Chapter 48

I am pure from the blood of all men. For I have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God.

Acts xx. 26,27.

Scarcity and want shall shun you.

Shak.

Syn. -- See Avoid.

Shun"less, a. Not to be shunned; inevitable; unavoidable. [R.] "Shunless destiny." Shak.

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Shunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shunting.] [Prov. E., to move from, to put off, fr. OE. shunten, schunten, schounten; cf. D. schuinte a slant, slope, Icel. skunda to hasten. Cf. Shun.] 1. To shun; to move from. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. To cause to move suddenly; to give a sudden start to; to shove. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ash.

3. To turn off to one side; especially, to turn off, as a grain or a car upon a side track; to switch off; to shift.

For shunting your late partner on to me.

T. Hughes.

4. (Elec.) To provide with a shunt; as, to shunt a galvanometer.

Shunt (?), v. i. To go aside; to turn off.

Shunt, n. [Cf. D. schuinte slant, slope, declivity. See Shunt, v. t.] 1. (Railroad) A turning off to a side or short track, that the principal track may be left free.

2. (Elec.) A conducting circuit joining two points in a conductor, or the terminals of a galvanometer or dynamo, so as to form a parallel or derived circuit through which a portion of the current may pass, for the purpose of regulating the amount passing in the main circuit.

3. (Gunnery) The shifting of the studs on a projectile from the deep to the shallow sides of the grooves in its discharge from a shunt gun.

Shunt dynamo (Elec.), a dynamo in which the field circuit is connected with the main circuit so as to form a shunt to the letter, thus employing a portion of the current from the armature to maintain the field. -- Shunt gun, a firearm having shunt rifling. See under Rifling.

Shunt"er (?), n. (Railroad) A person employed to shunt cars from one track to another.

Shut (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shut; p. pr. & vb. n. Shutting.] [OE. shutten, schutten, shetten, schitten, AS. scyttan to shut or lock up (akin to D. schutten, G. schützen to protect), properly, to fasten with a bolt or bar shot across, fr. AS. sceótan to shoot. &radic;159. See Shoot.] 1. To close so as to hinder ingress or egress; as, to shut a door or a gate; to shut one's eyes or mouth.

2. To forbid entrance into; to prohibit; to bar; as, to shut the ports of a country by a blockade.

Shall that be shut to man which to the beast Is open?

Milton.

3. To preclude; to exclude; to bar out. "Shut from every shore." Dryden.

4. To fold together; to close over, as the fingers; to close by bringing the parts together; as, to shut the hand; to shut a book.

To shut in. (a) To inclose; to confine. "The Lord shut him in." Cen. vii. 16. (b) To cover or intercept the view of; as, one point shuts in another. -- To shut off. (a) To exclude. (b) To prevent the passage of, as steam through a pipe, or water through a flume, by closing a cock, valve, or gate. -- To shut out, to preclude from entering; to deny admission to; to exclude; as, to shut out rain by a tight roof. -- To shut together, to unite; to close, especially to close by welding. -- To shut up. (a) To close; to make fast the entrances into; as, to shut up a house. (b) To obstruct. "Dangerous rocks shut up the passage." Sir W. Raleigh. (c) To inclose; to confine; to imprison; to fasten in; as, to shut up a prisoner.

Before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.

Gal. iii. 23.

(d) To end; to terminate; to conclude.

When the scene of life is shut up, the slave will be above his master if he has acted better.

Collier.

(e) To unite, as two pieces of metal by welding. (f) To cause to become silent by authority, argument, or force.

Shut, v. i. To close itself; to become closed; as, the door shuts; it shuts hard.

To shut up, to cease speaking. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.

Shut, a. 1. Closed or fastened; as, a shut door.

2. Rid; clear; free; as, to get shut of a person. [Now dialectical or local, Eng. & U.S.] L'Estrange.

3. (Phon.) (a) Formed by complete closure of the mouth passage, and with the nose passage remaining closed; stopped, as are the mute consonants, p, t, k, b, d, and hard g. H. Sweet. (b) Cut off sharply and abruptly by a following consonant in the same syllable, as the English short vowels, , , , , , always are.

