Part 23

=A. lanuginosa= (woolly-leaved).* _fl._ delicate rose, with a small yellow eye, umbellate. June to October. _l._ nearly 1in. long, clothed with shiny silken hairs. _h._ 6in. to 9in. Himalaya, 1842. A very beautiful species, with spreading or trailing shoots, easily multiplied by cuttings or layers. It requires a warm sunny spot on the rockery, with a sandy peat soil. When planted so that its shoots drape the face of a rocky ledge, it is one of the most charming plants possible to grow.

A. obtusifolia (blunt-leaved). _fl._ white or rose, with yellow eye; umbels five or six-flowered. Spring. _l._ lanceolate or rather spathulate, in rather large rosettes. Stems downy. _h._ 2in. to 6in. European Alps. A very pretty form, closely allied to _A. Chamæjasme_, and differing principally in its somewhat larger rosette of leaves and stronger growth. SYN. _A. aretioides_.

=A. pauciflora= (few-flowered). Synonymous with _A. lactea_.

=A. penicillata= (finely hairy). Synonymous with _A. villosa_.

=A. puberula= (puberulous). Synonymous with _A. carnea_.

=A. pubescens= (downy). _fl._ white, with a faint yellow eye, solitary, at the ends of the branchlets, very numerous. June. _l._ oblong-ovate, ciliated, in a crowded rosette. Stem with a small swelling close to the flower. _h._ 2in. Alps, 1869. Treat like _A. Chamæjasme_.

=A. pyrenaica= (Pyrenean). _fl._ white, with yellowish eyes, on a scape about 1/4in high. Summer. _l._ narrow-oblong, ciliated, recurved, keeled at the back. _h._ 1in. Pyrenees. An exceedingly pretty and diminutive little alpine plant, grown, according to Mr. Robinson, "to great perfection in fissures between large rocks, with, however, deep rifts of sandy peat and loam in them. It will also grow on a level exposed spot, but in such a position should be surrounded by half-buried stones."

=A. sarmentosa= (trailing).* _fl._ bright rose, with a white eye, in umbels of ten to twenty, on an erect scape. May and June. _l._ very silvery, forming dense rosettes, whence spring a number of runners, bearing at their extremities other tufts, which should be pegged down and covered with soil, when they will root freely. Himalayas, 1876. It requires rich sandy loam, a sunny position, and to be wedged between pieces of sandstone. Cover the rosettes during winter with a sheet of glass. See Fig. 91.

=A. septentrionalis= (northern). Synonymous with _A. coronopifolia_.

=A. villosa= (hairy).* _fl._ rose or blush, with a deeper coloured eye, and a honey-like perfume, umbellate. May. _l._ narrow, oblong, covered with soft white down, chiefly on the under surface, in compact tufts. _h._ 2in. to 4in. Pyrenees, &c., 1790. When well grown, the flowers are produced in great abundance, almost covering the green cushions. Plant in a sunny fissure of the rockery, in sandy loam and leaf soil. SYN. _A. penicillata_.

=A. Vitaliana= (Vital's).* _fl._ rich yellow, comparatively large; tube inflated at the middle, almost nestling among the leaves. May to July. _l._ linear, acute, greyish. Stems numerous. _h._ 1in. to 2in. Pyrenees, &c., 1787. When well grown, it produces flowers in abundance, and is the only species in cultivation having yellow flowers. A well-drained, sunny pocket is desirable, with a calcareous soil, covering the surface with nodules of sandstone. SYN. _Gregoria Vitaliana_.

=A. Wulfeniana= (Wulfen's).* _fl._ rosy or crimson, large. Summer. _l._ oval, acuminated, in dense rosettes. _h._ 2in. Styria. A very rare species in cultivation in this country.

=ANDROSÆMUM.= _See_ =Hypericum=.

=ANDROSTEPHIUM= (from _aner_, a man, and _stephos_, a crown; some of the stamens are barren and petaloid, forming a corona). ORD. _Liliaceæ_. A very pretty little hardy bulb, of dwarf habit, allied to _Brodiæa_. It requires a rich sandy loam, in a sunny position, and may be propagated by offsets and seeds; the latter should be sown as soon as ripe in a cold frame. Plant 6in. deep, when it will require no protection in winter.

=A. violaceum= (violet). _fl._ violet blue, about 1in. long, three to six in an umbel, on pedicels about their own length; tube infundibuliform, about as long as the spreading segments; corona half as long. Spring. _l._ four to six, very narrow. _h._ 6in. Texas, 1874.

