_.

=A. Wallisii= (Wallis's).* A recent introduction from tropical America, and not yet much cultivated; it is a tall palm with orbicular palmate leaves.

=A. Warzcewiczii= (Warzcewicz's).* This differs from the preceding species by its more irregularly divided leaf blade, which is white below. Tropical America.

=ACANTHOSTACHYUM= (from _akanthos_, a spine, and _stachys_, a spike). ORD. _Bromeliaceæ_. A monotypic genus of stove evergreen herbaceous plants; of easy culture in a compost of equal parts sand, decayed wood, and rotten leaves. Propagated by suckers, which strike readily in bottom heat.

=A. strobilacea= (cone-fruited). _fl._ red and yellow; scape simple, long, scurfy; bracts coloured. June. _l._ radical, very long, incurved, narrow, thick, pungent, channelled, spiny-toothed, covered with white scurf. _h._ 4ft. Brazil, 1840.

=ACANTHUS= (from _akanthos_, a spine; several species being spiny or prickly). Bear's Breech. ORD. _Acanthaceæ_. A group of stately, ornamental perennial plants, mostly hardy, remarkable for their vigorous growth and beautiful foliage. Flowers sessile, crowded, spicate; corolla tubular, one-lipped; lip three lobed. To attain perfection they require a deep soil, and a situation fully exposed to the sun. They will, however, thrive moderately well in common soil and partial shade. The habit being generally a bold one, they are most suited for isolated tufts, backgrounds of mixed borders, and the wild garden. Propagated by seeds, sown in gentle heat, or by division of the roots, in autumn or early spring.

=A. carduifolius= (thistle-leaved). _fl._ blue. August. _h._ 3ft. Cape of Good Hope, 1816. Greenhouse species.

=A. hispanicus= (Spanish). _fl._ white. August. _l._ large, shining, and deeply cut. _h._ 2ft. Spain, 1700.

=A. longifolius= (long-leaved).* _fl._ purple, rose, in the axils of the bracts, which are oval, acuminate, spiny, of a reddish hue, forming a spike nearly 1ft. long. June. _l._ radical, 2ft. to 3ft. long; numerous. _h._ 3ft. to 4-1/2ft. Dalmatia, 1869.

=A. lusitanicus= (Portugal). Synonymous with _A. mollis latifolius_.

=A. mollis= (soft).* _fl._ white or rose, sessile in the axils of the deeply-toothed bracts; spikes about 1-1/2ft. Summer. _l._ sinuated, unarmed, heart-shaped in outline, 2ft. long by 1ft. broad. _h._ 3ft. to 4ft. Italy, 1548.

=A. m. latifolius= (broad-leaved).* A variety of _A. mollis_, but larger and more robust in every part. This very handsome form is probably the best grown; it is one of the most suitable for sub-tropical gardening. A warm sunny spot is needful. SYN. _A. lusitanicus_. See Fig. 8.

=A. montanus= (mountain).* _fl._ rose. August. _h._ 3ft. West Africa, 1865. A shrubby species.