Chapter 49

By the side of, close at hand; near to. -- Exterior side. (Fort.) See Exterior, and Illust. of Ravelin. -- Interior side (Fort.), the line drawn from the center of one bastion to that of the next, or the line curtain produced to the two oblique radii in front. H. L. Scott. -- Side by side, close together and abreast; in company or along with. -- To choose sides, to select those who shall compete, as in a game, on either side. -- To take sides, to attach one's self to, or give assistance to, one of two opposing sides or parties.

Side (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a side, or the sides; being on the side, or toward the side; lateral.

One mighty squadron with a side wind sped.

Dryden.

2. Hence, indirect; oblique; collateral; incidental; as, a side issue; a side view or remark.

The law hath no side respect to their persons.

Hooker.

3. [AS. sd. Cf Side, n.] Long; large; extensive. [Obs. or Scot.] Shak.

His gown had side sleeves down to mid leg.

Laneham.

Side action, in breech-loading firearms, a mechanism for operating the breech block, which is moved by a lever that turns sidewise. -- Side arms, weapons worn at the side, as sword, bayonet, pistols, etc. -- Side ax, an ax of which the handle is bent to one side. -- Side-bar rule (Eng. Law.), a rule authorized by the courts to be granted by their officers as a matter of course, without formal application being made to them in open court; -- so called because anciently moved for by the attorneys at side bar, that is, informally. Burril. -- Side box, a box or inclosed seat on the side of a theater.

To insure a side-box station at half price.

Cowper.

-- Side chain, one of two safety chains connecting a tender with a locomotive, at the sides. -- Side cut, a canal or road branching out from the main one. [U.S.] -- Side dish, one of the dishes subordinate to the main course. -- Side glance, a glance or brief look to one side. -- Side hook (Carp.), a notched piece of wood for clamping a board to something, as a bench. -- Side lever, a working beam of a side-lever engine. -- Side-lever engine, a marine steam engine having a working beam of each side of the cylinder, near the bottom of the engine, communicating motion to a crank that is above them. -- Side pipe (Steam Engine), a steam or exhaust pipe connecting the upper and lower steam chests of the cylinder of a beam engine. -- Side plane, a plane in which the cutting edge of the iron is at the side of the stock. -- Side posts (Carp.), posts in a truss, usually placed in pairs, each post set at the same distance from the middle of the truss, for supporting the principal rafters, hanging the tiebeam, etc. -- Side rod. (a) One of the rods which connect the piston-rod crosshead with the side levers, in a side-lever engine. (b) See Parallel rod, under Parallel. -- Side screw (Firearms), one of the screws by which the lock is secured to the side of a firearm stock. -- Side table, a table placed either against the wall or aside from the principal table. -- Side tool (Mach.), a cutting tool, used in a lathe or planer, having the cutting edge at the side instead of at the point. -- Side wind, a wind from one side; hence, an indirect attack, or indirect means. Wright.

Side, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sided; p. pr.& vb. n. Siding.] 1. To lean on one side. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To embrace the opinions of one party, or engage in its interest, in opposition to another party; to take sides; as, to side with the ministerial party.

All side in parties, and begin the attack.

Pope.

Side, v. t. 1. To be or stand at the side of; to be on the side toward. [Obs.]

His blind eye that sided Paridell.

Spenser.

2. To suit; to pair; to match. [Obs.] Clarendon.

3. (Shipbuilding) To work (a timber or rib) to a certain thickness by trimming the sides.

4. To furnish with a siding; as, to side a house.

Side"board` (?), n. A piece of dining-room furniture having compartments and shelves for keeping or displaying articles of table service.

At a stately sideboard, by the wine, That fragrant smell diffused.

Milton.

Side"bone` (?), n. (Far.) A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter and at the sides of the coronet and coffin bone of a horse. J. H. Walsh.

Sid"ed (?), a. Having (such or so many) sides; -- used in composition; as, one-sided; many- sided.

Side"hill` (?), n. The side or slope of a hill; sloping ground; a descent. [U. S.]

