Part 24

=A. multifida= (many-cleft).* _fl._ red, whitish yellow, or citron colour, small; sepals five to ten, elliptical, obtuse; peduncles three, one-flowered, one of which is naked and earlier, the other two longer, and bearing two-leaved multifid involucels on their middle. June. _l._ radical ones ternate; segments cuneated, three parted, multifid, with linear lobes; those of the involucrum multifid, on short petioles. _h._ 6in. to 12in. North America. Border or rockery. SYN. _A. Hudsoniana_.

=A. narcissiflora= (Narcissus-flowered).* _fl._ usually cream coloured, sometimes purplish on the outside; umbels generally many-flowered; pedicels in some instances twice or three times longer than the involucrum, and in others very short; sepals five or six, ovate or oval, blunt or acute. May. _l._ radical ones palmately three to five parted; lobes deeply toothed; lobules linear, acute; those of the involucrum three to five cleft. _h._ about 1ft. Europe, North America, 1773. An extremely variable and beautiful species. Rockery. See Fig. 98.

=A. nemorosa= (grove).* Wood Anemone. _fl._ generally white; sepals six, elliptical; scapes one-flowered. March. _l._ ternate; segments trifid, deeply toothed, lanceolate, acute; involucral leaves stalked. _h._ 6in. This species varies greatly in the colour of its flowers. It is a most beautiful little plant, frequent in our native woods, and suitable for planting in shaded shrubberies, &c. Tuberous rooted.

=A. n. cœrulea=, (blue),* from the North-west States of America, is very near, if not identical with, the variety _Robinsoniana_, of our native woods.

=A. n. flore-pleno= (double-flowered).* _fl._ pure white, over 1in. across, solitary, double. This is an exceedingly pretty plant, and remains in beauty considerably longer than the type. It should be grown in large clumps, and in rich loam.

=A. n. Robinsoniana= (Robinson's).* _fl._ bright azure blue, large, over 1-1/2in. in diameter. A charming variety for the rockery or border, and one of the prettiest in the whole genus.

=A. n. rosea= (rosy).* A very pretty form, with rose-coloured flowers, of which there is a double flowered sub-variety; there is also a double form of the type, named _bracteata_ _fl.-pl._, white flowers, surrounded with a large involucrum.

=A. obtusiloba= (blunt-lobed-leaved). _fl._ cream coloured; sepals five, obovate; peduncles two to three, one-flowered, villous, naked, or the lateral ones are bracteate. June. _l._ three lobed cordate, and are, as well as petioles, very villous; segments broadly cuneated, and deeply crenate; involucral leaves trifid. Himalaya, 1843. This species requires a warm and sheltered position.

=A. palmata= (palmate).* _fl._ golden yellow; sepals ten to twelve, oblong, obtuse; scape one, rarely two, flowered. May. _l._ cordate, sub-orbicular, bluntly three to five-lobed, toothed; involucral leaves trifid. South-west Europe, 1597. A white flowered variety, though scarce, is in cultivation, and is very pretty. True alpines, which should be grown on the rockery, where the soil is both rich and deep, with a somewhat damp situation. Tuberous rooted.

=A. patens= (spreading).* _fl._ purplish, or rarely yellow, erect, spreading, in the involucre almost sessile; sepals five to six. June. _l._ pinnate, rising after the flowers; segments three parted; lobes toothed at the top. Northern Europe, &c., 1752.

=A. p. Nuttalliana= (Nuttall's).* _fl._ purple, sometimes cream coloured, erect, villous on the outside; sepals five or six, erect, connivent. June. _l._ three parted; segments cuneate, trifid, cut; lobes linear-lanceolate, elongated; those of the involucre with linear lobes. _h._ 1ft. North America, 1826. A pretty border plant.

=A. pavonina= (peacock). Synonymous with _A. stellata_.

=A. pennsylvanica= (Pennsylvanian). Synonymous with _A. dichotoma_.

