Part 10

=A. lunulatum= (crescent-leaved).* _sti._ 4in. to 6in. long, tufted, wiry. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, simply pinnate; pinnæ 3/4in. to 1in. broad, 1/2in. to 1in. deep, sub-dimidiate, the lower edge nearly in a line with the petiole, the upper edge rounded and, like the sides, usually more or less lobed. _sori_ in continuous lines along the edge. Hongkong, &c., widely distributed in both hemispheres. Stove species. SYN. _A. dolabriforme_.

=A. macrocladum= (long-branched). Synonymous with _A. polyphyllum_.

=A. macrophyllum= (long-leaved).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, strong, erect, nearly black. _fronds_ 9in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, simply pinnate; the lower pinnæ of the barren frond 3in. to 4in. long, 2in. broad, ovate, so broad at the base that the opposite ones frequently overlap, the margin rather deeply lobed; fertile ones narrower. _sori_ in long continuous, or slightly interrupted, marginal lines. Tropical America, 1793. One of the finest stove species in cultivation.

=A. macropterum= (long-winged). Synonymous with _A. Wilsoni_.

=A. mexicanum= (Mexican). Synonymous with _A. glaucophyllum_.

=A. microphyllum= (short-leaved). A synonym of _A. venustum_.

=A. monochlamys= (one-covered).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long, wiry, erect, dark, chestnut brown; _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, ovate-deltoid, tripinnate, the pinnæ rather distantly placed; segments 1/4in. broad, cuneate at the base, the upper edge rounded, slightly toothed, of a light green colour, with a firm texture. _sori_ single, or very rarely two, in a hollow of the upper edge. Japan. A very distinct and pretty greenhouse species.

=A. monosorum= (uni-soriate). A pretty species, from Solomon Islands, not yet in cultivation.

=A. Moorei= (Moore's).* _sti._ 6in. to 8in. long. _fronds_ deltoid, 6in. to 15in. long, two to three pinnate; side segments about 1/2in. long, rhomboid, lower edge deflexed from tip of pedicel, outer lobed half way down. _sori_ round, placed in tip of lobes. Andes of Peru. Stove or greenhouse species. SYN. _A. amabile_, under which name it is frequently grown.

=A. Moritzianum= (Moritz's). This appears to be a stronger, more robust grower (fronds from 12in. to 18in. high), with thicker stipes and larger pinnules than the typical _A. Capillus-Veneris_. South America. Greenhouse species.

=A. neoguineense= (New Guinea).* _sti._ 6in. to 8in. long, chestnut brown, erect. _fronds_ spreading, deltoid, tri-quadripinnate, dark olive green with a glaucous tinge on both surfaces; pinnæ ovate; terminal pinnules cuneate, lateral ones trapezoid, about 1/2in. long, crenately lobed, the lobes rather large, entire. _sori_ small, 6in. to 8in., orbicular, entirely sunk in closed sinuses of the marginal lobes. New Guinea, 1877. A very charming stove species.

=A. obliquum= (oblique). _sti._ 3in. to 6in. long, erect, wiry, pubescent. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, with a terminal lobe and three to twelve pairs of alternate pinnæ, the lowest 1in. to 2in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, costate nearly to the apex, the upper half the largest, rounded at the base, the lower half obliquely truncate at the base, those of the barren frond slightly toothed. _sori_ in numerous interrupted marginal patches, one to two lines broad. West Indies, &c., 1826. Stove species.

=A. palmatum= (palmate).* _fronds_ with elongated zigzag rachises, elongate-oblong, narrowed to the apex, tripinnate, often reaching 3-1/2ft. long, 10in. broad; pinnules distinct; ultimate segments large, smooth, distant, distinctly stipitate, varying from obovate wedge-shaped to semi-orbicular in outline, but all deeply, palmately cut, 1in. to 1-3/4in. broad. _sori_ oblong, variable in length, situate at the tips of the segments, usually one to each. This is a very beautiful and graceful stove or greenhouse species. Peru, 1877.

=A. patens= (spreading). _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long, erect. _fronds_ dichotomously divided and the branches once or twice divided again; central pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 1-1/2in. broad; pinnules 1/2in. to 3/4in. long, 1/4in. deep, dimidiate, the two sides nearly parallel, the upper and outer ones broadly and bluntly lobed. _sori_ placed round the upper and outer edge, obversely reniform. Brazil, &c., 1824. Stove species.

=A. Pecottei= (Pecot's).* This is a charming little variety, of garden origin, with short decompound fronds, imbricated segments, comparatively large, of a deep green colour, and likely to prove one of the most useful maidenhair ferns grown.

