Chapter 1417

Saliaunce <Xpage= Saint Andrew's cross (a) A cross shaped like the letter X . See Illust . 4, under Cross . (b) (Bot.) A low North American shrub ( Ascyrum Crux-Andr\'91 , the petals of which have the form of a Saint Andrew's cross. Gray. -- Saint Anthony's cross , a T -shaped cross. See Illust . 6, under Cross . -- Saint Anthony's fire , the erysipelas; -- popularly so called because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession of Saint Anthony. -- Saint Anthony's nut (Bot.) , the groundnut ( Bunium flexuosum ); -- so called because swine feed on it, and St. Anthony was once a swineherd. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Anthony's turnip (Bot.) , the bulbous crowfoot, a favorite food of swine. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Barnaby's thistle (Bot.) , a kind of knapeweed ( Centaurea solstitialis ) flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June 11th. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Bernard (Zo\'94l.) , a breed of large, handsome dogs celebrated for strength and sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland, but now common in Europe and America. There are two races, the smooth-haired and the rough-haired. See Illust . under Dog . -- Saint Catharine's flower (Bot.) , the plant love-a-mist. See under Love . -- Saint Cuthbert's beads (Paleon.) , the fossil joints of crinoid stems. -- Saint Dabeoc's heath (Bot.) , a heatherlike plant ( Dab\'91cia polifolia ), named from an Irish saint. -- Saint Distaff's Day . See under Distaff . -- Saint Elmo's fire , a luminious, flamelike appearance, sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some prominent point on a ship, particularly at the masthead and the yardams. It has also been observed on land, and is due to the discharge of electricity from elevated or pointed objects. A single flame is called a Helena , or a Corposant ; a double, or twin, flame is called a Castor and Pollux , or a double Corposant . It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint of sailors. -- Saint George's cross (Her.) , a Greek cross gules upon a field argent, the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in the ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain. -- Saint George's ensign , a red cross on a white field with a union jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy of England; -- called also the white ensign . Brande & C. -- Saint George's flag , a smaller flag resembling the ensign, but without the union jack; used as the sign of the presence and command of an admiral. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- Saint Gobain glass (Chem.) , a fine variety of soda-lime plate glass, so called from St.Gobain in France, where it was manufactured. -- Saint Ignatius's bean (Bot.) , the seed of a tree of the Philippines ( Strychnos Ignatia ), of properties similar to the nux vomica. -- Saint Jame's shell (Zo\'94l.) , a pecten ( Vola Jacob\'91us ) worn by piligrims to the Holy Land. See Illust . under Scallop . -- Saint Jame's wort (Bot.) , a kind of ragwort ( Senecio Jacob\'91a ). -- Saint John's bread . (Bot.) See Carob . -- Saint John's-wort (Bot.) , any plant of the genus Hypericum , most species of which have yellow flowers; -- called also John's-wort . -- Saint Leger , the name of a race for three-year-old horses run annually in September at Doncaster, England; -- instituted in 1776 by Col. St. Leger. -- Saint Martin's herb (Bot.) , a small tropical American violaceous plant ( Sauvagesia erecta ). It is very mucilaginous and is used in medicine. 1269 -- Saint Martin's summer , a season of mild, damp weather frequently prevailing during late autumn in England and the Mediterranean countries; -- so called from St. Martin's Festival, occuring on November 11. It corresponds to the Indian summer in America. Shak. Whitier. -- Saint Patrick's cross . See Illust 4, under Cross . -- Saint Patrick's Day , the 17th of March, anniversary of the death (about 466) of St. Patrick, the apostle and patron saint of Ireland. -- Saint Peter's fish . (Zo\'94l.) See John Dory , under John . -- Saint Peter's-wort (Bot.) , a name of several plants, as Hypericum Ascyron , H. quadrangulum , Ascyrum stans , etc. -- Saint Peter's wreath (Bot.) , a shrubby kind of Spir\'91a ( S. hypericifolia ), having long slender branches covered with clusters of small white blossoms in spring. -- Saint's bell . See Sanctus bell , under Sanctus . -- Saint Vitus's dance (Med.) , chorea; -- so called from the supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint. >

Sal"i*aunce (?) , a. [See Sally .] Salience; onslaught. [Obs.] "So fierce saliaunce ."

Spenser.

<page="1270"> Page 1270

Salic <Xpage=1270>

Sal"ic (?) , a. [F. salique , fr. the Salian Franks, who, in the fifth century, formed a body of laws called in latin leges Salic\'91 .] Of or pertaining to the Salian Franks, or to the Salic law so called. [Also salique .]