Shut, n. The act or time of shutting; close; as, the shut of a door.

Just then returned at shut of evening flowers.

Milton.

2. A door or cover; a shutter. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

3. The line or place where two pieces of metal are united by welding.

Cold shut, the imperfection in a casting caused by the flowing of liquid metal upon partially chilled metal; also, the imperfect weld in a forging caused by the inadequate heat of one surface under working.

Shute (?), n. Same as Chute, or Shoot.

Shut"ter (?), n. 1. One who shuts or closes.

2. A movable cover or screen for a window, designed to shut out the light, to obstruct the view, or to be of some strength as a defense; a blind.

3. A removable cover, or a gate, for closing an aperture of any kind, as for closing the passageway for molten iron from a ladle.

Shut"tered (?), a. Furnished with shutters.

Shut"tle (?), n. [Also shittle, OE. schitel, scytyl, schetyl; cf. OE. schitel a bolt of a door, AS. scyttes; all from AS. sceótan to shoot; akin to Dan. skyttel, skytte, shuttle, dial. Sw. skyttel, sköttel. &radic;159. See Shoot, and cf. Shittle, Skittles.] 1. An instrument used in weaving for passing or shooting the thread of the woof from one side of the cloth to the other between the threads of the warp.

Like shuttles through the loom, so swiftly glide My feathered hours.

Sandys.

2. The sliding thread holder in a sewing machine, which carries the lower thread through a loop of the upper thread, to make a lock stitch.

3. A shutter, as for a channel for molten metal. [R.]

Shuttle box (Weaving), a case at the end of a shuttle race, to receive the shuttle after it has passed the thread of the warp; also, one of a set of compartments containing shuttles with different colored threads, which are passed back and forth in a certain order, according to the pattern of the cloth woven. -- Shutten race, a sort of shelf in a loom, beneath the warp, along which the shuttle passes; a channel or guide along which the shuttle passes in a sewing machine. -- Shuttle shell (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of marine gastropods of the genus Volva, or Radius, having a smooth, spindle-shaped shell prolonged into a channel at each end.

Shut"tle (?), v. i. To move backwards and forwards, like a shuttle.

I had to fly far and wide, shutting athwart the big Babel, wherever his calls and pauses had to be.

Carlyle.

Shut"tle*cock` (?), n. A cork stuck with feathers, which is to be struck by a battledoor in play; also, the play itself.

Shut"tle*cock, v. t. To send or toss to and fro; to bandy; as, to shuttlecock words. Thackeray.

Shut"tle*cork` (?), n. See Shuttlecock.

Shut"tle*wise` (?), adv. Back and forth, like the movement of a shuttle.

Shwan"-pan (?), n. See Schwan- pan.

Shy (sh), a. [Compar. Shier (-r) or Shyer; superl. Shiest or Shyest.] [OE. schey, skey, sceouh, AS. sceóh; akin to Dan. sky, Sw. skygg, D. schuw, MHG. schiech, G. scheu, OHG. sciuhen to be or make timid. Cf. Eschew.] 1. Easily frightened; timid; as, a shy bird.

The horses of the army . . . were no longer shy, but would come up to my very feet without starting.

Swift.

2. Reserved; coy; disinclined to familiar approach.

What makes you so shy, my good friend? There's nobody loves you better than I.

Arbuthnot.

The embarrassed look of shy distress And maidenly shamefacedness.

Wordsworth.

3. Cautious; wary; suspicious.

I am very shy of using corrosive liquors in the preparation of medicines.

Boyle.

Princes are, by wisdom of state, somewhat shy of thier successors.

Sir H. Wotton.

To fight shy. See under Fight, v. i.

Shy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shying.] [From Shy, a.] To start suddenly aside through fright or suspicion; -- said especially of horses.

Shy, v. t. To throw sidewise with a jerk; to fling; as, to shy a stone; to shy a slipper. T. Hughes.