Side"ling (?), adv. [OE. sideling, fr. side side. See Side, and cf. Sidelong, Headlong.] Sidelong; on the side; laterally; also, obliquely; askew.

A fellow nailed up maps . . . some sideling, and others upside down.

Swift.

Side"ling, a. Inclining to one side; directed toward one side; sloping; inclined; as, sideling ground.

Side"long` (?), adv. [See Sideling, adv.] 1. Laterally; obliquely; in the direction of the side.

2. On the side; as, to lay a thing sidelong. [See Sideling, adv. ] Evelyn.

Side"long`, a. Lateral; oblique; not being directly in front; as, a sidelong glance.

The bashful virgin's sidelong looks of love.

Goldsmith.

Side"piece` (?), n. (Joinery) The jamb, or cheek, of an opening in a wall, as of door or window.

Sid"er (?), n. One who takes a side.

Si"der (?), n. Cider. [Obs.]

Sid"er*al (?), a. [L. sideralis. See Sidereal.] 1. Relating to the stars.

2. (Astrol.) Affecting unfavorably by the supposed influence of the stars; baleful. "Sideral blast." Milton.

Sid"er*a`ted (?), a. [L. sideratus, p. p. of siderari to be blasted by a constellation, fr. sidus, sideris, a constellation.] Planet-struck; blasted. [Obs.]

Sid`er*a"tion, n. [L. sideratio.] The state of being siderated, or planet-struck; esp., blast in plants; also, a sudden and apparently causeless stroke of disease, as in apoplexy or paralysis. [Obs.] Ray.

Si*de"re*al (?), a. [L. sidereus, from sidus, sideris, a constellation, a star. Cf. Sideral, Consider, Desire.] 1. Relating to the stars; starry; astral; as, sidereal astronomy.

2. (Astron.) Measuring by the apparent motion of the stars; designated, marked out, or accompanied, by a return to the same position in respect to the stars; as, the sidereal revolution of a planet; a sidereal day.

Sidereal clock, day, month, year. See under Clock, Day, etc. -- Sideral time, time as reckoned by sideral days, or, taking the sidereal day as the unit, the time elapsed since a transit of the vernal equinox, reckoned in parts of a sidereal day. This is, strictly, apparent sidereal time, mean sidereal time being reckoned from the transit, not of the true, but of the mean, equinoctial point.

Si*de"re*al*ize (?), v. t. To elevate to the stars, or to the region of the stars; to etherealize.

German literature transformed, siderealized, as we see it in Goethe, reckons Winckelmann among its initiators.

W. Pater.

Si*de"re*ous (?), a. [L. sidereus.] Sidereal. [Obs.]

Sid"er*ite, n. [L. sideritis loadstone, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;&?;, of iron, from &?;&?;&?;&?; iron.] 1. (Min.) (a) Carbonate of iron, an important ore of iron occuring generally in cleavable masses, but also in rhombohedral crystals. It is of a light yellowish brown color. Called also sparry iron, spathic iron. (b) A meteorite consisting solely of metallic iron. (c) An indigo-blue variety of quartz. (d) Formerly, magnetic iron ore, or loadstone.

2. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Sideritis; ironwort.

{ Sid`er*o*graph"ic (?), Sid`er*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to siderography; executed by engraved plates of steel; as, siderographic art; siderographic impressions.

Sid`er*og"ra*phist (?), n. One skilled in siderography.

Sid`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; iron + -graphy.] The art or practice of steel engraving; especially, the process, invented by Perkins, of multiplying facsimiles of an engraved steel plate by first rolling over it, when hardened, a soft steel cylinder, and then rolling the cylinder, when hardened, over a soft steel plate, which thus becomes a facsimile of the original. The process has been superseded by electrotypy.

Sid"er*o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; iron + -lite.] A kind of meteorite. See under Meteorite.

Sid"er*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; iron + -mancy.] Divination by burning straws on red-hot iron, and noting the manner of their burning. Craig.

