Chapter 92

Ar"il (#) , A*ril"lus (#) , n. [From LL. arilli dry grapes, perh. fr. L. aridus dry: cf. F,. arille .] (Bot.) A exterior covering, forming a false coat or appendage to a seed, as the loose, transparent bag inclosing the seed or the white water lily. The mace of the nutmeg is also an aril .

Gray.

Arillate . Arllated, Ariled <Xpage=81>

Ar"il*late (#) . Ar"l*la`ted (#) , Ar"iled (#) , a. [Cf. NL. arillatus , F. arill\'82 .] Having an aril.

Ariman <Xpage=81>

A"ri*man (#) , n. See Ahriman .

Ariolation <Xpage=81>

Ar`i*o*la"tion (#) , n. [L. ariolatio , hariolatio , fr. hariolari to prophesy, fr. hariolus soothsayer.] A soothsaying; a foretelling. [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

Ariose <Xpage=81>

Ar"i*ose (#) , a. [It. arioso , fr. aria .] Characterized by melody, as distinguished from harmony.

Mendelssohn wants the ariose beauty of Handel; vocal melody is not his forte; the interest of his airs harmonic. Foreign Quart. Rev.

Arioso <Xpage=81>

A`ri*o"so (#) , adv. & a. [It.] (Mus.) In the smooth and melodious style of an air; ariose.

Arise <Xpage=81>

A*rise" (#) , v. i. [ imp. Arose (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Arising ; p. p. Arisen (#) .] . [AS. \'ber\'c6san ; \'be (equiv. to Goth. us- , ur- , G. er- , orig. meaning out) + r\'c6san to rise; cf. Goth. urreisan to arise. See Rise .] 1. To come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount; to ascend; to rise; as, to arise from a kneeling posture; a cloud arose ; the sun ariseth ; he arose early in the morning.

2. To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself; as, the waves of the sea arose ; a persecution arose ; the wrath of the king shall arise .

There arose up a new king . . . which knew not Joseph. Ex. i. 8.

The doubts that in his heart arose . Milton.

3. To proceed; to issue; to spring.

Whence haply mention may arise

Of something not unseasonable to ask. Milton.

Arise <Xpage=81>

A*rise" , n. Rising. [Obs.]

Drayton.

Arist <Xpage=81>

A*rist" (#) , 3d sing. pres. of Arise , for ariseth . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Arista <Xpage=81>

A*ris"ta (#) , n. [L.] (Bot.) An awn.

Gray.

Aristarch <Xpage=81>

Ar"is*tarch (#) , n. [From Aristarchus , a Greek grammarian and critic, of Alexandria, about 200 b. c .] A severe critic.

Knowles.

Aristarchian <Xpage=81>

Ar`is*tar"chi*an (#) , a. Severely critical.

Aristarchy <Xpage=81>

Ar"is*tar`chy (#) , n. Severely criticism.

Aristarchy <Xpage=81>

Ar"is*tar`chy (#) , n. Severe criticism. [Obs.]

Sir J. Harrington.

Aristate <Xpage=81>

A*ris"tate (#) , a. [L. aristatus , fr. arista . See Arista .] 1. (Bot.) Having a pointed, beardlike process, as the glumes of wheat; awned.

Gray.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a slender, sharp, or spinelike tip.

Aristocracy <Xpage=81>

Ar`is*toc"ra*cy (#) , n. ; pl. Aristocracies (#) . [Gr. <?/; <?/ best + <?/ to be strong, to rule, <?/ strength; <?/ is perh. from the same root as E. arm , and orig. meant fitting : cf. F. aristocratie . See Arm , and Create , which is related to Gr. <?/.] 1. Government by the best citizens.

2. A ruling body composed of the best citizens. [Obs.]

In the Senate Right not our quest in this, I will protest them To all the world, no aristocracy . B. Jonson.

3. A form a government, in which the supreme power is vested in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged order; an oligarchy.

The aristocracy of Venice hath admitted so many abuses, trough the degeneracy of the nobles, that the period of its duration seems approach. Swift.

