Chapter 93

They belonged to the armigerous part of the population, and were entitled to write themselves Esquire. De Quincey.

Armil <Xpage=82>

Ar"mil (#) , n. [L. armilla a bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. OF. armille .] 1. A bracelet. [Obs.]

2. An ancient astronomical instrument.

&hand; When composed of one ring placed in the plane of the equator for determining the time of the equinoxes, it is called an equinoctial armil ; when of two or more rings, one in the plane of the meridian, for observing the solstices, it is called a solstitial armil .

Whewell.

Armilla <Xpage=82>

Ar*mil"la (#) , n. ; pl. E. Armillas (#) , L. Armill\'91 (#) . [L., a bracelet.] 1. An armil.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A ring of hair or feathers on the legs.

Armillary <Xpage=82>

Ar"mil*la*ry (#) , a. [LL. armillarius , fr. L. armilla arm ring, bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. F. armillaire . See Arm , n. ] Pertaining to, or resembling, a bracelet or ring; consisting of rings or circles.

Armillary sphere , an ancient astronomical machine composed of an assemblage of rings, all circles of the same sphere, designed to represent the positions of the important circles of the celestial sphere.

Nichol.

Arming <Xpage=82>

Arm"ing (#) , n. 1. The act of furnishing with, or taking, arms.

The arming was now universal. Macaulay.

2. (Naut.) A piece of tallow placed in a cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand, shells, etc., of the sea bottom.

Totten.

3. pl. (Naut.) Red dress cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works on holidays.

Arming press (Bookbinding) , a press for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books.

Arminian <Xpage=82>

Ar*min"i*an (?; 277) , a. Of or pertaining to Arminius of his followers, or to their doctrines. See note under Arminian , n.

Arminian <Xpage=82>

Ar*min"i*an , n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who holds the tenets of Arminius, a Dutch divine (b. 1560, d. 1609).

The Arminian doctrines are: 1. Conditional election and reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2. Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of the benefit. 3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit, which is the gift of God. 4. That man may resist divine grace. 5. That man may relapse from a state of grace.

Arminianism <Xpage=82>

Ar*min"i*an*ism (#) , n. The religious doctrines or tenets of the Arminians.

Armipotence <Xpage=82>

Ar*mip"o*tence (#) , n. [L. armipotentia , fr. armipotents .] Power in arms. [R.]

Johnson.

Armipotent <Xpage=82>

Ar*mip"o*tent (#) , a. [L. armipotents ; arma arms + potens powerful, p. pr. of posse to be able.] Powerful in arms; mighty in battle.

The temple stood of Mars armipotent . Dryden.

Armisonant, Armisonous <Xpage=82>

Ar*mis"o*nant (#) , Ar*mis"o*nous (#) , a. [L. armisonus ; arma arms + sonare (p. pr. sonans ) to sound.] Rustling in arms; resounding with arms. [Obs.]

Armistice <Xpage=82>

Ar"mis*tice (#) , n. [F. armistice , fr. (an assumed word) L. armistitium ; arma arms + stare , statum (combining form, -stitum ), to stand still.] A cessation of arms for a short time, by convention; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a truce.

Armless <Xpage=82>

Arm"less (#) , a. 1. Without any arm or branch.

2. Destitute of arms or weapons.

Armlet <Xpage=82>

Arm"let (#) , n. [ Arm + -let .] 1. A small arm; as, an armlet of the sea .

Johnson.

2. An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm.

3. Armor for the arm.

Armoniac <Xpage=82>

Ar*mo"ni*ac (#) , a. Ammoniac. [Obs.]

Armor <Xpage=82>

Ar"mor (#) , n. [OE. armure , fr. F. armure , OF. armeure , fr. L. armatura . See Armature .] [Spelt also armour .] 1. Defensive arms for the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person in battle.

&hand; In English statues, armor is used for the whole apparatus of war, including offensive as well as defensive arms. The statues of armor directed what arms every man should provide.

2. Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or forts, protecting them from the fire of artillery.

Coat armor , the escutcheon of a person or family, with its several charges and other furniture, as mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc. -- Submarine , a water-tight dress or covering for a diver. See under Submarine .