Sid"er*o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; iron + -scope.] An instrument for detecting small quantities of iron in any substance by means of a very delicate combination of magnetic needles.

||Sid`e*ro"sis (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; iron.] (Med.) A sort of ||pneumonia occuring in iron workers, produced by the inhalation of ||particles of iron.

Sid"er*o*stat (?), n. [L. sidus, sideris, a star + Gr. &?;&?;&?; standing, fixed, fr. &?;&?;&?;&?; to place.] (Astron.) An apparatus consisting essentially of a mirror moved by clockwork so as to throw the rays of the sun or a star in a fixed direction; -- a more general term for heliostat.

||Sid`e*rox"y*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; iron + &?;&?;&?; ||wood.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical sapotaceous trees noted for their ||very hard wood; ironwood.

Side"sad`dle (?), n. A saddle for women, in which the rider sits with both feet on one side of the animal mounted.

Sidesaddle flower (Bot.), a plant with hollow leaves and curiously shaped flowers; -- called also huntsman's cup. See Sarracenia.

<! p. 1338 !>

Sides"man (?), n.; pl. Sidesmen (&?;). 1. A party man; a partisan. Milton.

2. An assistant to the churchwarden; a questman.

Side"-tak`ing (?), n. A taking sides, as with a party, sect, or faction. Bp. Hall.

Side"walk` (?), n. A walk for foot passengers at the side of a street or road; a foot pavement. [U.S.]

Side"ways` (?), adv. Toward the side; sidewise.

A second refraction made sideways.

Sir I. Newton.

His beard, a good palm's length, at least, . . . Shot sideways, like a swallow's wings.

Longfellow.

Side"-wheel`, a. Having a paddle wheel on each side; -- said of steam vessels; as, a side-wheel steamer.

Side"wind`er (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) See Horned rattler, under Horned.

2. A heavy swinging blow from the side, which disables an adversary. [Slang.] Side"wise` (?), adv. On or toward one side; laterally; sideways.

I saw them mask their awful glance Sidewise meek in gossamer lids.

Emerson.

Sid"ing (?), n. 1. Attaching one's self to a party.

2. A side track, as a railroad; a turnout.

3. (Carp.) The covering of the outside wall of a frame house, whether made of weatherboards, vertical boarding with cleats, shingles, or the like.

4. (Shipbuilding) The thickness of a rib or timber, measured, at right angles with its side, across the curved edge; as, a timber having a siding of ten inches.

Si"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sidled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sidling (?).] [From Side.] To go or move with one side foremost; to move sidewise; as, to sidle through a crowd or narrow opening. Swift.

He . . . then sidled close to the astonished girl.

Sir W. Scott.

Siege (?), n. [OE. sege, OF. siege, F. siège a seat, a siege; cf. It. seggia, seggio, zedio, a seat, asseggio, assedio, a siege, F. assiéger to besiege, It. & LL. assediare, L. obsidium a siege, besieging; all ultimately fr. L. sedere to sit. See Sit, and cf. See, n.] 1. A seat; especially, a royal seat; a throne. [Obs.] "Upon the very siege of justice." Shak.

A stately siege of sovereign majesty, And thereon sat a woman gorgeous gay.

Spenser.

In our great hall there stood a vacant chair . . . And Merlin called it "The siege perilous."

Tennyson.

2. Hence, place or situation; seat. [Obs.]

Ah! traitorous eyes, come out of your shameless siege forever.

Painter (Palace of Pleasure).

3. Rank; grade; station; estimation. [Obs.]

I fetch my life and being From men of royal siege.

Shak.

4. Passage of excrements; stool; fecal matter. [Obs.]

The siege of this mooncalf.

Shak.

5. The sitting of an army around or before a fortified place for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender; the surrounding or investing of a place by an army, and approaching it by passages and advanced works, which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire. See the Note under Blockade.

6. Hence, a continued attempt to gain possession.

Love stood the siege, and would not yield his breast.

Dryden.

7. The floor of a glass-furnace.

8. A workman's bench. Knught.

Siege gun, a heavy gun for siege operations. -- Siege train, artillery adapted for attacking fortified places.