4. The nobles or chief persons in a state; a privileged class or patrician order; (in a popular use) those who are regarded as superior to the rest of the community, as in rank, fortune, or intellect.

Aristocrat <Xpage=81>

A*ris"to*crat (?; 277) , n. [F. aristocrate . See Aristocracy .] 1. One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble.

2. One who is overbearing in his temper or habits; a proud or haughty person.

A born aristocrat , bred radical. Mrs. Browning.

3. One who favors an aristocracy as a form of government, or believes the aristocracy should govern.

His whole family are accused of being aristocrats . Romilly.

Aristocratic, Aristocratical <Xpage=81>

Ar`is*to*crat"ic (#) , Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al (#) , a. [Gr. <?/: cf. F. aristocratique .] 1. Of or pertaining to an aristocracy; consisting in, or favoring, a government of nobles, or principal men; as, an aristocratic constitution .

2. Partaking of aristocracy; befitting aristocracy; characteristic of, or originating with, the aristocracy; as, an aristocratic measure; aristocratic pride or manners. -- Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ly , adv. -- Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ness , n.

Aristocratism <Xpage=81>

Ar"is*to*crat`ism (#) , n. 1. The principles of aristocrats.

Romilly.

2. Aristocrats, collectively. [R.]

Aristology <Xpage=81>

Ar`is*tol"o*gy (#) , n. [Gr. <?/ dinner + -logy .] The science of dining.

Quart. Rev.

Aristophanic <Xpage=81>

Ar`is*to*phan"ic (#) , a. Of or pertaining to Aristophanes, the Athenian comic poet.

Aristotelian <Xpage=81>

Ar`is*to*te"li*an (?; 277) , a. Of or pertaining to Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher (384-322 b. c .). -- n. A follower of Aristotle; a Peripatetic. See Peripatetic .

Aristotelianism <Xpage=81>

Ar`is*to*te"li*an*ism (#) . The philosophy of Aristotle, otherwise called the Peripatetic philosophy.

Aristotelic <Xpage=81>

Ar`is*to*tel"ic (#) , a. Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy. " Aristotelic usage."

Sir W. Hamilton.

Aristotle's lantern <Xpage=81>

Ar"is*to`tle's lan"tern (#) . (Zo\'94l.) The five united jaws and accessory ossicles of certain sea urchins.

Aristulate <Xpage=81>

A*ris"tu*late (?; 135) , a. [Dim. fr. arista .] (Bot.) Pertaining a short beard or awn.

Gray.

Arithmancy <Xpage=81>

Ar"ith*man`cy (#) , n. [Gr. <?/ number + -mancy .] Divination by means of numbers.

Arithmetic <Xpage=81>

A*rith"me*tic (#) , n. [OE. arsmetike , OF. arismetique , L. arithmetica , fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ arithmetical, fr. <?/ to number, fr. <?/ number, prob. fr. same root as E. arm , the idea of counting coming from that of fitting, attaching. See Arm . The modern Eng. and French forms are accommodated to the Greek.] 1. The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.

2. A book containing the principles of this science.

Arithmetic of sines , trigonometry. -- Political arithmetic , the application of the science of numbers to problems in civil government, political economy, and social science. -- Universal arithmetic , the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to algebra.

Arithmetical <Xpage=81>

Ar`ith*met"ic*al (#) , a. Of or pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of arithmetic.

Arithmetical complement of a logarithm . See Logarithm . -- Arithmetical mean . See Mean . -- Arithmetical progression . See Progression . -- Arithmetical proportion . See Proportion .

Arithmetically <Xpage=81>

Ar`ith*met"ic*al*ly , adv. Conformably to the principles or methods of arithmetic.

Arithmetician <Xpage=81>

A*rith`me*ti"cian (#) , n. [Cf. F. arithm\'82ticien .] One skilled in arithmetic.

Arithmomancy <Xpage=81>

A*rith"mo*man"cy (#) , n. Arithmancy.

Arithmometer <Xpage=81>

Ar`ith*mom"e*ter (#) , n. [Gr. <?/ number + -meter : cf. F. arithmom\'8atre .] A calculating machine.