Armor-bearer <Xpage=82>

Ar"mor-bear`er (#) , n. One who carries the armor or arms of another; an armiger.

Judg. ix. 54.

Armored <Xpage=82>

Ar"mored (#) , a. Clad with armor.

Armorer <Xpage=82>

Ar"mor*er (#) , n. [OE. armurer , armerer , fr. F. armurter , fr. armure armor.] 1. One who makes or repairs armor or arms.

2. Formerly, one who had care of the arms and armor of a knight, and who dressed him in armor.

Shak.

3. One who has the care of arms and armor, cleans or repairs them, etc.

Armorial <Xpage=82>

Ar*mo"ri*al (#) , a. [F. armorial , fr. armoiries arms, coats of arms, for armoieries , fr. OF. armoier to paint arms, coats of arms, fr. armes , fr. L. arma . See Arms , Armory .] Belonging to armor, or to the heraldic arms or escutcheon of a family.

Figures with armorial signs of race and birth. Wordsworth.

Armorial bearings . See Arms , 4 .

Armoric, Armorican <Xpage=82>

Ar*mor"ic (#) , Ar*mor"i*can (#) , a. [L. Armoricus , fr. Celtic ar on, at + mor sea.] Of or pertaining to the northwestern part of France (formerly called Armorica , now Bretagne or Brittany), or to its people. -- n. The language of the Armoricans, a Celtic dialect which has remained to the present times.

Armorican <Xpage=82>

Ar*mor"i*can , n. A native of Armorica.

Armorist <Xpage=82>

Ar"mor*ist (#) , n. [F. armoriste .] One skilled in coat armor or heraldry.

Cussans.

Armor-plated <Xpage=82>

Ar"mor-plat`ed (#) , a. Covered with defensive plates of metal, as a ship of war; steel-clad.

This day will be launched . . . the first armor-plated steam frigate in the possession of Great Britain.

Times (Dec. 29, 1860).

Armory <Xpage=82>

Ar"mo*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Armories (#) . [OF. armaire , armarie , F. armoire , fr. L. armarium place for keeping arms; but confused with F. armoiries . See Armorial , Ambry .] 1. A place where arms and instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping.

2. Armor: defensive and offensive arms.

Celestial armory , shields, helms, and spears. Milton.

3. A manufactory of arms, as rifles, muskets, pistols, bayonets, swords. [U.S.]

4. Ensigns armorial; armorial bearings.

Spensplw.

5. That branch of hplwaldry which treats of coat armor.

The science of heraldry, or, more justly speaking, armory , which is but one branch of heraldry, is, without doubt, of very ancient origin. Cussans.

Armozeen, Armozine <Xpage=82>

Ar`mo*zeen" , Ar`mo*zine" (#) , n. [ets>armosin , armoisin .] A thick plain silk, generally black, and used for clerical.

Simmonds.

Armpit <Xpage=82>

Arm"pit` (#) , n. [ Arm + pit .] The hollow beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the axilla.

Armrack <Xpage=82>

Arm"rack` (#) , n. A frame, generally vertical, for holding small arms.

Arms <Xpage=82>

Arms (#) , n. pl. [OE. armes , F. arme , pl. armes , fr. L. arma , pl., arms, orig. fittings, akin to armus shoulder, and E. arm . See Arm , n. ] 1. Instruments or weapons of offense or defense.

He lays down his arms , but not his wiles. Milton.

Three horses and three goodly suits of arms . Tennyson.

2. The deeds or exploits of war; military service or science. " Arms and the man I sing."

Dryden.

3. (Law) Anything which a man takes in his hand in anger, to strike or assault another with; an aggressive weapon.

Cowell. Blackstone.

4. (Her.) The ensigns armorial of a family, consisting of figures and colors borne in shields, banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and descending from father to son.

5. (Falconry) The legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot.

Halliwell.

Bred to arms , educated to the profession of a soldier. -- In arms , armed for war; in a state of hostility. -- Small arms , portable firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, etc. -- A stand of arms , a complete set for one soldier, as a musket, bayonet, cartridge box and belt; frequently, the musket and bayonet alone. -- To arms ! a summons to war or battle. -- Under arms , armed and equipped and in readiness for battle, or for a military parade.