=A. pedatum= (pedate).* _sti._ 9in. to 24in. long, erect, polished. _fronds_ dichotomous, with the main divisions flabellately branched; central pinnæ 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad; pinnules 1/2in. to 3/4in. long, 1/4in. deep, dimidiate, broadest on the side nearest the stem, the upper and outer margin lobed, shortly stalked. _sori_ roundish, one to two lines broad. North Hindostan, the United States, &c. Hardy species. See Fig. 30.

=A. peruvianum= (Peruvian).* _sti._ 9in. to 18in. long, strong, erect. _fronds_ simply pinnate, or with one to three branches at the base, some of the latter sometimes again slightly divided; pinnules 2in. or more broad, 1-1/2in. deep, unequally ovate, cuneate at base, finely toothed and lobed round the upper and outer edge. _sori_ in interrupted patches round the sides of the pinnules. Peru. This is one of the finest of the large growing, evergreen stove kinds.

=A. polyphyllum= (many-leaved).* _sti._ 12in. to 18in. long, strong, erect. _fronds_ 2ft. to 3ft. long, 12in. to 18in. broad, the upper part simply pinnate; lower pinnæ sometimes 1ft. long; 6in. broad, with a long terminal and numerous lateral pinnules; segments 3/4in. to 1in. long, 1/4in. deep, dimidiate, with nearly parallel edges, the point obtuse, the upper edge sharply toothed. _sori_ in numerous sub-orbicular patches, placed in hollows in lobes along the upper edge. Columbia. A magnificent stove species. SYNS. _A. cardiochlæna_ and _A. macrocladum_.

=A. populifolium= (poplar-leaved). A synonym of _A. Seemanni_.

=A. princeps= (princely).* _sti._ 9in. to 12in. long, stout, nearly erect. _fronds_ large, 12in. to 24in. long, 9in. to 18in. across the base, deltoid, pendent, quadripinnate, pale greyish; lower pinnæ obliquely elongate, triangular, the posterior side tripinnate, the anterior bipinnate; upper ones pinnate, with a large cuneately flabellate terminal pinnule, apex of fronds pinnate; pinnules 1in. long, 3/4in. broad, roundish rhomboidal or shortly trapeziform, shortly stalked; basal margin entire, slightly concave, the anterior margins and apex lobate, the lobes serrulate in the sterile parts, and, where fertile, bearing each a concave sorus, so that the lobes appear two-horned. New Grenada, 1875. A magnificent stove species.

=A. prionophyllum= (saw-leaved). Synonymous with _A. tetraphyllum_.

=A. pubescens= (downy). Synonymous with _A. hispidulum_.

=A. pulverulentum= (covered with powder).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, strong, erect; _fronds_ with a terminal pinna and several spreading lateral ones on each side, which are 4in. to 8in. long, 1in. broad; pinnules 1/2in. long, one and a half to two lines deep, dimidiate, the lower line nearly straight, the upper one nearly parallel, both it and the outer edge finely toothed. _sori_ in a continuous line along the lower and upper edges. West Indies, &c. Stove species.

=A. Reichenbachii= (Reichenbach's). Synonymous with _A. Henslovianum_.

=A. reniforme= (kidney-shaped).* _sti._ tufted, 4in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ simple, orbicular, reniform, of a deep green colour, 1-1/2in. to 2-1/2in. across, with usually a broad, open sinus. _sori_ all around the edge, one and a half to three lines broad. Madeira, &c., 1699. Greenhouse species.

=A. r. asarifolium= (asarum-leaved). A rather larger growing variety of above species.

=A. rhomboideum= (rhomboid). S. America, 1820. Probably identical with _A. villosum_.

=A. rubellum= (reddish).* _sti._ 4in. to 6in. long. _fronds_ 4in. to 6in. long, deltoid, bipinnate; uppermost side of the pinnules cuneate, flabellate, nearly sessile, entire; lower rhomboid 1/2in. long, with lower border in a line with petiole, or rather decurved, inner produced over rachis, outer deeply lobed and finely toothed; end and lowest pinnules deltoid, 1/2in. broad. _sori_ round, placed in the tips of the lobes. This pretty species is purplish crimson when in a young state, changing to light green with age, but even then tinged with pink. Allied to _A. tinctum_ and _A. decorum_. Bolivia, 1868. Greenhouse species.

=A. scutum= (shield). Synonymous with _A. Ghiesbreghti_.

