Chapter 1418

Sal"low (?) , n. [OE. salwe , AS. sealth ; akin to OHG. salaha , G. salwiede , Icel. selja L. salix , Ir. sail , saileach , Gael. seileach , W. helyg , Gr. <?/.] 1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic]

Tennyson.

And bend the pliant sallow to a shield. Fawkes.

The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb. Emerson.

2. (Bot.) A name given to certain species of willow, especially those which do not have flexible shoots, as Salix caprea , S . cinerea , etc.

Sallow thorn (Bot.) , a European thorny shrub ( Hippophae rhamnoides ) much like an El\'91agnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.

Sallow <Xpage=1270>

Sal"low , a. [ Compar. Sallower (?) ; superl. Sallowest .] [AS. salu ; akin to D. zaluw , OHG. salo , Icel. s\'94lr yellow.] Having a yellowish color; of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; as, a sallow skin .

Shak.

Sallow <Xpage=1270>

Sal"low , v. t. To tinge with sallowness. [Poetic]

July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields. Lowell.

Sallowish <Xpage=1270>

Sal"low*ish , a. Somewhat sallow.

Dickens.

Sallowness <Xpage=1270>

Sal"low*ness (?) , n. The quality or condition of being sallow.

Addison.

Sally <Xpage=1270>

Sal"ly (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Sallied (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sallying .] [F. saillir , fr. L. salire to leap, spring, akin to gr. <?/; cf. Skr. <?/ to go, to flow. Cf. Sallient , Assail , Assault , Exult , Insult , Saltation , Saltire .] To leap or rush out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a sally.

They break the truce, and sally out by night. Dryden.

The foe retires, -- she heads the sallying host. Byron.

Sally <Xpage=1270>

Sal"ly , n. ; pl. Sallies (#) . [F. saillie , fr. sailir . See Sally , v. ] 1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.

2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie.

Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were beaten in with loss. Bacon.

3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression; deviation.

Every one shall know a country better that makes often sallies into it, and traverses it up and down, than he that . . . goes still round in the same track. Locke.

4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a flashing forth of a quick and active mind.

The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his sallies . Sir W. Scott.

5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness; act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade.

The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth. Sir H. Wotton.

Sally port . (a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground, from the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a sortie . (b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship, for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker or a large modern ironclad.

Sally Lunn <Xpage=1270>

Sal"ly Lunn" (?) . [From a woman, Sally Lunn , who is said to have first made the cakes, and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.] A tea cake slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in the form of biscuits or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with butter.

Sallyman <Xpage=1270>

Sal"ly*man (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The velella; -- called also saleeman .

Salm <Xpage=1270>

Salm (?) , n. Psalm. [Obs.]

Piers plowman.

Salmagundi <Xpage=1270>

Sal`ma*gun"di (?) , n. [F. salmigondis of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. salgama condita , pl.; salgama pickles + condita preserved (see Condite ); or from the Countess Salmagondi , lady of honor to Maria de Medici, who is said to have invented it; or cf. It. salame salt meat, and F. salmis a ragout.] 1. A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring, with oil, vinegar, pepper, and onions.

Johnson.

2. Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio or medley; a potpourri; a miscellany.

W. Irving.

Salmi <Xpage=1270>

Sal"mi (?) , n. (Cookery) Same as Salmis .

Salmiac <Xpage=1270>

Sal"mi*ac (?) , n. [Cf. F. salmiac , G. salmiak .] (Old Chem.) Sal ammoniac. See under Sal .

Salmis <Xpage=1270>

Sal`mis" (?) , n. [F.] (Cookery) A ragout or partky roasted game stewed with sauce, wine, bread, and condiments suited to provoke appetite.

Salmon <Xpage=1270>

Salm"on (?) , n. ; pl. Salmons (#) or ( collectively ) Salmon . [OE. saumoun , salmon , F. saumon , fr. L. salmo , salmonis perhaps from salire to leap. Cf. Sally , v .] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo and allied genera. The common salmon ( Salmo salar ) of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat .

&hand; The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common salmon has been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called parr , peal , smolt , and grilse . Among the true salmons are: Black salmon , or Lake salmon , the namaycush. -- Dog salmon , a salmon of Western North America ( Oncorhynchus keta ). -- Humpbacked salmon , a Pacific-coast salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ). -- King salmon , the quinnat. -- Landlocked salmon , a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago ), long confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf salmon .

Among fishes of other families which are locally and erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon ; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp salmon ; young pollock, called sea salmon ; and the California yellowtail.

2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon.