=A. pratensis= (meadow).* _fl._ dark purple, pendulous; sepals six, erect, reflexed at the top, acute. May. _l._ pinnate, many parted; lobes linear. _h._ 6in. to 12in. Northern Europe, &c., 1731. Differs chiefly from the following species in having smaller flowers, sepals narrower and more acute, connivent at base, and reflexed at apex. SYN. _Pulsatilla pratensis_.

=A. Pulsatilla= (common Pulsatilla).* Pasque Flower. _fl._ generally violet, sub-erect; sepals six, spreading, externally silky, very handsome. April. _l._ pinnate; segments many parted; lobes linear. _h._ 6in. to 12in. England, &c. A singular and beautiful species, thriving best in a dry situation and well-drained soil of a calcareous nature. It is a very pretty plant for a border or rockery; when well grown, it forms handsome tufts, and flowers very freely. See Fig. 99. SYN. _Pulsatilla vulgaris_. There are numerous varieties, the best of which are:

=A. P. dahurica= (Dahurian). _fl._ erect; sepals oblong, very villous. Plant dwarf. Sunny border or rockery.

=A. P. lilacina= (lilac). _fl._ lilac.

=A. P. rubra= (red). _fl._ erect; sepals blunter. Plant dwarfer.

=A. ranunculoides= (Ranunculus-like).* _fl._ usually yellow (but in the Pyrenean variety purple), generally solitary, single or double; sepals five to six, elliptical. March. _l._ radical ones three to five parted; segments subtrifid, deeply toothed; those of the involucrum on short stalks three parted, deeply toothed. _h._ 3in. Naturalised in English woods, but rarely. Tuberous rooted.

=A. rivularis= (river).* _fl._ white; anthers purple; sepals five, oval, smooth; pedicels three, one of which is naked. April. _l._ villous, as well as petioles, three parted; lobes cuneated, trifid; lobules cut, acutely toothed. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. North India, 1840. Should be grown on the banks of running water, or in a damp situation in the border.

=A. sibirica= (Siberian). _fl._ white; sepals six, orbicular; scapes one-flowered. June. _l._ ternate; segments deeply toothed, ciliated, those of the involucrum on short stalks, ternate; segments lanceolate. _h._ 6in. Siberia, 1804. Rockery; very rare.

=A. stellata= (star-leaved).* _fl._ purple, or rose red, or whitish, solitary; sepals ten to twelve, oblong, bluntish. April. _l._ three parted; lobes cuneated, deeply-toothed; involucral leaves sessile, oblong. _h._ 8in. to 10in. South Europe, 1599. A pretty and gay spring flowering plant. Tuberous rooted. SYN. _A. pavonina_. Double forms of this occur in cultivation. See Fig. 100.

=A. sylvestris= (wood).* Snowdrop Windflower. _fl._ pure satin white, slightly drooping, 1-1/2in. across when fully open, fragrant; sepals six, elliptical; pedicel solitary. April. _l._ ternate or quinate, hairy beneath; segments deeply toothed at top, those of the involucrum stalked. _h._ 6in. to 18in. Europe, 1596. This distinct and showy species thrives best in a light vegetable soil in a rather shady and moist situation. The roots are creeping, and should be allowed plenty of room, so that they may ramble without check. See Fig. 101.

=A. trifolia= (three-leaved). _fl._ white, erect; sepals five, elliptical, obtuse. April. _l._ all stalked, ternate; segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed. _h._ 6in. France, 1597. This species comes close to _A. nemorosa_.

=A. vernalis= (spring).* _fl._ whitish inside, violet and covered with silky down outside, erect, sub-sessile or on pedicels; sepals six, straight, elliptic-oblong. April. _l._ pinnate; segments cuneate-lanceolate, trifid; involucrum very villous. _h._ 6in. Europe, 1816. A curious rather than a showy species; it makes a pretty pot plant, but must not, under any consideration, be allowed to want water. It can be plunged in sand or ashes in the open, and just as the flowers commence to expand, transfer to a cool frame. It thrives best in a peat and loam compost, to which small pieces of charcoal may be added. SYN. _Pulsatilla vernalis_. See Fig. 102.