=A. Seemanni= (Seemann's).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, erect. _fronds_ 9in. to 20in. long, simply pinnate or the lower pinnæ compound; pinnæ 3in. to 4in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad, ovate, acuminate; but rather unequally sided, the barren ones finely serrated, one side usually cordate at the base, the other obliquely truncate, petioles of the lowest, nearly an inch long. _sori_ in long continuous marginal lines. This is a very fine and distinct stove species. Central America, 1868. SYNS. _A. populifolium_, _A. Zahnii_ (of gardens).

=A. sessilifolium= (sessile-leaved). Synonymous with _A. Henslovianum_.

=A. setulosum= (bristly). Synonymous with _A. diaphanum_.

=A. speciosum= (showy). Synonymous with _A. digitatum_.

=A. subvolubile= (somewhat twining). _fronds_ subscandent, 2ft. to 4ft. long, oblong, tripinnate, 6in. to 8in. broad, with naked glossy castaneous stipes and zigzag rachises; central pinnæ lanceolate, with a few short spreading pinnules; side pinnules rhomboidal, about 1/4in. long, lower edge in a line with petiole, or deflexed, inner end touching or wrapped over rachis, outer shallowly lobed; lowest pinnules equilateral, much wrapped over rachis. _sori_ minute, round, six to twelve to a segment. E. Peru. Stove species.

=A. tenerum= (tender).* _sti._ 1ft. or more high, erect. _fronds_ 1ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 18in. broad, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate; segments 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, cuneate or tending towards rhomboidal, dimidiate in shape, the upper edge rounder or somewhat angular, broadly and deeply lobed, all stalked. _sori_ placed in numerous roundish patches in the lobes of the upper half. Mexico, &c., widely distributed. Stove species.

=A. t. Farleyense= (Farley's).* A subfertile, subcristate variety of the foregoing; but, is, nevertheless, one of the most magnificent of Adiantums. It is nearly always known under the name of _A. Farleyense_. Barbados, 1865. Stove variety.

=A. tetraphyllum= (four-leaved).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, strong, erect. _fronds_ nearly as broad as long, with a terminal pinna 6in. to 9in. long, 1in. to 1-1/2in. broad, and numerous spreading lateral ones; segments 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, 1/4in. deep, subdimidiate, the lower line straight or somewhat decurved, the upper nearly parallel, finely toothed, the outer oblique. _sori_ interrupted, marginal. Tropical America. Stove species. SYN. _A. prionophyllum_.

=A. t. Hendersoni= (Henderson's). A stove variety with small blunt pinnules.

=A. tinctum= (tinted).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, deltoid, bipinnate; side pinnules rhomboid, three to four lines long, lower edge straight, inner parallel with rachis, or just wrapped over it, outer shallowly, bluntly lobed; lower pinnules equilateral, imbricated over main rachis; surfaces glabrous, when young of a delicate rose red colour, changing to a bright green. _sori_ round, placed in final lobes. Tropical America. Stove or greenhouse species.

=A. trapeziforme= (rhomb-leaved).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, firm, erect. _fronds_ 12in. to 24in. long, with a central pinna 4in. to 8in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, and two to four large spreading ones on each side, the lowest of which are often branched again; segments 1-1/2in. to 2in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, dimidiate, the sides nearly parallel, the outer edge oblique, both it and the upper one bluntly lobed, the lowest on stalks 1/4in. to 1/2in. long. _sori_ numerous, contiguous, placed round the upper and outer edge. West Indies, 1793. Stove species.

=A. t. cultratum= (sharpened).* Outer edge of the segment bluntly rounded.

=A. t. pentadactylon= (five-fingered). Lower margin of the segments somewhat decurved obliquely from the petiole.

=A. t. Sanctæ Catherinæ= (of gardens).* This is a deeply cut, rather copiously divided variety of _A. trapeziforme_.

=A. t. S. C. Funcki= (Funck's).* A deeply lobed, drooping variety, of garden origin.

=A. triangulatum= (triangle-leaved). Synonymous with _A. intermedium_.

=A. varium= (various). Probably identical with _A. villosum_.

=A. Veitchianum= (Veitch's).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long. _fronds_ 9in. to 18in. long, deltoid, bipinnate in lower half, reddish when young; side pinnules rhomboid, about 1/2in. long, lower border straight, more or less deflexed from tip of pedicel, inner distant from rachis, upper and outer shallowly lobed; end segments 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, equilateral, rounded in upper, deltoid in lower half. _sori_ eight to ten to a segment, round, minute. Peruvian Andes, 1868. A very elegant and distinct stove species.