=ANDRYALA= (the meaning of this is unknown). ORD. _Compositæ_. These are pretty half-hardy evergreen herbaceous perennials, easily grown in ordinary well-drained garden soil. Increased by seeds and divisions in spring. Two species only are in cultivation.

=A. lanata= (woolly).* _fl.-heads_ yellow, Hieracium-like. May. _l._ white, woolly, thick, oblong-ovate; radical ones stalked; upper ones sessile. Stems with a leaf at each joint. _h._ about 1ft. South Europe, 1732.

=A. mogadorensis= (Mogador). _fl.-heads_ bright yellow, as large as a half-crown; disk bright orange. April. Morocco, 1871. This species is rare in cultivation.

=ANEILEMA= (from _a_, not, and _eilema_, involucre; in reference to the absence of the involucre). ORD. _Commelynaceæ_. Greenhouse and stove evergreen perennials, with generally a trailing habit. A genus resembling _Commelyna_, from which it is distinguished by the inflorescence being sub-paniculate, and the peduncles entirely exserted from the bracts at the branching of the panicle. Flowers without any involucre. They thrive in a compost of loam, peat, leaf mould, and sand, well mixed. Increased by seeds and root divisions. There are a large number of species known to botanists.

=A. biflora= (two-flowered).* _fl._ blue; floral stalks two-flowered. July. _l._ lanceolate. Stem creeping; plant smooth. New Holland, 1820. Greenhouse species.

=A. sinicum= (Chinese). _fl._ pale blue; racemes about seven-flowered, alternate, placed in a panicle form. May. _l._ ligulate, acuminate. Stems branched, diffuse. _h._ 1ft. China, 1820. Greenhouse species.

=ANEMIA= (from _aneimon_, naked; in reference to the naked panicles of sporangia). Including _Anemidictyon_. ORD. _Filices_. A well-marked genus of stove and greenhouse ferns, chiefly confined to Tropical America. Capsules small, very abundant, forming a copiously-branched panicle, quite distinct from the leafy part of the frond. This genus of handsome dwarf-growing ferns is of easy culture, in a compost of fibrous peat, leaf soil, and sand. Several species are exceedingly pretty for fern cases. For general culture, _see_ =Ferns=.

=A. adiantifolia= (maidenhair-leaved).* _sti._ 12in. to 18in. long, firm, naked. _fronds_, barren portion shortly-stalked, 6in. to 9in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, deltoid, bi-tripinnate; pinnæ close, lanceolate, the lowest the largest; ultimate divisions oblong or linear-cuneate, the outer toothed, with a firm texture; panicle 3in. to 4in. long, the peduncle 1in. to 3in. long. West Indies, 1793. A very handsome stove fern.

=A. ciliata= (ciliated). Synonymous with _A. hirsuta_.

=A. collina= (hill). _sti._ 8in. to 12in. long, firm, erect, densely clothed with fine ferruginous hairs. _fronds_, barren portion sessile, 6in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, with about twelve sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 1-1/2in. long, and about 1/2in. broad, unequal-sided, obliquely-truncate below, blunt, sub-entire, with a sub-coriaceous texture; panicle 2in. to 3in. long, close, the peduncle 4in. to 6in. long. Brazil, 1829. Very rare stove species. SYN. _A. hirta_.

=A. deltoidea= (deltoid-like). Synonymous with _A. tomentosa_.

=A. Dregeana= (Drege's).* _sti._ 8in. to 12in. long, firm, slightly villose. _fronds_, barren portion sub-sessile, 8in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, about equal in width in the lower half, with eight to twelve pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 1-1/2in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, ovate-deltoid, unequal at the base, the upper side sub-cordate, the edge inciso-crenate; panicle 3in. to 4in. long, the lower branches elongated; peduncle same length. Natal. Stove species.

=A. flexuosa= (wavy). Synonymous with _A. tomentosa_.

=A. hirsuta= (hairy). _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, slender, naked. _fronds_, barren portion 2in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 3in. broad, sessile, oblong-deltoid, bipinnatifid; pinnæ in six to eight opposite pairs, 1in. to 1-1/2in. long, 1/4in. to 3/4in. broad, varying from oblong, obtuse, sub-entire, truncate at the base on the lower side, to deeply pinnatifid with narrow divisions; panicle 1in. to 2in. long, close; peduncle 2in. to 6in. long, slender. Jamaica, 1704. Very handsome stove species. SYNS. _A. repens_ and _A. ciliata_.

=A. hirta= (hairy). Synonymous with _A. collina_.