Shy, n. 1. A sudden start aside, as by a horse.

2. A side throw; a throw; a fling. Thackeray.

If Lord Brougham gets a stone in his hand, he must, it seems, have a shy at somebody.

Punch.

Shy"ly, adv. In a shy or timid manner; not familiarly; with reserve. [Written also shily.]

Shy"ness, n. The quality or state of being shy. [Written also shiness.]

Frequency in heavenly contemplation is particularly important to prevent a shyness bewtween God and thy soul.

Baxter.

Syn. -- Bashfulness; reserve; coyness; timidity; diffidence. See Bashfulness.

Shy"ster (?), n. [Perh. from G. scheisse excrement.] A trickish knave; one who carries on any business, especially legal business, in a mean and dishonest way. [Slang, U.S.]

Si (?). [It.] (Mus.) A syllable applied, in solmization, to the note B; more recently, to the seventh tone of any major diatonic scale. It was added to Guido's scale by Le Maire about the end of the 17th century.

||Si*a"ga (?), n. (Zoöl.) The ahu, or jairou.

Si*al"o*gogue (?), n. [Gr. si`alon saliva + &?;&?;&?;&?; leading, from &?;&?;&?; to lead: cf. F. sialagogue.] (Med.) An agent which promotes the flow of saliva.

||Si"a*mang` (?), n. [Malay simang.] (Zool.) A gibbon (Hylobates ||syndactylus), native of Sumatra. It has the second and third toes ||partially united by a web.

Si`a*mese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Siam, its native people, or their language.

Si`a*mese`, n. sing. & pl. 1. A native or inhabitant of Siam; pl., the people of Siam.

2. sing. The language of the Siamese.

Sib (?), n. [AS. sibb alliance, gesib a relative. &radic;289. See Gossip.] A blood relation. [Obs.] Nash.

Sib, a. Related by blood; akin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Your kindred is but . . . little sib to you.

Chaucer.

[He] is no fairy birn, ne sib at all To elfs, but sprung of seed terrestrial.

Spenser.

Sib"bens (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Med.) A contagious disease, endemic in Scotland, resembling the yaws. It is marked by ulceration of the throat and nose and by pustules and soft fungous excrescences upon the surface of the body. In the Orkneys the name is applied to the itch. [Written also sivvens.]

Si*be"ri*an (?), a. [From Siberia, Russ. Sibire.] Of or pertaining to Siberia, a region comprising all northern Asia and belonging to Russia; as, a Siberian winter. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Siberia.

Siberian crab (Bot.), the Siberian crab apple. See Crab apple, under Crab. -- Siberian dog (Zoöl.), one of a large breed of dogs having erect ears and the hair of the body and tail very long. It is distinguished for endurance of fatigue when used for the purpose of draught. -- Siberian pea tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Cragana arborescens) with yellow flowers. It is a native of Siberia.

{ Sib"i*lance (?), Sib"i*lan*cy (?), } n. The quality or state of being sibilant; sibilation.

Milton would not have avoided them for their sibilancy, he who wrote . . . verses that hiss like Medusa's head in wrath.

Lowell.

Sib"i*lant (?), a. [L. sibilans, -antis, p. pr. of sibilare to hiss: cf. F. sibilant.] Making a hissing sound; uttered with a hissing sound; hissing; as, s, z, sh, and zh, are sibilant elementary sounds. -- n. A sibiliant letter.

Sib"i*late (?), v. t. & i. To pronounce with a hissing sound, like that of the letter s; to mark with a character indicating such pronunciation.

Sib`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. sibilatio.] Utterance with a hissing sound; also, the sound itself; a hiss.

He, with a long, low sibilation, stared.

Tennyson.

Sib"i*la*to*ry (?), a. Hissing; sibilant.

Sib"i*lous (?), a. [L. sibilus.] Having a hissing sound; hissing; sibilant. [R.] Pennant.

Sib"yl (?), n. [L. sibylla, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;.] 1. (Class. Antiq.) A woman supposed to be endowed with a spirit of prophecy.