Ark <Xpage=81>

Ark (#) , n. [OE. ark , arke , arche , AS. arc , earc , earce , fr. L. arca , fr. arcere to inclose, keep off; akin to Gr. <?/ to keep off.] 1. A chest, or coffer. [Obs.]

Bearing that precious relic in an ark . Spenser.

2. (Jewish Hist.) The oblong chest of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone containing the ten commandments. Called also the Ark of the Covenant .

3. The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and his family were preserved during the Deluge. Gen. vi . Hence: Any place of refuge.

4. A large flatboat used on Western American rivers to transport produce to market.

Arkite <Xpage=81>

Ark"ite (#) , a. Belonging to the ark. [R.]

Faber.

Ark shell <Xpage=81>

Ark" shell` (#) . (Zo\'94l.) A marine bivalve shell belonging to the genus Arca and its allies.

Arles <Xpage=81>

Arles (#) , n. pl. [Cf. F. arrhes , Scot. airles . Cf. Earles penny .] An earnest; earnest money; money paid to bind a bargain. [Scot.]

Arles penny , earnest money given to servants. Kersey.

Arm <Xpage=81>

Arm (#) , n. [AS. arm , earm ; akin to OHG. aram , G., D., Dan., & Sw. arm , Icel. armr , Goth. arms , L. armus arm, shoulder, and prob. to Gr. <?/ joining, joint, shoulder, fr. the root <?/ to join, to fit together; cf. Slav. rame . <?/. See Art , Article .] 1. The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey.

2. Anything resembling an arm ; as, (a) The fore limb of an animal, as of a bear . (b) A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal. (c) A branch of a tree. (d) A slender part of an instrument or machine, projecting from a trunk, axis, or fulcrum; as, the arm of a steelyard . (e) (Naut) The end of a yard; also, the part of an anchor which ends in the fluke. (f) An inlet of water from the sea. (g) A support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a sofa, etc.

3. Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; as, the secular arm ; the arm of the law.

To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? Isa. lii. 1.

Arm's end , the end of the arm; a good distance off. Dryden . -- Arm's length , the length of the arm. -- Arm's reach , reach of the arm; the distance the arm can reach. -- To go (or walk ) arm in arm , to go with the arm or hand of one linked in the arm of another. "When arm in arm we went along." Tennyson . -- To keep at arm's length , to keep at a distance (literally or figuratively); not to allow to come into close contact or familiar intercourse. -- To work at arm's length , to work disadvantageously.

Arm <Xpage=81>

Arm , n. [See Arms .] (Mil.) (a) A branch of the military service; as, the cavalry arm was made efficient . (b) A weapon of offense or defense; an instrument of warfare; -- commonly in the pl.

Arm <Xpage=81>

Arm , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Armed (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Arming .] [OE. armen , F. armer , fr. L. armare , fr. arma , pl., arms. See arms .] 1. To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms. [Obs.]

And make him with our pikes and partisans A grave: come, arm him. Shak.

Arm your prize; I know you will not lose him. Two N. Kins.

2. To furnish with arms or limbs. [R.]

His shoulders broad and strong, Armed long and round. Beau. & Fl.

3. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense; as, to arm soldiers; to arm the country.

Abram . . . armed his trained servants. Gen. xiv. 14.

4. To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency; as, to arm the hit of a sword; to arm a hook in angling.

5. Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense.

Arm yourselves . . . with the same mind. 1 Pet. iv. 1.

To arm a magnet , to fit it with an armature.

Arm <Xpage=81>

Arm , v. i. To provide one's self with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms. " 'Tis time to arm ."

Shak.

<-- p. 82 -->

Armada <Xpage=82>

Ar*ma"da (#) , n. [Sp. armada , L. as if armata (sc. classic fleet), fr. armatus , p. p. of armare . See Arm , v. t. Army .] A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. Specifically, the Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England, a . d . 1558.

Armadillo <Xpage=82>

Ar`ma*dil"lo (#) , n. ; pl. Armadillos (#) . [Sp. armadillo , dim. of armado armed, p. p. of armar to arm. Do called from being armed with a bony shell.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any edentate animal if the family Dasypid\'91 , peculiar to America. The body and head are incased in an armor composed of small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a ball, presenting the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good food. There are several species, one of which (the peba) is found as far north as Texas. See Peba , Poyou , Tatouay . (b) A genus of small isopod Crustacea that can roll themselves into a ball.