=A. mandioccana= (Mandioccan).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, deciduously villose. _fronds_, barren portion 1ft. or more long, 2in. to 4in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, the lower half about equal in width; pinnæ in twenty or more close pairs, the point narrowed, but scarcely acute; edge finely serrulate, the upper base parallel with the stem, the lower obliquely truncate; rachis and surfaces finely pilose; texture sub-coriaceous; panicle very compound, 3in. to 4in. long: peduncle longer. Brazil. A very beautiful and distinct stove species.

=A. Phyllitidis= (Phyllitis-like).* _sti._ 6in. to 18in. long, stramineous, naked, or fibrillose. _fronds_, barren portion sessile, 4in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 8in. broad, ovate-oblong, simply pinnate; pinnæ in four to twelve sessile pairs, the lowest the largest, ovate, 1in. to 6in. long, 1/2in. to 2in. broad, the apex acute, the edge crenulate, the base rounded or cuneate, or unequal, with a firm texture; panicle dense, 3in. to 9in. long, the branches short; peduncles the same length. Cuba, Mexico, &c. SYN. _Anemidictyon Phyllitidis_. Greenhouse species.

=A. P. lineata= (lined). _fronds_ with a yellowish-green central stripe down the pinnæ. South America, 1868.

=A. P. plumbea= (leaden). Synonymous with _A. P. tessellata_.

=A. P. tessellata= (tessellated). Pinnæ dark green, with bright green centre and leaden-grey border. Brazil, 1875. The forms of this species are numerous: _fraxinifolia_ and _macrophylla_ are names often met with, but only show slight deviations. They all have a more hardy constitution than the other species, and grow well in the greenhouse. SYN. _A. P. plumbea_.

=A. repens= (creeping). Synonymous with _A. hirsuta_.

=A. tomentosa= (tomentose).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, strong, erect, clothed with ferruginous hairs. _fronds_, barren portion 6in. to 12in. long, half as broad, ovate-deltoid, bipinnatifid or bipinnate; lowest pinnæ the largest, the blunt lobes 1/2in. to 3/4in. long, 1/4in. broad, nearly entire; rachis and surfaces densely pilose, with a firm texture; panicle 4in. to 9in. long, loose; peduncle 1in. to 2in. long. Tropical America. Greenhouse species. SYNS. _A. deltoidea_, _A. flexuosa_, _A. villosa_.

=A. villosa= (hairy). Synonymous with _A. tomentosa_.

=ANEMIDICTYON.= _See_ =Anemia=.

=ANEMONE= (from _anemos_, wind; the greater part of the species grow in elevated places, much exposed to the wind). Wind Flower. ORD. _Ranunculaceæ_. An extensive genus of very ornamental hardy perennials. The generic characters of Anemone proper are: Involucre of three cut leaflets, distant from the flower; calyx of five to twenty petal-like sepals; petals absent. Of sub-genus Hepatica: Involucre of three entire leaflets, just under the flowers; calyx of six to nine petal-like sepals; petals absent. For botanical purposes, they are both now included under the one generic name of Anemone; but in gardens the Hepaticas are frequently regarded as a distinct genus. They delight in a rich sandy loam, but most will thrive in ordinary garden soil. Some are suitable for borders, while others thrive best on the rockery, most of them preferring a damp and partially shady position. For the numerous varieties of _A. coronaria_, both double and single flowered, the soil can hardly be too rich, and the position, though open, should be a sheltered one, and well drained. The tubers may be planted early in October, about 6in. apart, and 3in. deep, various colours being intermixed, when a splendid effect is produced in the following spring. After flowering, the tubers should be taken up--say in June--and spread out thinly, in a shady, airy situation, until they are dry, when they should be thoroughly cleaned, and, if necessary, divided, and finally stored away in a cool place, in pots or boxes of dry sand until the planting season. Anemones make admirable pot plants if placed in a compost of two parts turfy loam, and one of leaf mould or rotten hotbed or cow manure, with about a sixth part of sharp gritty sand; but, if so grown, they should be protected through severe weather, and brought into warmth as required. The herbaceous species are propagated by root divisions or root cuttings, or by seeds, in autumn or early spring; the seeds are better sown as soon as ripe in pans in a cold frame. Some, such as _A. japonica_, are freely increased by division; while others, such as _A. narcissiflora_, are very slow; and the tuberous rooted ones, by root division and seeds. The best and most rapid means of propagating the invaluable varieties of _A. coronaria_, and also of obtaining new ones, is by seed. A careful selection of flowers, and skilful hybridising, will produce results commensurate with the trouble incurred. So soon as the seed ripen, they should be gathered and sown at once in a warm sheltered situation outside, or in pans under glass, covering lightly with sandy soil, and keeping moist. They are somewhat difficult to sow on account of a mass of cotton-like down which adheres closely to them; they should be thoroughly separated therefrom by rubbing them in dry sand. Of course, if the seed are sown at different times, plants will be produced which will flower at different periods, and a succession of bloom may be had from April to November--indeed, nearly all the year.