Salic law . (a) A code of laws formed by the Salian Franks in the fifth century. By one provision of this code women were excluded from the inheritance of landed property. (b) Specifically, in modern times, a law supposed to be a special application of the above-mentioned provision, in accordance with which males alone can inherit the throne. This law has obtained in France, and at times in other countries of Europe, as Spain.

Salicaceous <Xpage=1270>

Sal`i*ca"ceous (?) , a. [L. salix , -icis , the willow.] Belonging or relating to the willow.

Salcin <Xpage=1270>

Sal"*cin (?) , n. [L. salix , -icis , a willow: cf. F. salicine . See Sallow the tree.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in the leaves of several species of willow ( Salix ) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance. <-- salicyl alcohol glucoside , salicyl alcohol &beta;-D-glucopyranoside , saligenin &beta;-D-glucopyranoside , C13H18O7 . It is used in biochemistry as a standard substrate for evaluating the potency of &beta;-glucosidase in enzymatic preparations. It is also an analgesic. -->

Salicyl <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*cyl (?) , n. [ Salic in + -yl .] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of salicylic acid and of certain related compounds.

Salicylal <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*cyl`al (?) , n. [ Salicyl ic + al dehide.] (Chem.) A thin, fragrant, colorless oil, HO.C6H4.CHO , found in the flowers of meadow sweet ( Spir\'91a ), and also obtained by oxidation of saligenin, etc. It reddens on exposure. Called also salycylol , salicylic aldehyde , and formerly salicylous, &or; spiroylous, acid .

Salicylate <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*cyl`ate (-&asl;t) , n. (Chem.) A salt of salicylic acid.

Salicylic <Xpage=1270>

Sal`i*cyl"ic (?) , n. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid .

Salicylide <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*cyl`ide (?) , n. [ Salicylic + anhydri de .] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by dehydration of salicylic acid.

Salicylite <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*cyl`ite (?) , n. (Chem.) A compound of salicylal; -- named after the analogy of a salt.

Salicylol <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*cyl`ol (?) , n. [ Salicyl ic + L. ol eum oil.] (Chem.) Same as Salicylal .

Salicylous <Xpage=1270>

Sa*lic"y*lous (? &or; ?) , a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a substance called salicylous acid , and now salicylal . [Obs.]

Salience <Xpage=1270>

Sa"li*ence (?) , n. [See Salient .] 1. That quality or condition of being salient; a leaping; a springing forward; an assaulting.

2. The quality or state of projecting, or being projected; projection; protrusion.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Saliency <Xpage=1270>

Sa"li*en*cy (?) , n. Quality of being salient; hence, vigor. "A fatal lack of poetic saliency ."

J. Morley.

Salient <Xpage=1270>

Sa"li*ent (?) , a. [L. saliens , -entis , p.pr. of salire to leap; cf. F. saillant . See Sally , n. & v. i. .] 1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. "Frogs and salient animals."

Sir T. Browne.

2. Shooting out up; springing; projecting.

He had in himself a salient , living spring of generous and manly action. Burke.

3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable.

He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general comprehensiveness of mind. Bancroft.

4. (Math. & Fort.) Projectiong outwardly; as, a salient angle ; -- opposed to re\'89ntering . See Illust . of Bastion . <-- convex? -->

5. (Her.) Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient .

Salient angle . See Salient , a. , 4. -- Salient polygon (Geom.) , a polygon all of whose angles are salient. -- Salient polyhedron (Geom.) , a polyhedron all of whose solid angles are salient.

Salient <Xpage=1270>

Sa"li*ent , a. (Fort.) A salient angle or part; a projection.

Saliently <Xpage=1270>

Sa"li*ent*ly , adv. In a salient manner.

Saliferous <Xpage=1270>

Sa*lif"er*ous (?) , a. [L. sal salt + -ferous .] Producing, or impregnated with, salt.

Saliferous rocks (Geol.) , the New Red Sandstone system of some geologists; -- so called because, in Europe, this formation contains beds of salt. The saliferous beds of New York State belong largely to the Salina period of the Upper Silurian. See the Chart of Geology .

Salifiable <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*fi`a*ble (?) , a. [Cf. F. salifiable . See Salify .] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a salt; -- said of bases; thus, ammonia is salifiable .

Salification <Xpage=1270>

Sal`i*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. salification .] (Chem.) The act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being salified.

Salify <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*fy (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Salified (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Salifying (?) .] [F. salifier ; from L. sal salt + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See -fy .] (Chem.) (a) To combine or impregnate with a salt. (b) To form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to salify a base or an acid .

Saligenin <Xpage=1270>

Sa*lig"e*nin (?) , n. [ Sal icin + -gen .] (Chem.) A phenol alcohol obtained, by the decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline substance; -- called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol . <-- ortho-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, saligenol, salicyl alcohol. HOCH2.C6H4.OH -->

Saligot <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*got (?) , n. [F.] (Bot.) The water chestnut ( Trapa natans ).