Siege, v. t. To besiege; to beset. [R.]

Through all the dangers that can siege The life of man.

Buron.

Siege"work` (?), n. A temporary fort or parallel where siege guns are mounted.

Sie"mens-Mar`tin proc"ess (?). See Open-hearth process, etc., under Open.

Si"e*nite (?), n. (Min.) See Syenite.

Si`e*nit"ic (?), a. See Syenitic.

Si*en"na (?), n. [It. terra di Siena, fr. Siena in Italy.] (Chem.) Clay that is colored red or brown by the oxides of iron or manganese, and used as a pigment. It is used either in the raw state or burnt.

Burnt sienna, sienna made of a much redder color by the action of fire. -- Raw sienna, sienna in its natural state, of a transparent yellowish brown color.

Si`en*nese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Sienna, a city of Italy.

||Si*er"ra (?), n. [Sp., properly, a saw, fr. L. serra a saw. See ||Serrate.] A ridge of mountain and craggy rocks, with a serrated or ||irregular outline; as, the Sierra Nevada.

The wild sierra overhead.

Whitter.

||Si*es"ta (?), n. [Sp., probably fr. L. sessitare to sit much or long, ||v. freq. of sedere, sessum, to sit. See Sit.] A short sleep taken ||about the middle of the day, or after dinner; a midday nap.

||Sieur (?), n. [F., abbrev. from seigneur. Cf. Monsieur, Seignior.] ||Sir; -- a title of respect used by the French.

Sie"va (?), n. (Bot.) A small variety of the Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus).

Sieve (?), n. [OE. sive, AS. sife; akin to D. zeef, zift, OHG. sib, G. sieb. &radic;151a. Cf. Sift.] 1. A utensil for separating the finer and coarser parts of a pulverized or granulated substance from each other. It consist of a vessel, usually shallow, with the bottom perforated, or made of hair, wire, or the like, woven in meshes. "In a sieve thrown and sifted." Chaucer.

2. A kind of coarse basket. Simmonds.

Sieve cells (Bot.), cribriform cells. See under Cribriform.

Si"fac (?), n. (Zoöl.) The white indris of Madagascar. It is regarded by the natives as sacred.

Sif"fle*ment (?), n. [F., a whistling or hissing.] The act of whistling or hissing; a whistling sound; sibilation. [Obs.] A. Brewer.

Sif"i*let (?), n. [Cf. F. siflet.] (Zoöl.) The six-shafted bird of paradise. See Paradise bird, under Paradise.

Sift (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sifting.] [AS. siftan, from sife sieve. &radic;151a. See Sieve.] 1. To separate with a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the coarse; as, to sift meal or flour; to sift powder; to sift sand or lime.

2. To separate or part as if with a sieve.

When yellow sands are sifted from below, The glittering billows give a golden show.

Dryden.

3. To examine critically or minutely; to scrutinize.

Sifting the very utmost sentence and syllable.

Hooker.

Opportunity I here have had To try thee, sift thee.

Milton.

Let him but narrowly sift his ideas.

I. Taylor.

To sift out, to search out with care, as if by sifting.

Sift"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, sifts.

2. (Zoöl.) Any lamellirostral bird, as a duck or goose; -- so called because it sifts or strains its food from the water and mud by means of the lamell&?; of the beak.

Sig (?), n. [Akin to AS. sgan to fall. &radic;151a. See Sink, v. t.] Urine. [Prov. Eng.]

Si*gaul"ti*an (?), a. (Surg.) Pertaining to Sigault, a French physician. See Symphyseotomy.

Sig"ger, v. i. Same as Sicker. [Prov. Eng.]

Sigh (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sighed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sighing.] [OE. sighen, si&?;en; cf. also OE. siken, AS. scan, and OE. sighten, si&?;ten, sichten, AS. siccettan; all, perhaps, of imitative origin.] 1. To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and immediately expel it; to make a deep single audible respiration, especially as the result or involuntary expression of fatigue, exhaustion, grief, sorrow, or the like.