=A. virginiana= (Virginian).* _fl._ purplish green or pale purple, small; sepals five, elliptical, silky-pubescent on the outside; pedicels often rising in pairs from the involucel. May. _l._ ternate; segments trifid, acuminated, deeply toothed; those of the involucre and involucels stalked; peduncles three to four, much elongated, middle one naked, sometimes 1ft. high; lateral ones bearing two-leaved involucels. _h._ 2ft. North America, 1722. Border or woodlands, and damp places.

=A. vitifolia= (vine-leaved). _fl._ white, villous on the outside; anthers copper colour; sepals eight, oval, oblong; pedicels one-flowered. July. _l._ large, cordate, five-lobed, beneath as well as the stems clothed with white wool; lobes broadly ovate, cut, and crenate; those of the involucrum stalked, woolly underneath, smooth above, bluntly cordate, five-lobed. _h._ 2ft. Upper Nepaul, 1829. This requires a warm sheltered position to stand the winter. Very near _A. japonica alba_, and probably the progenitor of it.

=ANEMONOPSIS= (from _anemone_, and _opsis_, resemblance; flowers like those of the Anemone). ORD. _Ranunculaceæ_. A handsome and remarkable hardy herbaceous perennial, not unlike _Anemone japonica_, but smaller. It thrives in any light soil. Propagated by seeds and divisions of the root-stock in spring.

=A. macrophylla= (large-leaved).* _fl._ in loose racemes; sepals about nine, concave, the outer three purple, internally pale lilac; petals twelve, in many rows, one-third the length of the sepals, linear-oblong. July. _l._ large, biternate, coarsely toothed, glabrous. _h._ 2ft. to 3ft. Japan, 1869.

=ANEMOPÆGMA= (from _anemos_, the wind, and _paigma_, sport). ORD. _Bignoniaceæ_. A handsome stove climbing shrub. For culture, _see_ =Bignonia=.

=A. racemosum= (racemose).* _fl._ delicate buff coloured, in axillary racemes, large. September. Brazil, 1879. This beautiful and vigorous climber is, as yet, very rare in cultivation.

=ANETHUM= (from _ano_, upwards, and _theo_, to run; in reference to its quick growth). ORD. _Umbelliferæ_. A genus of erect glabrous annuals. Flowers yellow; involucre and involucels wanting. Leaves decompound, with linear-setaceous lobes. This genus is of no ornamental value, its most important species being the garden Dill (_A. graveolens_), which _see_ for culture.

=ANGELICA= (in reference to the supposed angelic medicinal virtues of some species). ORD. _Umbelliferæ_. Perennial or biennial herbs. Flowers white; umbels terminal; involucra wanting or of few leaves; involucels of many leaves. Leaves bipinnate. The common Angelica (_A. Archangelica_) is the only species that calls for mention. It is a native biennial, and was at one time in much request for confectionery, and as a herb of supposed great medicinal value. Seed should be sown in September or March in ordinary soil, and the young plants thinned out to about 18in. apart.

=ANGELICA TREE.= _See_ =Aralia spinosa=.

=ANGELONIA= (from _angelon_, the local name of _A. salicariæfolia_ in South America). SYN. _Schelveria_. ORD. _Scrophulariaceæ_. Very pretty stove herbaceous perennials. Flowers axillary, racemose; corolla irregular, bilabiate; lower lip saccate at the base, trifid; upper one smaller, bifid. Leaves opposite. Stem and branches quadrangular. A mixture of light turfy loam, peat, leaf soil, and sand, is a good compost. Cuttings of young shoots in spring strike readily under a hand glass, or plunged in the propagating bed, giving plenty of air daily.