Arm's end , Arm's length , Arm's reach . See under Arm .

Armure <Xpage=82>

Ar"mure (#) , n. [F. See Armor .] 1. Armor. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

2. A variety of twilled fabric ribbed on the surface.

Army <Xpage=82>

Ar"my (#) , n. [F. arm\'82e , fr. L. armata , fem. of armatus , p. p. of armare to arm. Cf. Armada .] 1. A collection or body of men armed for war, esp. one organized in companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, under proper officers.

2. A body of persons organized for the advancement of a cause; as, the Blue Ribbon Army .

3. A great number; a vast multitude; a host.

An army of good words. Shak.

Standing army , a permanent army of professional soldiers, as distinguished from militia or volunteers.

Army worm <Xpage=82>

Ar"my worm` (#) . (Zo\'94l.) (a) A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval state often travels in great multitudes from field to field, destroying grass, grain, and other crops. The common army worm of the northern United States is Leucania unipuncta . The name is often applied to other related species, as the cotton worm. (b) The larva of a small two-winged fly (Sciara) , which marches in large companies, in regular order. See Cotton worm , under Cotton .

Arna, Arnee <Xpage=82>

Ar"na (#) , Ar"nee (#) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The wild buffalo of India ( Bos, or Bubalus, arni ), larger than the domestic buffalo and having enormous horns.

Arnatto <Xpage=82>

Ar*nat"to (#) , n. See Annotto .

Arnica <Xpage=82>

Ar"ni*ca (#) , n. [Prob. a corruption of ptarmica .] (Bot.) A genus of plants; also, the most important species (Arnica montana) , native of the mountains of Europe, used in medicine as a narcotic and stimulant.

&hand; The tincture of arnica is applied externally as a remedy for bruises, sprains, etc.

Arnicin <Xpage=82>

Ar"ni*cin (#) , n. [See Arnica .] (Chem.) An active principle of Arnica montana . It is a bitter resin.

Arnicine <Xpage=82>

Ar"ni*cine (#) , n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the arnica plant.

Arnot, Arnut <Xpage=82>

Ar"not (#) , Ar"nut (#) , n. [Cf. D. aardnoot , E. earthut .] The earthnut. [Obs.]

Arnotto <Xpage=82>

Ar*not"to (#) , n. Same as Annotto .

Aroid, Aroideous <Xpage=82>

A"roid (#) , A*roid"e*ous (#) , a. [ Ar um + - oid .] (Bot.) Belonging to, or resembling, the Arum family of plants.

Aroint <Xpage=82>

A*roint" (#) , interj. [Cf. Prov. E. rynt , rynt thee, roynt , or runt , terms used by milkmaids to a cow that has been milked, in order to drive her away, to make room for others; AS. r<?/man to make room or way, fr. r<?/m room. The final t is perh. for ta , for thou . Cf. Room space.] Stand off, or begone. [Obs.]

Aroint thee, witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries. Shak.

Aroint <Xpage=82>

A*roint" , v. t. To drive or scare off by some exclamation. [R.] "Whiskered cats arointed flee." Mrs. Browning .

Aroma <Xpage=82>

A*ro"ma (#) , n. [L. aroma , Gr. <?/: cf. OE. aromaz , aromat , spice, F. aromate .] 1. The quality or principle of plants or other substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor; as, the aroma of coffee .

2. Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual power; flavor; as, the subtile aroma of genius .

Aromatic, Aromatical <Xpage=82>

Ar`o*mat"ic (#) , Ar`o*mat"ic*al (#) , a. [L. aromaticus , Gr. <?/: cf. F. aromatique . See Aroma .] Pertaining to, or containing, aroma; fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odoriferous; as, aromatic balsam .

<-- p. 83 -->

Aromatic compound (Chem.) , one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the benzene group, C6H6 . The term is extended also to many of their derivatives. -- Aromatic vinegar . See under Vinegar .

Aromatic <Xpage=83>

Ar`o*mat"ic (#) , n. A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.