2. Hence, to lament; to grieve.

He sighed deeply in his spirit.

Mark viii. 12.

3. To make a sound like sighing.

And the coming wind did roar more loud, And the sails did sigh like sedge.

Coleridge.

The winter winds are wearily sighing.

Tennyson.

An extraordinary pronunciation of this word as sth is still heard in England and among the illiterate in the United States.

Sigh, v. t. 1. To exhale (the breath) in sighs.

Never man sighed truer breath.

Shak.

2. To utter sighs over; to lament or mourn over.

Ages to come, and men unborn, Shall bless her name, and sigh her fate.

Pior.

3. To express by sighs; to utter in or with sighs.

They . . . sighed forth proverbs.

Shak.

The gentle swain . . . sighs back her grief.

Hoole.

Sigh, n. [OE. sigh; cf. OE. sik. See Sigh, v. i.] 1. A deep and prolonged audible inspiration or respiration of air, as when fatigued or grieved; the act of sighing.

I could drive the boat with my sighs.

Shak.

2. Figuratively, a manifestation of grief; a lan&?;ent.

With their sighs the air Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite.

Milton.

Sigh"-born` (?), a. Sorrowful; mournful. [R.] "Sigh-born thoughts." De Quincey.

Sigh"er (?), n. One who sighs.

Sigh"ing, a. Uttering sighs; grieving; lamenting. "Sighing millions." Cowper. - - Sigh"ing*ly, adv.

Sight (?), n. [OE. sight, si&?;t, siht, AS. siht, gesiht, gesih&?;, gesieh&?;, gesyh&?;; akin to D. gezicht, G. sicht, gesicht, Dan. sigte, Sw. sigt, from the root of E. see. See See, v. t.] 1. The act of seeing; perception of objects by the eye; view; as, to gain sight of land.

A cloud received him out of their sight.

Acts. i. 9.

2. The power of seeing; the faculty of vision, or of perceiving objects by the instrumentality of the eyes.

Thy sight is young, And thou shalt read when mine begin to dazzle.

Shak.

O loss of sight, of thee I most complain!

Milton.

3. The state of admitting unobstructed vision; visibility; open view; region which the eye at one time surveys; space through which the power of vision extends; as, an object within sight.

4. A spectacle; a view; a show; something worth seeing.

Moses said, I will now turn aside and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt.

Ex. iii. 3.

They never saw a sight so fair.

Spenser.

5. The instrument of seeing; the eye.

Why cloud they not their sights?

Shak.

6. Inspection; examination; as, a letter intended for the sight of only one person.

7. Mental view; opinion; judgment; as, in their sight it was harmless. Wake.

That which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the sight of God.

Luke xvi. 15.

8. A small aperture through which objects are to be seen, and by which their direction is settled or ascertained; as, the sight of a quadrant.

Thier eyes of fire sparking through sights of steel.

Shak.

9. A small piece of metal, fixed or movable, on the breech, muzzle, center, or trunnion of a gun, or on the breech and the muzzle of a rifle, pistol, etc., by means of which the eye is guided in aiming. Farrow.

10. In a drawing, picture, etc., that part of the surface, as of paper or canvas, which is within the frame or the border or margin. In a frame or the like, the open space, the opening.

11. A great number, quantity, or sum; as, a sight of money. [Now colloquial]

Sight in this last sense was formerly employed in the best usage. "A sight of lawyers." Latimer.

A wonder sight of flowers.

Gower.

At sight, as soon as seen, or presented to sight; as, a draft payable at sight: to read Greek at sight; to shoot a person at sight. -- Front sight (Firearms), the sioht nearost the ouzzle. -- Open sight. (Firearms) (a) A front sight through which the objects aimed at may be seen, in distinction from one that hides the object. (b) A rear sight having an open notch instead of an aperture. -- Peep sight, Rear sight. See under Peep, and Rear. -- Sight draft, an order, or bill of exchange, directing the payment of money at sight. -- To take sight, to take aim; to look for the purpose of directing a piece of artillery, or the like.