=A. salicariæfolia= (Willow-leaved).* _fl._ blue, hairy, axillary, solitary, pedicellate, disposed in terminal racemes. August. _l._ sessile, lanceolate, acute, serrated towards the apex, finely pubescent on both surfaces. _h._ 1-1/2ft. to 3ft. South America, 1818.

=ANGIOPTERIS= (from _aggeion_, a vessel, and _pteris_, a wing). Including _Psilodochea_. ORD. _Filices_. A genus of gigantic greenhouse ferns. Capsules eight to fifteen, opening by a slit down the side, sessile, very close but not concrete, arranged in linear-oblong or boat-shaped sori near the edge of the frond. These ferns require a very liberal supply of water, and plenty of room to fully expand. The most suitable compost is a mixture of strong loam and peat, with some sharp sand. Thorough drainage must be afforded.

=A. evecta= (evectic). _cau._ erect, 2ft. to 6ft. high, 1-1/2ft. to 2ft. thick, very fleshy. _sti._ swollen and articulated at the base, furnished with two large leathery persistent auricles. _fronds_ 6ft. to 15ft. long, bi- or tripinnate; pinnæ 1ft. to 3ft. long, spreading, the lowest the largest; rachis swollen at the base; pinnules 4in. to 12in. long, 1/2in. to 1-1/2in. broad, linear-oblong, sessile or shortly stalked, acuminate; edge entire or finely toothed. Tropics of Old World. This is the only clearly defined species; the others usually known as distinct species are but varieties of it, and its culture should not be attempted if plenty of room cannot be afforded it.

=ANGOPHORA= (from _aggos_, a vessel, and _phero_, to bear; in reference to the shape of the fruit). ORD. _Myrtaceæ_. Australian evergreen greenhouse ornamental trees or shrubs. Flowers corymbose; calyx five or six-cleft. Leaves large, opposite. A mixture of leaf soil, peat, and sand suits them well. Ripened cuttings will root in sandy soil under a hand glass in a cool house, in a few weeks.

=A. cordifolia= (heart-leaved).* _fl._ yellowish, corymbose, large. May. _l._ sessile, ovate, cordate at the base, glabrous. _h._ 7ft. to 10ft. New Holland, 1789.

=A. lanceolata= (lanceolate-leaved).* _fl._ white, corymbose. May. _l._ petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. _h._ 4ft. to 6ft. New Holland, 1816.

=ANGRÆCUM= (deduced from _angurek_, a Malayan name for air plants). ORD. _Orchidaceæ_. TRIBE _Vandeæ_. These are among the most beautiful of epiphytal orchids. One characteristic, both remarkable and peculiar, is the long, hollow, tail-like spur depending from the base of the lip. The flowers are produced on spikes from the axils of the leaves. The leaves are evergreen, and arranged in two rows, the one opposite to the other, and, in many kinds, being curved, give the plant a very graceful appearance. The fact of these plants producing their blooms during the winter--a period when flowers are generally scarce--considerably enhances their value. They usually continue six or eight weeks in perfection, or even more. The following table of night temperatures should be almost universally adhered to for all the species enumerated, except _A. falcatum_, which thrives best in a cool house. From November to February, 58deg. to 63deg.; March to May, September and October, 65deg.; June to August, 70deg. The day temperature should be 7deg. or 8deg. higher than that of the night. A compost of crocks, charcoal, and sphagnum is best. A layer of a few large crocks at the bottom of the pot or pan will be required; over these spread another layer of charcoal and smaller crocks, just enough to allow the roots to support the plant; so that the first pair of leaves will be, in large plants, about 4in. above the rim of the pot, or proportionately less in the case of small plants. When the plant is carefully adjusted in its proper position, and held there with one hand, the other hand should work in among the roots more crocks and charcoal, ceasing so to do when within 2in. of the rim; the remaining space must be occupied with fresh sphagnum, pressed firm (this is most essential) in a cone shape, which may be built up to within 1/2in. of the lower pair of leaves. Prior to potting, which ought to be done between February and April, water should be withheld for a short time; but give a good soaking immediately after the operation. In the process of repotting, clear the roots of the old moss, all rotten stems, and particles of decayed roots. If plants are potted as we have recommended, a thorough soaking once a week only, or if grown on blocks of wood, or in suspended baskets or pans, about twice weekly will be found sufficient. Excessive fumigation, drought, whether atmospherical or at the roots, will cause the leaves to drop, and prevent any growth being made, in which case the plant ought to be lowered. If the stems have emitted but few roots, a ring of moss fastened round the stems, and kept constantly wet, will induce the plant to throw out additional roots, when the lowering may be proceeded with. To keep the plants free from insect pests, frequently sponge the foliage. Thrips generally prove very troublesome, and a moderate fumigation is needful, dislodging the insects that may be secreted low down in the centre of the plant, shortly before the operation, by dropping a little weak tobacco water or sulphur among them.