Aromatization <Xpage=83>

Ar`o*mat`i*za"tion (#) , n. [Cf. F. aromatisation .] The act of impregnating or secting with aroma.

Aromatize <Xpage=83>

A*ro"ma*tize (?; 277) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Aromatized (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Aromatizing .] [L. aromatizare , Gr. <?/: cf. F. aromatiser .] To impregnate with aroma; to render aromatic; to give a spicy scent or taste to; to perfume.

Bacon.

Aromatizer <Xpage=83>

A*ro"ma*ti`zer (#) , n. One who, or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic.

Evelyn.

Aromatous <Xpage=83>

A*ro"ma*tous (#) , a. Aromatic. [Obs.]

Caxton.

Aroph <Xpage=83>

Ar"oph (#) , n. [A contraction of aro ma ph ilosophorum.] A barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various medical remedies. [Obs.]

Arose <Xpage=83>

A*rose" (#) . The past or preterit tense of Arise .

Around <Xpage=83>

A*round" (#) , adv. [Pref. a- + round .] 1. In a circle; circularly; on every side; round.

2. In a circuit; here and there within the surrounding space; all about; as, to travel around from town to town .

3. Near; in the neighborhood; as, this man was standing around when the fight took place . [Colloq. U. S.]

&hand; See Round , the shorter form, adv. & prep. , which, in some of the meanings, is more commonly used.

Around <Xpage=83>

A*round" , prep. 1. On all sides of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the circuit of; about.

A lambent flame arose, which gently spread Around his brows. Dryden.

2. From one part to another of; at random through; about; on another side of; as, to travel around the country; a house standing around the corner. [Colloq. U. S.]

Arousal <Xpage=83>

A*rous"al (#) , n. The act of arousing, or the state of being aroused.

Whatever has associated itself with the arousal and activity of our better nature. Hare.

Arouse <Xpage=83>

A*rouse" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Aroused (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Arousing .] [Pref. a- + rouse .] To excite to action from a state of rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite; as, to arouse one from sleep; to arouse the dormant faculties.

Grasping his spear, forth issued to arouse His brother, mighty sovereign on the host. Cowper.

No suspicion was aroused . Merivale.

Arow <Xpage=83>

A*row" (#) , adv. [Pref. a- + row .] In a row, line, or rank; successively; in order.

Shak.

And twenty, rank in rank, they rode arow . Dryden.

Aroynt <Xpage=83>

A*roynt" (#) , interj. See Aroint .

Arpeggio <Xpage=83>

Ar*peg"gio (#) , n. [It., fr. arpeggiare to play on the harp, fr. arpa harp.] (Mus.) The production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, as in playing the harp, and not simultaneously; a strain thus played.

Arpent, Arpen <Xpage=83>

Ar"pent (#) , Ar"pen (#) , n. [F. arpent , fr. L. arepennis , arapennis . According to Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. to half a Roman jugerum .] Formerly, a measure of land in France, varying in different parts of the country. The arpent of Paris was 4,088 sq. yards, or nearly five sixths of an English acre. The woodland arpent was about 1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English.

Arpentator <Xpage=83>

Ar`pen*ta"tor (#) , n. [See Arpent .] The Anglicized form of the French arpenteur , a land surveyor. [R.]

Arpine <Xpage=83>

Ar"pine (#) , n. An arpent. [Obs.]

Webster (1623).

Arquated <Xpage=83>

Ar"qua*ted (#) , a. Shaped like a bow; arcuate; curved. [R.]

Arquebus, Arquebuse <Xpage=83>

Ar"que*bus , Ar"que*buse (?; 277) , n. [F. arquebuse , OF. harquebuse , fr. D. haak - bus ; cf. G. hakenb\'81chse a gun with a hook. See Hagbut .] A sort of hand gun or firearm a contrivance answering to a trigger, by which the burning match was applied. The musket was a later invention. [Written also harquebus .]

Arquebusade <Xpage=83>

Ar`que*bus*ade" (#) , n. [F. arquebusade shot of an arquebus; eau d' arquebusade a vulnerary for gunshot wounds.] 1. The shot of an arquebus.

Ash.