=A. velutinum= (velvety).* _sti._ as long as fronds, slightly velvety. _fronds_ deltoid, 1-1/2ft. to 2ft. long, three to four pinnate; rachises densely pubescent on both sides; pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long; segments twenty to thirty-jugate, sub-sessile, sub-rhomboidal, 1in. long, 1/2in. broad, lower border decurved, outer blunt or sub-acute, upper straight, shallowly, bluntly lobed. _sori_ straight, one to one and a half lines long at tips of lobes of upper edge, four to six to a segment. Columbia, 1866. A magnificent stove species.

=A. venustum= (charming).* _sti._ 6in. to 9in. long, wiry, erect, glossy. _fronds_ 6in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, deltoid, tri-quadripinnate; ultimate segments about 1/4in. across, cuneate at the base, the upper edge rounded, and usually finely toothed, of a light green colour, with a firm texture. _sori_ one to three, roundish; in hollows of the upper edge. Himalayas, up to 8000ft. Greenhouse or frame, nearly hardy in sheltered places. SYN. _A. microphyllum_.

=A. villosum= (hairy stalked).* _sti._ 9in. to 12in. long, strong, erect. _fronds_ with a terminal central and several spreading pinnæ on each side, 6in. to 12in. long, 1-1/2in. to 2in. broad; pinnules dimidiate, about 1in. long, 1/2in. broad, the lower line nearly straight, the upper edge nearly parallel with it, but considerably larger, slightly toothed, and the outer edge auriculed at the base. _sori_ in a continuous line round the upper and outer edge. West Indies, &c., 1775. Stove species.

=A. Wagneri= (Wagner's). Synonymous with _A. decorum_.

=A. Wilesianum= (Wiles's). Synonymous with _A. crenatum_.

=A. Williamsii= (Williams's).* _sti._ 6in. to 8in. long. _fronds_ 9in. to 18in. long, tripinnate, triangular; pinnæ ovate, distant, pinnules sub-rotund, slightly trapeziform, the basal line rather concave, the margin entire or slightly undulated, or divided into three to four lobes, crenately notched between the _sori_, the sterile portions with an erose diaphanous margin. _sori_ eight to ten, elongate reniform or lunate, occupying the whole of the semicircular outer edge. Mountains of Peru, 1877. In a young state, the stipes and fronds are dusted with a yellow powder. This is one of the most beautiful of the Maidenhair ferns. Greenhouse species.

=A. Wilsoni= (Wilson's).* _sti._ 6in. to 12in. long, erect. _fronds_ 9in. to 12in. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, simply pinnate, with a large terminal pinna and two to six sub-sessile lateral ones on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly entire. _sori_ in continuous lines along both edges. Jamaica. Stove species. SYNS. _A. dolosum_, _A. macropterum_.

=A. Zahnii= (Zahn's). Synonymous with _A. Seemanni_.

=ADIKE.= A synonym of =Pilea= (which _see_).

=ADINA= (from _adinos_, crowded; in reference to the flowers being disposed in heads). ORD. _Rubiaceæ_. A very pretty evergreen cool stove shrub, with opposite terete branches, and solitary, axillary peduncles. It thrives in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat. Propagated by cuttings, inserted in a rich, loamy soil, under a hand glass, in heat.

=A. globifera= (globe-bearing).* _fl._ yellowish, sessile, crowded, collected into globose heads; corolla funnel-shaped; peduncles axillary, rarely terminal, solitary. July. _l._ lanceolate, glabrous, longer than the peduncles. _h._ 3ft. to 4ft. China, 1804.

=ADLUMIA= (from _adlumino_, to fringe with purple; flowers bordered with purple). ORD. _Fumariaceæ_. An interesting, delicate, and nearly hardy climber from North America. Flowers with four spongy, cohering petals. A warm, good soil is most suitable; sow seeds about May in a shady spot. It is a biennial, but in favourable spots is self-sowing, and thus may be treated as a perennial. If placed either against a wall or in the open it is a pretty subject for trailing over a shrub or twiggy branch. From its fragile character, it can only be seen to the best advantage under glass.

=A. cirrhosa= (tendrilled).* _fl._ pale rose-coloured, about 1/2in. long; peduncles axillary, generally four-flowered. June. _l._ triply pinnate, pale green. _h._ 15ft. 1788. The Maidenhair fern-like leaves are borne in profusion on the slender twining stems. SYN. _Corydalis fungosa_.

=ADNATE.= Grown to anything by the whole surface; anthers are said to be Adnate when they are attached to the filaments by their whole length.

=ADONIS= (name of classical derivation). ORD. _Ranunculaceæ_. Handsome hardy herbaceous plants. Flowers solitary, terminal; petals five to fifteen. Leaves divided into numerous linear segments. Some of the annuals are much inferior to the perennial species. The latter section constitute very ornamental subjects for rockwork, borders, margins of shrubberies, &c. All the species will grow freely in common soil, and are propagated by seeds. The perennials may be divided at the root.