The number of the sibyls is variously stated by different authors; but the opinion of Varro, that there were ten, is generally adopted. They dwelt in various parts of Persia, Greece, and Italy.

2. A female fortune teller; a pythoness; a prophetess. "An old highland sibyl." Sir W. Scott.

Sib"yl*ist, n. One who believes in a sibyl or the sibylline prophecies. Cudworth.

Sib"yl*line (?), a. [L. sibyllinus.] Pertaining to the sibyls; uttered, written, or composed by sibyls; like the productions of sibyls.

Sibylline books. (a) (Rom. Antiq.) Books or documents of prophecies in verse concerning the fate of the Roman empire, said to have been purchased by Tarquin the Proud from a sibyl. (b) Certain Jewish and early Christian writings purporting to have been prophetic and of sibylline origin. They date from 100 b. c. to a. d. 500.

Sic (?), a. Such. [Scot.]

||Sic (?), adv. [L.] Thus.

This word is sometimes inserted in a quotation [sic], to call attention to the fact that some remarkable or inaccurate expression, misspelling, or the like, is literally reproduced.

Sic"a*more (?), n. (Bot.) See Sycamore.

||Sic"ca (?), n. [Ar. sikka.] A seal; a coining die; -- used ||adjectively to designate the silver currency of the Mogul emperors, ||or the Indian rupee of 192 grains.

Sicca rupee, an East Indian coin, valued nominally at about two shillings sterling, or fifty cents.

Sic"cate (?), v. t. [L. siccatus, p. p. of siccare to dry, fr. siecus dry.] To dry. [R.]

Sic*ca"tion (?), n. [L. siccatio.] The act or process of drying. [R.] Bailey.

Sic"ca*tive (?), a. [L. siccativus.] Drying; causing to dry. -- n. That which promotes drying.

Sic*cif"ic (?), a.[L. siccificus; siccus dry + facere to make. See -fy.] Causing dryness.

Sic"ci*ty (?), n. [L. siccitas, fr. siccus dry.] Dryness; aridity; destitution of moisture. [Obs.]

The siccity and dryness of its flesh.

Sir T. Browne.

Sice (?), n. [F. six, fr. L. sex six. See Six.] The number six at dice.

Si"cer (?), n. [L. sicera. See Cider.] A strong drink; cider. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sich (?), a. Such. [Obs. or Colloq.] Spenser.

Si*cil"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Sicily or its inhabitants.

Sicilian vespers, the great massacre of the French in Sicily, in the year 1282, on the evening of Easter Monday, at the hour of vespers.

Si*cil"i*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Sicily.

||Si*ci`li*a"no (?), n. [It., Sicilian.] A Sicilian dance, resembling ||the pastorale, set to a rather slow and graceful melody in 12-8 or ||6-8 measure; also, the music to the dance.

||Si`ci`lienne" (?), n. [F., fem. of sicilien Sicilian.] A kind of rich ||poplin.

Sick (?), a. [Compar. Sicker (?); superl. Sickest.] [OE. sek, sik, ill, AS. seóc; akin to OS. siok, seoc, OFries. siak, D. ziek, G. siech, OHG. sioh, Icel. sj&?;kr, Sw. sjuk, Dan. syg, Goth. siuks ill, siukan to be ill.] 1. Affected with disease of any kind; ill; indisposed; not in health. See the Synonym under Illness.

Simon's wife's mother lay sick of a fever.

Mark i. 30.

Behold them that are sick with famine.

Jer. xiv. 18.

2. Affected with, or attended by, nausea; inclined to vomit; as, sick at the stomach; a sick headache.

3. Having a strong dislike; disgusted; surfeited; -- with of; as, to be sick of flattery.

He was not so sick of his master as of his work.

L'Estrange.

4. Corrupted; imperfect; impaired; weakned.

So great is his antipathy against episcopacy, that, if a seraphim himself should be a bishop, he would either find or make some sick feathers in his wings.

Fuller.