Salmon berry (Bot.) , a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus . -- Salmon killer (Zo\'94l.) , a stickleback ( Gasterosteus cataphractus ) of Western North America and Northern Asia. -- Salmon ladder , salmon stair . See Fish ladder , under Fish . -- Salmon peel , a young salmon. -- Salmon pipe , a certain device for catching salmon. Crabb. -- Salmon trout . (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European sea trout ( Salmo trutta ). It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush . (c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted trout ( Salmo purpuratus ), and to the steel head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.

Salmon <Xpage=1270>

Salm"on , a. Of a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh of the salmon.

<page="1271"> Page 1271

Salmonet <Xpage=1271>

Salm"on*et (?) , n. [Cf. Samlet .] (Zo\'94l.) A salmon of small size; a samlet.

Salmonoid <Xpage=1271>

Sal"mon*oid (?) , a. [ Salmon + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the Salmonid\'91 , a family of fishes including the trout and salmon. -- n. Any fish of the family Salmonid\'91 .

Salogen <Xpage=1271>

Sal"o*gen (?) , n. [L. sal salt + -gen .] (Chem.) A halogen. [Obs.]

Salol <Xpage=1271>

Sal"ol (?) , n. [ Salicylic + -ol .] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance consisting of phenol salicylate.

salometer <Xpage=1271>

sa*lom"e*ter (?) , n. See Salimeter .

Salomtry <Xpage=1271>

Sa*lom"*try (?) , n. Salimetry.

Salom <Xpage=1271>

Sa`lom" (?) , n. [F. See Saloon .] An apartment for the reception of company; hence, in the plural, faschionable parties; circles of fashionable society.

Saloon <Xpage=1271>

Sa*loon" (?) , n. [F. salon (cf. It. salone ), fr. F. salle a large room, a hall, of German or Dutch origin; cf. OHG. sal house, hall, G. saal ; akin to AS. s\'91l , sele , D. zaal , Icel. salr , Goth. saljan to dwell, and probably to L. solum ground . Cf . Sole of the foot, Soil ground, earth.] 1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the saloon of a steamboat .

The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of the realm . . . gave banquets and balls. Macaulay.

2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a barroom or grogshop; as, a drinking saloon ; an eating saloon ; a dancing saloon .

We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing saloons [at Athens.] J. P. Mahaffy.

Saloop <Xpage=1271>

Sa*loop" (?) , n. An aromatic drink prepared from sassafras bark and other ingredients, at one time much used in London.

J. Smith (Dict. econ. Plants).

Saloop bush (Bot.) , an Australian shrub ( Rhagodia hastata ) of the Goosefoot family, used for fodder.

Salp <Xpage=1271>

Salp (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Salpa, or of the family Salpid\'91 .

Salpa <Xpage=1271>

Sal"pa (?) , n. ; pl. L. Salp\'91 (#) , E. Salpas (#) . [NL.: cf. L. salpa a kind of stockfish.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of transparent, tubular, free-swimming oceanic tunicates found abundantly in all the warmer latitudes. See Illustration in Appendix.

&hand; Each species exists in two distinct forms, one of which lives solitary, and produces, by budding from an internal organ, a series of the other kind. These are united together, side by side, so as to form a chain, or cluster, often of large size. Each of the individuals composing the chain carries a single egg, which develops into the solitary kind.

Salpian, Salpid <Xpage=1271>

Sal"pi*an (?) , Sal"pid (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A salpa.

Salpicon <Xpage=1271>

Sal"pi*con (?) , n. [F. salpicon , Sp. salpicon .] Chopped meat, bread, etc., used to stuff legs of veal or other joints; stuffing; farce.

Bacon.

Salpingitis <Xpage=1271>

Sal`pin*gi"tis (?) , n. [NL. See Salpinx , and -itis .] (Med.) Inflammation of the salpinx.

Salpinx <Xpage=1271>

Sal"pinx (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, a trumpet.] (Old Anat.) The Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.

Salsafy <Xpage=1271>

Sal"sa*fy (?) , n. (Bot.) See Salsify .

Salsamentarious <Xpage=1271>

Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous (?) , a. [L. salsamentarius , fr. salsamentum brine, pickled fish, fr. salsus salted, p.p. of salire to salt.] Salt; salted; saline. [R.]

Salse <Xpage=1271>

Salse (?) , n. [F.] A mud volcano, the water of which is often impregnated with salts, whence the name.

Salsify <Xpage=1271>

Sal"si*fy (?; 277) , n. [F. salsifis .] (Bot.) See Oyster plant (a) , under Oyster .

Salso-acid <Xpage=1271>

Sal"so-ac`id (?) , a. [L. salsus salted, salt + acidus acid.] Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt and acid. [R.]