Armado <Xpage=82>

Ar*ma"do (#) , n. Armada. [Obs.]

Armament <Xpage=82>

Ar"ma*ment (#) , n. [L. armamenta , pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship, fr. armare to arm: cf. LL. armamentum , F. armement .] 1. A body of forces equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force. "The whole united armament of Greece."

Glover.

2. (Mil. & Nav.) All the cannon and small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a ship or a fortification.

3. Any equipment for resistance.

Armamentary <Xpage=82>

Ar`ma*men"ta*ry (#) , n. [L. armamentarium , fr. armamentum : cf. F. armamentaire .] An armory; a magazine or arsenal. [R.]

Armature <Xpage=82>

Ar"ma*ture (#) , n. [L. armatura , fr. armare to arm: cf. F. armature . See Arm , v. t., Armor .] 1. Armor; whatever is worn or used for the protection and defense of the body, esp. the protective outfit of some animals and plants.

2. (Magnetism) A piece of soft iron used to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electro-magnet, in order to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it serves to prevent the dissipation of the magnetic force.

3. (Arch.) Iron bars or framing employed for the consolidation of a building, as in sustaining slender columns, holding up canopies, etc.

Oxf. Gloss.

Armchair <Xpage=82>

Arm"chair` (#) , n. A chair with arms to support the elbows or forearms.

Tennyson.

Armed <Xpage=82>

Armed (#) , a. 1. Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the means of security or protection. "And armed host."

Dryden.

2. Furnished with whatever serves to add strength, force, or efficiency.

A distemper eminently armed from heaven. De Foe.

3. (Her.) Having horns, beak, talons, etc; -- said of beasts and birds of prey.

Armed at all points (Blazoning) , completely incased in armor, sometimes described as armed cap-\'85-pie . Cussans . -- Armed en flute . (Naut.) See under Flute . -- Armed magnet , a magnet provided with an armature. -- Armed neutrality . See under Neutrality .

Armenian <Xpage=82>

Ar*me"ni*an (#) , a. [Cf. F. Arm\'82nien , L. Armenias , fr. Armenia .] Of or pertaining to Armenia.

Armenian bole , a soft clayey earth of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc. -- Armenian stone . (a) The commercial name of lapis lazuli. (b) Emery.

Armenian <Xpage=82>

Ar*me"ni*an , n. 1. A native or one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the Armenians.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) An adherent of the Armenian Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman Catholic.

Armet <Xpage=82>

Arm"et (#) , n. [F., dim. of arme arm, or corrupted for healmet helmet.] A kind of helmet worn in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.

Armful <Xpage=82>

Arm"ful (#) , n. ; pl. Armfulus (#) . As much as the arm can hold.

Armgaunt <Xpage=82>

Arm"gaunt` (#) , a. With gaunt or slender legs. (?) "An armgaunt steed."

Shak.

&hand; This word is peculiar to Shakespeare. Its meaning has not yet been satisfactorily explained.

Arm-gret <Xpage=82>

Arm"-gret` (#) , a. Great as a man's arm. [Obs.]

A wreath of gold, arm - gret . Chaucer.

Armhole <Xpage=82>

Arm"hole` (#) , n. [ Arm + hole .] 1. The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit.

Bacon.

2. A hole for the arm in a garment.

Armiferous <Xpage=82>

Ar*mif"er*ous (#) , a. [L. armifer ; arma arms + ferre to bear.] Bearing arms or weapons. [R.]

Armiger <Xpage=82>

Ar"mi*ger (#) , n. [L. armiger armor bearer; arma arms + gerere to bear.] Formerly, an armor bearer, as of a knight, an esquire who bore his shield and rendered other services. In later use, one next in degree to a knight, and entitled to armorial bearings. The term is now superseded by esquire .

Jacob.

Armigerous <Xpage=82>

Ar*mig"er*ous (#) , a. Bearing arms. [R.]