=A. arcuatum= (curved).* _fl._ white; racemes from the axils of the two-year-old leaves, two or three being produced from a single growth, about 6in. long, arching. _l._ about 4in. long, and 3/4in. broad. Natal. SYNS. _Listrostachys arcuata_. _A. (Listrostachys) Sedeni_ comes close to the above species, but is excessively rare in cultivation.

=A. bilobum= (two-lobed).* _fl._ white, with a tinge of rose, about 1-1/2in. in diameter; spur 2in. long, produced from the side of the stem, just above the two-year-old leaves; racemes pendulous, 6in. or more long, bearing about a dozen flowers, which possess a slight fragrance. October to December. _l._ 4in. long by 2in. broad, two-lobed at the apex, about eight on a plant. Stem erect, about 6in. high. Cape Coast, 1841. Should be grown in a basket.

=A. caudatum= (tailed). _fl._ greenish yellow, mixed with brown; labellum pure white; spur thick, pale green, about 9in. long, two-lobed at the lowest portion; racemes arching, 1ft. or more long, produced from the base of the two-year-old leaves. Autumn. _l._ pale green, drooping, about 10in. long by 1in. broad. _h._ 1-1/2ft. Stem erect, or nearly so. Sierra Leone, 1834.

=A. cephalotes= (capitate).* _fl._ white. Tropical Africa, 1873.

=A. Chailluanum= (Chaillu's).* _fl._ white; sepals and petals narrow, acute; spur yellowish green, 4in. or more long; racemes pendulous, 8in. or 10in. long, about twelve medium sized flowers produced from the side of the stem, just above the axils of two-year-old leaves. _l._ 6in. long, 1-1/2in. broad, slightly wavy, two-lobed at the apex, arranged in an imbricate manner. West Africa, 1866. A rare species.

=A. Christyanum= (Christy's). A curious species, with yellow or greenish-white flowers, having a much developed three-lobed lip. The plant has the aspect of _A. arcuatum_. 1880.

=A. citratum= (citron-like).* _fl._ creamy white, or pale yellow, nearly 1in. in diameter; spurs about 1-1/2in. long; racemes three, on strong plants, produced from the axils of two-year-old leaves, arched, about 1ft. long, bearing sometimes twenty flowers. _l._ 4in. to 6in. long and 2in. broad, six or eight on a plant, occupying about 1-1/2in. of stem. Madagascar, 1868. Habit compact; stem nearly erect.

=A. distichum= (two-rowed-leaved). _fl._ whitish, 1/4in. across, on one-flowered pedicels, which are produced from the axils of the leaves. _l._ very short, closely imbricated, deep bright green. _h._ 6in. Sierra Leone, 1834. A very neat growing little species, and quite distinct.