Salsoda <Xpage=1271>

Sal`so"da (?) , n. See Sal soda , under Sal .

Salsola <Xpage=1271>

Sal"so*la (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. salsus salt, because they contain alkaline salts.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the glasswort. See Glasswort .

salsuginous <Xpage=1271>

sal*su"gi*nous (?) , a. [L. salsugo , -ginis , saltness from salsus salted, salt: cf. F. salsugineux .] (Bot.) Growing in brackish places or in salt marches.

Salt <Xpage=1271>

Salt (?) , n. [AS. sealt ; akin to OS. & OFries. salt , D. zout , G. salz , Icel., Sw., & Dan. salt , L. sal , Gr. <?/, Russ. sole , Ir. & Gael. salann , W. halen , of unknown origin. Cf. Sal , Salad , Salary , Saline , Sauce , Sausage .] 1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles.

2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning.

Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have some salt of our youth in us. Shak.

3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt .

4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar.

I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver salts . Pepys.

5. A sailor; -- usually qualified by old . [Colloq.]

Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and gossiping, clusters of old salts . Hawthorne.

6. (Chem.) The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.

&hand; Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking, it is the acid radical which unites with the base or basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of analogous compounds as side products. In the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary in degree, producing respectively basic , neutral , or acid salts See Phrases below.

7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt .

Ye are the salt of the earth. Matt. v. 13.

8. pl. Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.

9. pl. Marches flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.]

Above the salt , Below the salt , phrases which have survived the old custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long table, the places above which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. See Saltfoot .

His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in clothes. He never drinks below the salt . B. Jonson.

-- Acid salt (Chem.) (a) A salt derived from an acid which has several replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially exchanged for metallic atoms or basic radicals; as, acid potassium sulphate is an acid salt . (b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely gives an acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is composed of a strong acid united with a weak base, is an acid salt in this sense, though theoretically it is a neutral salt . -- Alkaline salt (Chem.) , a salt which gives an alkaline reaction, as sodium carbonate. -- Amphid salt (Old Chem.) , a salt of the oxy type, formerly regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic oxide. [Obsolescent] -- Basic salt (Chem.) (a) A salt which contains more of the basic constituent than is required to neutralize the acid . (b) An alkaline salt. -- Binary salt (Chem.) , a salt of the oxy type conveniently regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously to a haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical. -- Double salt (Chem.) , a salt regarded as formed by the union of two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium sulphate. See under Double . -- Epsom salts . See in the Vocabulary. -- Essential salt (Old Chem.) , a salt obtained by crystalizing plant juices. -- Ethereal salt . (Chem.) See under Ethereal . -- Glauber's salt &or; salts . See in Vocabulary. -- Haloid salt (Chem.) , a simple salt of a halogen acid, as sodium chloride. -- Microcosmic salt . (Chem.) . See under Microcosmic . -- Neutral salt . (Chem.) (a A salt in which the acid and base (in theory) neutralize each other . (b) A salt which gives a neutral reaction. -- Oxy salt (Chem.) , a salt derived from an oxygen acid. -- Per salt (Old Chem.) , a salt supposed to be derived from a peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.] -- Permanent salt , a salt which undergoes no change on exposure to the air. -- Proto salt (Chem.) , a salt derived from a protoxide base or analogous compound. -- Rochelle salt . See under Rochelle . -- Salt of amber (Old Chem.) , succinic acid. -- Salt of colcothar (Old Chem.) , green vitriol, or sulphate of iron. -- Salt of hartshorn . (Old Chem.) (a) Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride . (b) Ammonium carbonate . Cf. Spirit of hartshorn , under Hartshorn . -- Salt of lemons . (Chem.) See Salt of sorrel , below. -- Salt of Saturn (Old Chem.) , sugar of lead; lead acetate; -- the alchemical of lead being Saturn . -- Salt of Seignette . Same as Rochelle salt . -- Salt of soda (Old Chem.) , sodium carbonate. -- Salt of sorrel (Old Chem.) , acid potassium oxalate, or potassium quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; -- so called because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes inaccurately called salt of lemon . -- Salt of tartar (Old Chem.) , potassium carbonate; -- so called because formerly made by heating cream of tartar, or potassium tartrate. [Obs.] -- Salt of Venus (Old Chem.) , blue vitriol; copper sulphate; -- the alchemical name of copper being Venus . -- Salt of wisdom . See Alembroth . -- Sedative salt (Old Med. Chem.) , boric acid. -- Sesqui salt (Chem.) , a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or analogous compound. -- Spirit of salt . (Chem.) See under Spirit . -- Sulpho salt (Chem.) , a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but containing sulphur in place of oxygen.