Syn. -- Vision; view; show; spectacle; representation; exhibition.

Sight (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sighting.] 1. To get sight of; to see; as, to sight land; to sight a wreck. Kane.

2. To look at through a sight; to see accurately; as, to sight an object, as a star.

3. To apply sights to; to adjust the sights of; also, to give the proper elevation and direction to by means of a sight; as, to sight a rifle or a cannon.

Sight, v. i. (Mil.) To take aim by a sight.

Sight"ed, a. Having sight, or seeing, in a particular manner; -- used in composition; as, long- sighted, short-sighted, quick-sighted, sharp- sighted, and the like.

Sight"ful (?), a. Easily or clearly seen; distinctly visible; perspicuous. [Obs.] Testament of Love.

Sight"ful*ness, n. The state of being sightful; perspicuity. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Sight"-hole` (?), n. A hole for looking through; a peephole. "Stop all sight-holes." Shak.

Sight"ing, a. & n. from Sight, v. t.

Sighting shot, a shot made to ascertain whether the sights of a firearm are properly adjusted; a trial shot.

Sight"less, a. 1. Wanting sight; without sight; blind.

Of all who blindly creep or sightless soar.

Pope.

2. That can not be seen; invisible. [Obs.]

The sightless couriers of the air.

Shak.

3. Offensive or unpleasing to the eye; unsightly; as, sightless stains. [R.] Shak.

-- Sight"less*ly, adv.- Sight"less*ness, n.

Sight"li*ness (?), n. The state of being sightly; comeliness; conspicuousness.

Sight"ly (?), a. 1. Pleasing to the sight; comely. "Many brave, sightly horses." L'Estrange.

2. Open to sight; conspicuous; as, a house stands in a sightly place.

Sight"proof` (?), a. Undiscoverable to sight.

Hidden in their own sightproof bush.

Lowell.

Sight"-see`ing (?), a. Engaged in, or given to, seeing sights; eager for novelties or curiosities.

Sight"-see`ing, n. The act of seeing sights; eagerness for novelties or curiosities.

Sight"-se`er (?), n. One given to seeing sights or noted things, or eager for novelties or curiosities.

Sight"-shot` (?), n. Distance to which the sight can reach or be thrown. [R.] Cowley.

Sights"man (?), n.; pl. Sightsmen (&?;). (Mus.) One who reads or performs music readily at first sight. [R.] Busby.

Sig"il (?), n. [L. sigillum. See Seal a stamp.] A seal; a signature. Dryden.

Of talismans and sigils knew the power.

Pope.

||Sig`il*la"ri*a (?), n. pl. [L., from sigillum a seal. See Sigil.] ||(Rom. Antic.) Little images or figures of earthenware exposed for ||sale, or given as presents, on the last two days of the Saturnalia; ||hence, the last two, or the sixth and seventh, days of the ||Saturnalia.

||Sig`il*la"ri*a, n. [NL., fem sing. fr. L. sigillum a seal.] (Paleon.) ||A genus of fossil trees principally found in the coal formation; -- ||so named from the seallike leaf scars in vertical rows on the ||surface.

Sig`il*la"rid (?), n. (Paleon.) One of an extinct family of cryptagamous trees, including the genus Sigillaria and its allies.

Sig"il*la`ted (?), a. [L. sigillatus adorned with little images.] Decorated by means of stamps; -- said of pottery.

Sig"il*la*tive (?), a. [L. sigillum a seal: cf. OF. sigillatif.] Fit to seal; belonging to a seal; composed of wax. [R.]

||Si*gil"lum (?), n.; pl. Sigilla (#). [L.] (Rom. & Old Eng. Law) A ||seal.

||Sig"la (?), n. pl. [L.] The signs, abbreviations, letters, or ||characters standing for words, shorthand, etc., in ancient ||manuscripts, or on coins, medals, etc. W. Savage.

||Sig"ma (?), n.; pl. Sigmas (#). [L., from Gr. &?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;.] ||The Greek letter , &sigma;, or (English S, or s). It originally had ||the form of the English C.