=A. alba= (white). _fl._ white; pedicel solitary; sepals five, obovate, very blunt. June. _l._ ternate or quinate; segments deeply toothed at top; those of the involucre stalked. _h._ 6in. Siberia, 1820.

=A. alpina= (alpine).* _fl._ variously coloured, sometimes white, white with the back purple, cream, yellowish or yellow with their backs paler; sepals six, spreading, elliptical, rarely ovate. May. _l._ sometimes smooth, sometimes clothed with long crowded silky hairs, biternate; segments pinnate and deeply serrated; involucre of the same form. _h._ 6in. Middle Europe, 1658. Very handsome alpine. Plant on the rockery in rich deep soil, with a damp situation. SYN. _Pulsatilla alpina_.

=A. a. sulphurea= (sulphur).* _fl._ beautiful soft yellow, 2in. to 2-1/2in. across when expanded, but they are usually cup-shaped; sepals six, covered with a silky down outside; anthers of a rich golden colour. May and June. _l._ radical, stalked, drooping, more than 1ft. long; leaflets pinnatifid, deeply toothed. A very beautiful form, thriving in ordinary garden soil, and a rather moist situation. See Fig. 92.

=A. americana= (American). A synonym of _A. Hepatica_.

=A. angulosa= (angled).* _fl._ fine sky blue, over 2in. across, with numerous black anthers surrounding a tuft of yellow styles; sepals eight to nine, elliptical, spreading. February. _l._ palmately five-lobed; lobes serrated. _h._ 8in. to 12in. East Europe. A very fine species, twice the size of _A. Hepatica_ in all its parts; it is well suited for the border or rockery, enjoying a deep rich soil. SYN. _Hepatica angulosa_.

=A. apennina= (Apennine).* _fl._ blue, 1-1/2in. across; sepals ten to fourteen, oblong, obtuse, erect; pedicel one-flowered. March. _l._ binately pinnate; segments lanceolate, deeply-toothed, acute. _h._ 6in. England (naturalised here and there), and Southern Europe. An exceedingly pretty plant, with soft-looking feathery foliage. It thrives best under the partial shade of trees, where the flowers retain their colour longer. Tuberous rooted.

=A. baldensis= (Mount Baldo).* _fl._ white, clothed with adpressed hairs on the outside, and reddish tinged with blue; sepals eight to ten, oblong-oval; pedicels one-flowered. May. _l._ biternate; segments many-parted; lobes linear; involucral leaves multifid. _h._ 6in. Switzerland, 1792. _A. cœrulea_ is probably identical with this species. Shady parts of the rockery. Rare. Tuberous rooted.

=A. blanda= (fair).* _fl._ deep blue, nearly 2in. across; sepals nine to fourteen, narrow. Winter or early spring. _l._ triternate; segments deeply cut and acute; involucral leaves stalked, trifid, deeply cut. _h._ 6in. Eastern Europe. A very handsome early flowering plant. It requires a rich, light, and well drained sandy loam, and a warm, sheltered position. It closely resembles _A. apennina_, of which it is merely a form, with deeper blue flowers. Tuberous rooted.

=A. caroliniana= (Carolina). _fl._ purple or whitish, pubescent on the outside, on a long one-flowered pedicel; sepals ten to twenty, oblong-linear. May. _l._ ternate, with three-parted, or cut acutely-toothed lobes; involucral leaves trifid, with cut lobes. _h._ 9in. Carolina, 1824. A very slender and delicate plant. Shady parts of the rockery. Tuberous rooted.

=A. cernua= (drooping). _fl._ somewhat drooping, dark purple; sepals six, spreading, elliptical-oblong. May. _l._ pinnate, villous underneath; segments pinnatifid; lobes cut, oblong; scapes, petioles, and peduncles clothed with downy hairs. _h._ 6in. Japan, 1806. Rare.

=A. coronaria= (garland).* Poppy Anemone. _fl._ very various in colouring, solitary; sepals six, oval, approximate. April to May. _l._ ternate; segments multifid; lobules linear, mucronated; involucral leaves sessile, multifid. South Europe, 1596. This is one of the species from which the majority of "florists' varieties" have originated, which can be purchased at such a cheap rate, either in named varieties, or in mixture, and are invaluable for spring flowering. It thrives best in a good loamy soil, and should be somewhat shaded from the mid-day sun. Tuberous rooted. See Fig. 93.