=A. eburneum= (ivory-lipped).* _fl._ sepals and petals greenish white; lip uppermost, white, very large; racemes about 18in. long, from the axils of two-year-old leaves; footstalks erect, but gradually becoming pendulous from the commencement of the flowers. _l._ 20in. long by 2in. broad, light green, stiff. Madagascar, 1826. SYN. _Ærobion eburneum_. _A. virens_ is an inferior variety, but _A. e. superbum_ surpasses the type in beauty; it is, however, at present extremely rare.

=A. Ellisii= (Ellis's).* _fl._ pure white, fragrant, about 2in. across, with narrow reflexed sepals and petals, the column standing very prominent; spur pale brownish, 6in. to 8in.; racemes frequently 2ft. long, on the side of the stem just above the axils of the two-year-old leaves, bearing about twenty blossoms. _l._ dark green, 9in. or 10in. long, and 2in. broad, divided at the apex into two unequal lobes. Madagascar, 1879.

=A. falcatum= (sickle-shaped).* _fl._ pure white, very fragrant; spur upcurved, 2in. long; racemes from the axils of the two-year-old leaves, short, bearing from two to five blooms. _l._ 2in. to 4in. long, very narrow and fleshy, dark green. 1815. An elegant little cool house species, and one of the smallest belonging to this genus. It should be grown in peat, in a basket or small pot suspended about 2ft. from the glass, but rather shaded.

=A. Kotschyi= (Kotschy's).* _fl._ yellowish white, perfume similar to the common white pink, 1in. to 1-1/2in. across; spur reddish-tinted, 6in. or 7in. long, distinguished by the two spiral twistings; racemes from the axils of the lower leaves, 18in. long, bearing about twelve blossoms. _l._ 6in. long by 3in. broad, of which there are generally six or more on a good plant. Zanzibar, 1880. Should be grown in a basket, or on a cylindrical block of teak wood.

=A. modestum= (modest).* _fl._ pure white, 1in. to 1-1/2in. across. _l._ distichous, 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad, elliptic or linear-oblong, acute, tip entire, pale bright green, leathery, nerveless. Stem short. Madagascar, about 1880.

=A. pellucidum= (transparent).* _fl._ white, of a delicate semi-transparent texture, and with a finely fringed labellum; racemes from the axils of the lowest leaves, hanging perpendicularly from the stems, about 1ft. long, bearing thirty to forty blossoms. _l._ 12in. long by 2in. or 3in. broad. Sierra Leone, 1842. Must be grown in a suspended basket.

=A. pertusum= (broken).* _fl._ pure white; spur comparatively short, with a well-marked yellow tinge; racemes from the axils of two-year-old leaves, horizontal, or slightly nodding, 6in. to 7in. long, with from forty to sixty densely packed, small blossoms. _l._ dark green, arching, 10in. long by 1in. broad. _h._ 1ft. Sierra Leone, 1836. Very distinct and attractive.

=A. Scottianum= (Scott's).* _fl._ pure white, very delicate in texture, the lip is uppermost, 1in. or more across; spur narrow, yellowish, 3in. to 4in. long; peduncle slender, a little longer than the spur, usually but one-flowered. _l._ narrow, terete--thus differing from most of its congeners--tapering or awl-shaped, about 4in. long, 1/8in. to 1/4in. in diameter, channelled in the upper surface and ridged below. Comoro Islands, 1878.

=A. Sedeni= (Seden's). A rare form of _A. arcuatum_.

=A. sesquipedale= (foot-and-a-half).* _fl._ beautiful ivory white, on stout, solitary, axillary peduncles, with sepals and petals spreading out like rays, from 6in. to 8in. across; the whip-like spur or nectary hangs down from the labellum, often from 10in. to 18in. long. November, December, and January, and lasts about three weeks in beauty. _l._ dark green, distichous, about 10in. long. _h._ 1ft. Madagascar, 1823. It is one of the grandest of winter flowering orchids.