Sick bay (Naut.), an apartment in a vessel, used as the ship's hospital. -- Sick bed, the bed upon which a person lies sick. -- Sick berth, an apartment for the sick in a ship of war. -- Sick headache (Med.), a variety of headache attended with disorder of the stomach and nausea. -- Sick list, a list containing the names of the sick. -- Sick room, a room in which a person lies sick, or to which he is confined by sickness. [These terms, sick bed, sick berth, etc., are also written both hyphened and solid.]

Syn. -- Diseased; ill; disordered; distempered; indisposed; weak; ailing; feeble; morbid.

Sick, n. Sickness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sick, v. i. To fall sick; to sicken. [Obs.] Shak.

Sick"-brained` (?), a. Disordered in the brain.

Sick"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sickened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sickening.] 1. To make sick; to disease.

Raise this strength, and sicken that to death.

Prior.

2. To make qualmish; to nauseate; to disgust; as, to sicken the stomach.

3. To impair; to weaken. [Obs.] Shak.

Sick"en, v. i. 1. To become sick; to fall into disease.

The judges that sat upon the jail, and those that attended, sickened upon it and died.

Bacon.

2. To be filled to disgust; to be disgusted or nauseated; to be filled with abhorrence or aversion; to be surfeited or satiated.

Mine eyes did sicken at the sight.

Shak.

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3. To become disgusting or tedious.

The toiling pleasure sickens into pain.

Goldsmith.

4. To become weak; to decay; to languish.

All pleasures sicken, and all glories sink.

Pope.

Sick"en*ing (?), a. Causing sickness; specif., causing surfeit or disgust; nauseating. -- Sick"en*ing*ly, adv.

Sick"er (?), v. i. [AS. sicerian.] (Mining) To percolate, trickle, or ooze, as water through a crack. [Also written sigger, zigger, and zifhyr.] [Prov. Eng.]

{ Sick"er, Sik"er }, a. [OE. siker; cf. OS. sikur, LG. seker, D. zeker, Dan. sikker, OHG. sihhur, G. sicher; all fr. L. securus. See Secure, Sure.] Sure; certain; trusty. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

When he is siker of his good name.

Chaucer.

{ Sick"er, Sik"er }, adv. Surely; certainly. [Obs.]

Believe this as siker as your creed.

Chaucer.

Sicker, Willye, thou warnest well.

Spenser.

{ Sick"er*ly, Sik"er*ly }, adv. Surely; securely. [Obs.]

But sikerly, withouten any fable.

Chaucer.

{ Sick"er*ness, Sik"er*ness }, n. The quality or state of being sicker, or certain. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Sick"ish, a. 1. Somewhat sick or diseased.

2. Somewhat sickening; as, a sickish taste.

-- Sick"ish*ly, adv. -- Sick"ish*ness, n.

Sic"kle (?), n. [OE. sikel, AS. sicol; akin to D. sikkel, G. sichel, OHG. sihhila, Dan. segel, segl, L. secula, fr. secare to cut; or perhaps from L. secula. See Saw a cutting instrument.] 1. A reaping instrument consisting of a steel blade curved into the form of a hook, and having a handle fitted on a tang. The sickle has one side of the blade notched, so as always to sharpen with a serrated edge. Cf. Reaping hook, under Reap.

When corn has once felt the sickle, it has no more benefit from the sunshine.

Shak.

2. (Astron.) A group of stars in the constellation Leo. See Illust. of Leo.

Sickle pod (Bot.), a kind of rock cress (Arabis Canadensis) having very long curved pods.

Sic"kle*bill` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of three species of humming birds of the genus Eutoxeres, native of Central and South America. They have a long and strongly curved bill. Called also the sickle-billed hummer. (b) A curlew. (c) A bird of the genus Epimachus and allied genera.

Sic"kled (?), a. Furnished with a sickle.

Sic"kle*man (?), n.; pl. Sicklemen (&?;). One who uses a sickle; a reaper.

You sunburned sicklemen, of August weary.

Shak.

Sic"kler (?), n. One who uses a sickle; a sickleman; a reaper.