=A. decapetala= (ten-petaled).* _fl._ cream white or pale sulphur, about 1in. to 2in. across, erect; sepals eight to twelve, oblong, spreading. May to June. _l._ tripartite, and freely divided into numerous linear-acute segments, of a deep green colour. _h._ 12in. to 18in. North-West America, &c. A pretty free-flowering species, suitable for naturalising in woods, &c. It is less ornamental than many others, but is very distinct.

=A. dichotoma= (forked).* _fl._ white, with a tinge of red on the under side; sepals five, elliptical; pedicels many, usually bifid. May. _l._ three parted; lobes oblong, deeply-toothed at top; those of the involucrum sessile. _h._ 1-1/2ft. Siberia, North America, &c., 1768. Border, or for naturalising in woods. SYN. _A. pennsylvanica._

=A. fulgens= (shining).* _fl._ of a dazzling vermilion or scarlet, with a black central patch of stamens, about 2in. across; sepals obovate. May. Greece, South Europe, &c., 1865. A very beautiful variety, much more showy than _A. hortensis_ (of which it is generally regarded as a variety), and a universal favourite. In "Hardy Perennials," Mr. Wood says of this splendid species: "It may be grown in pots for conservatory or indoor decoration. It needs no forcing for such purposes; a cold frame will prove sufficient to bring the flowers out in winter. Borders or the moist parts of rockwork are suitable for it; but perhaps it is seen to greatest advantage in irregular masses in the half shade of trees in front of a shrubbery; and, after all, it is impossible to plant this flower wrong as regards effect. To grow it well, however, it must have a moist situation and good loam." See Fig. 94.

=A. Halleri= (Haller's).* _fl._ purplish inside, large, erect; sepals six, oval-lanceolate. April. _l._ pinnate, very villous; segments three parted; lobes with lanceolate-linear, acuminated divisions. _h._ 6in. Switzerland, 1816. A sunny border or the rockery. SYN. _Pulsatilla Halleri_.

=A. Hepatica= (supposed remedy for liver diseases). Common Hepatica. _fl._ usually blue; sepals six to nine. February. _l._ cordate, three-lobed; lobes quite entire, ovate, acutish; petioles and scapes rather hairy. _h._ 4in. to 6in. There are numerous varieties of this species. England, &c. SYN. _Hepatica triloba_. Varieties: _alba_ has large pure white flowers; _cœrulea_ (blue), the double form of _cœrulea_ is scarce and very showy; _rubra_ produces reddish-pink flowers, and of which there is also a double variety, very bright and lasting; _Barlowi_ has large sky-blue flowers. Besides these there are many others. They are all charming early spring-flowering plants, preferring rich light soil, and to remain undisturbed for years, when they form grand clumps, often producing seedlings where they stand. SYN. _A. americana_. See Fig. 95.

=A. Honorine Jobert= (Honorine Jobert). Synonymous with _A. japonica alba_.

=A. hortensis= (garden). Nearly approaches _A. coronaria_, the parent of a large number of garden forms. _A. fulgens_ and _A. stellata_ are by competent authorities placed as varieties.

=A. Hudsoniana= (Hudson's). Synonymous with _A. multifida_.

=A. japonica= (Japanese).* _fl._ rosy carmine, from 2in. to 2-1/2in. across, on footstalks which spring from a whorl of three or four leaves; anthers golden yellow. Autumn. _l._ ternate, with unequally lobed, toothed segments. _h._ 2ft. to 3ft. Japan, 1844. See Fig. 96.

=A. j. alba= (white).* This is a splendid variety, with a profusion of large pure white flowers, which are produced from August to November. This white form is one of the handsomest of border flowers. The blooms are 2in. to 3in. across, with a centre of dense lemon coloured stamens. For cutting purposes the flowers are invaluable. It thrives best in deep soil. SYN. _A. Honorine Jobert_. See Fig. 97.

=A. j. elegans= (elegant).* Very like _A. japonica_, with broader leaves, and pale rose-coloured flowers, which are more than 3in. across. This is also called _rosea_ and _hybrida_. Japan.

=A. lancifolia= (lance-leaved). _fl._ white; sepals five, ovate-acute; scapes one-flowered. May. _l._ all stalked, ternate; segments lanceolate, crenate-toothed. _h._ 3in. Pennsylvania, 1823. Very rare. Rockery. Tuberous rooted.