=A. æstivalis= (summer).* Pheasant's Eye. _fl._ deep crimson; petals flat, oblong, obtuse, one-half longer than the calyx. June. Stem almost simple, elongated. _h._ 1ft. South Europe, 1629. Annual. See Figs. 31 and 32.

=A. autumnalis= (autumnal).* Pheasant's Eye; Red Morocco. _fl._ of an intense blood-red, with a black centre, rarely pale, globose from the six to eight concave conniving petals, which are scarcely larger than the calyx. May. Stems branched. _h._ 1ft. Britain. Annual.

=A. pyrenaica= (Pyrenean).* _fl._ almost sessile, yellow; petals eight to ten, smaller and more obtuse than in _A. vernalis_. July. _l._, lower ones on long stalks, with trifid petioles and many-parted segments; upper ones sessile, multifid, with linear very entire lobules. Stem 1ft. or more high, and usually much branched. Pyrenees, 1817. Perennial.

=A. vernalis= (spring).* _fl._ yellow, large; petals, ten to twelve, oblong, rather denticulated. March. _l._ lower ones abortive, or reduced to somewhat sheathing scales, the middle and upper ones sessile and multifid, with very entire lobes. _h._ 9in. to 1ft. Europe, 1629. Charming rock plant. This handsome species requires a rich moist sandy loam, and should not be disturbed for years. Perennial.

=A. v. sibirica= (Siberian) differs only in having larger flowers.

=A. volgensis= (Volga). An intermediate species between _A. vernalis_ and _A. pyrenaica_, differing from the first in the stems being branched, leaves more distant; from the last by the lower leaves being abortive, and formed like scales; and from both in the sepals being pubescent on the outside, not smooth. _fl._ yellow. _h._ 1ft. Russia, 1818.

=ADPRESSED.= Brought into close contact with anything without adhering.

=ADULT.= The full grown of anything. Full grown leaves are termed adult.

=ADVENTITIOUS.= Developed in an unusual position. Applied to buds, roots, &c.

=ADVENTURE BAY PINE.= _See_ _Phyllocladus rhomboidalis_.

=ADVERSE.= Opposite.

=ÆCHMEA= (from _aichme_, a point; in reference to the rigid points on the calyces, or flower-envelopes). Including _Pironneaua_. ORD. _Bromeliaceæ_. Very handsome stove plants. Flowers scapose, panicled; perianth six-cleft, three outer segments sepaloid, longer than the three inner or petaloid ones. Leaves ligulate or sword-shaped, sometimes with marginal spines. The species thrive best in a well-drained compost of rich fibrous loam and leaf mould. They like plenty of light, which may be afforded by standing them on inverted pots, so as to raise their heads well up above the surrounding plants. Propagation: When the flower-spikes, which are sent up from the heart or crown of the plant, die away, suckers or offsets are produced near the base, and from these other flowers appear the year after. If large plants are desired, these suckers should be left to grow and spread around; but to produce single plants, the suckers must be taken off and potted singly, in sharp soil, and then stood where they can get a moist heat till rooted. To enable them to do this it is necessary to strip off a few of the lower leaves, and trim the bottom with a sharp knife, in order that it may heal over and callus more readily than it otherwise would. When rooted, the plants may be shifted into larger-sized pots; but for single crowns 32-sized pots are large enough, as the plants, being epiphytal in their nature, do not require much soil or any great supply of water, except when growing freely or sending up their flower-spikes. In winter, they should be kept rather on the dry side, to induce partial rest; and an important point is to see that water is not allowed to lie for any length of time in the crown of the plant, as when that is the case it is likely to cause them to rot.

=Æ. calyculata= (calycled).* _fl._ bright yellow, tubular, with red bracts, borne in close roundish heads at the top of an erect scape. _l._ strap-shaped, with the ends having the appearance of being cut off, but armed with a sharp spine. _h._ 9in. Brazil, 1862. SYN. _Hoplophytum calyculatum_.

=Æ. cœlestis= (heavenly blue).* _fl._ sky-blue, in close pyramidal panicles, on erect snipes. Winter. _l._ ligulate, concave, spiny-edged, scaly beneath. Brazil, 1874. SYN. _Hoplophytum cœleste_.

=Æ. cœrulescens= (bluish). _fl._ bluish. _h._ 1ft. South America, 1870. This pretty species is very attractive on account of the large dense head of deep blue and pure white berries which are produced in October. SYN. _Lamprococcus cœrulescens_.