Sick"less (?), a. Free from sickness. [R.]

Give me long breath, young beds, and sickless ease.

Marston.

Sic"kle*wort` (?), n. [AS. sicolwyrt.] (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Coronilla (C. scorpioides); -- so named from its curved pods. (b) The healall (Brunella vulgaris).

Sick"lied (?), a. Made sickly. See Sickly, v.

Sick"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sickly.

Sick"ly (?), a. [Compar. Sicklier (?); superl. Sickliest.] 1. Somewhat sick; disposed to illness; attended with disease; as, a sickly body.

This physic but prolongs thy sickly days.

Shak.

2. Producing, or tending to, disease; as, a sickly autumn; a sickly climate. Cowper.

3. Appearing as if sick; weak; languid; pale.

The moon grows sickly at the sight of day.

Dryden.

Nor torrid summer's sickly smile.

Keble.

4. Tending to produce nausea; sickening; as, a sickly smell; sickly sentimentality.

Syn. -- Diseased; ailing; infirm; weakly; unhealthy; healthless; weak; feeble; languid; faint.

Sick"ly, adv. In a sick manner or condition; ill.

My people sickly [with ill will] beareth our marriage.

Chaucer.

Sick"ly, v. t. To make sick or sickly; -- with over, and probably only in the past participle. [R.]

Sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought.

Shak.

Sentiments sicklied over . . . with that cloying heaviness into which unvaried sweetness is too apt to subside.

Jeffrey.

Sick"ness, n. [AS. seócness.] 1. The quality or state of being sick or diseased; illness; sisease or malady.

I do lament the sickness of the king.

Shak.

Trust not too much your now resistless charms; Those, age or sickness soon or late disarms.

Pope.

2. Nausea; qualmishness; as, sickness of stomach.

Syn. -- Illness; disease; malady. See Illness.

Si"cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. silcus, Heb. shegel. See Shekel.] A shekel. [Obs.]

The holy mother brought five sicles and a pair of turtledoves to redeem the Lamb of God.

Jer. Taylor.

||Si"da (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; a kind of plant.] (Bot.) A ||genus of malvaceous plants common in the tropics. All the species are ||mucilaginous, and some have tough ligneous fibers which are used as a ||substitute for hemp and flax. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Sid"dow (?), a. Soft; pulpy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Side (?), n. [AS. sde; akin to D. zijde, G. seite, OHG. sta, Icel. s&?;a, Dan. side, Sw. sida; cf. AS. sd large, spacious, Icel. s&?;r long, hanging.] 1. The margin, edge, verge, or border of a surface; especially (when the thing spoken of is somewhat oblong in shape), one of the longer edges as distinguished from the shorter edges, called ends; a bounding line of a geometrical figure; as, the side of a field, of a square or triangle, of a river, of a road, etc.

3. Any outer portion of a thing considered apart from, and yet in relation to, the rest; as, the upper side of a sphere; also, any part or position viewed as opposite to or contrasted with another; as, this or that side.

Looking round on every side beheld A pathless desert.

Milton.

4. (a) One of the halves of the body, of an animals or man, on either side of the mesial plane; or that which pertains to such a half; as, a side of beef; a side of sole leather. (b) The right or left part of the wall or trunk of the body; as, a pain in the side.

One of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side.

John xix. 34.

5. A slope or declivity, as of a hill, considered as opposed to another slope over the ridge.

Along the side of yon small hill.

Milton.

6. The position of a person or party regarded as opposed to another person or party, whether as a rival or a foe; a body of advocates or partisans; a party; hence, the interest or cause which one maintains against another; a doctrine or view opposed to another.

God on our side, doubt not of victory.

Shak.

We have not always been of the . . . same side in politics.

Landor.

Sets the passions on the side of truth.

Pope.

7. A line of descent traced through one parent as distinguished from that traced through another.

To sit upon thy father David's throne, By mother's side thy father.

Milton.

8. Fig.: Aspect or part regarded as contrasted with some other; as, the bright side of poverty.