Salimeter <Xpage=1270>

Sal*im"e*ter (?) , n. [L. sal salt + -meter .] An instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given solution. [Written also salometer .]

Salimetry <Xpage=1270>

Sal*im"e*try (?) , n. The art or process of measuring the amount of salt in a substance.

Salina <Xpage=1270>

Sa*li"na (?) , n. [Cf. L. salinae , pl., salt works, from sal salt. See Saline , a. ] 1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.

2. Salt works.

Salina period <Xpage=1270>

Sa*li"na pe"ri*od (?) . [So called from Salina , a town in New York.] (Geol.) The period in which the American Upper Silurian system, containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was formed. See the Chart of Geology .

Salination <Xpage=1270>

Sal`i*na"tion (?) , n. The act of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs..]

Greenhill.

Saline <Xpage=1270>

Sa"line (? &or; ?; 277) , a. [F. salin , fr. L. sal salt: cf. L. salinae salt works, salinum saltcellar. See Salt .] 1. Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline particles; saline substances; a saline cathartic .

2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste .

Saline <Xpage=1270>

Sa"line (? &or; ?; 277) , n. [Cf. F. saline . See Saline , a .] A salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the earth.

Saline <Xpage=1270>

Sal"ine (?) , n. 1. (Chem.) A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues and other similar sources. [Written also salin .]

2. (Med. Chem.) A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.

<-- 3. (Med., Biochemistry) A saline solution, esp. normal saline, or isotonic saline, used for infusion, to maintain blood pressure. -->

Salineness <Xpage=1270>

Sa*line"ness (?) , n. The quality or state of being salt; saltness.

Saliniferous <Xpage=1270>

Sal`i*nif"er*ous (?) , a. [ Saline + -ferous .] Same as Saliferous .

Saliniform <Xpage=1270>

Sa*lin"i*form (?) , a. Having the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of common salt.

Salinity <Xpage=1270>

Sa*lin"i*ty (?) , n. Salineness.

Carpenter.

Salinometer <Xpage=1270>

Sal`i*nom"e*ter (?) , n. [ Saline + -meter .] A salimeter.

Salinous <Xpage=1270>

Sa*lin"ous (?) , a. Saline. [Obs.]

Salique <Xpage=1270>

Sal"ique (? &or; ?) , a. [F.] Salic.

Shak.

She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique . Tennyson.

Saliretin <Xpage=1270>

Sal`i*re"tin (?) , n. [ Sali genin + Gr. <?/ resin.] (Chem.) A yellow amorphous resinoid substance obtained by the action of dilute acids on saligenin.

Salisburia <Xpage=1270>

Sal`is*bu"ri*a (?) , n. [Named after R. A. Salisbury , an English botanist.] (Bot.) The ginkgo tree ( Ginkgo biloba , or Salisburia adiantifolia ).

Salite <Xpage=1270>

Sal"ite (?) , v. t. [L. salitus , p.p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt.] To season with salt; to salt. [Obs.]

Salite <Xpage=1270>

Sa"lite (?) , n. [So called from Sala , a town in Sweden.] (Min.) A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green color. [Written also sahlite .]

Saliva <Xpage=1270>

Sa*li"va (?) , n. [L.; cf. Gr. <?/.] (Physiol.) The secretion from the salivary glands.

&hand; In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty viscid fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions from the individual salivary glands have their own special characteristics, and these are not the same in all animals. In man and many animals mixed saliva , i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the salivary glands, is an important degestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.

Salival <Xpage=1270>

Sa*li"val (?; 277) , a. Salivary.

Salivant <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*vant (?) , a. [L. salivans , p.pr. of salivare . See Salivate .] Producing salivation.

Salivant <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*vant , n. That which produces salivation.

Salivary <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*va*ry (?) , a. [L. salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F. salivaire .] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as, the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary ducts, etc .

Salivate <Xpage=1270>

Sal"i*vate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Salivated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Salivating .] [L. salivatus , p.p. of salivare to salivate. See Saliva .] To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury.

<-- v.i. To produce saliva, esp. in excess. 2. To drool. 3. (Fig.) To anticipate keenly with pleasure, as though salivating at the expectation of a delicious meal. Used often with over. ; as, salivate over the prospects of high profits from an enterprise.

Probably influenced by the experiments of Pavlov, who trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, by previously ringing the bell immediately prior to feeding them. -->

Salivation <Xpage=1270>

Sal`i*va"tion (?) , n. [L. salivatio : cf. F. salivation .] (Physiol.) The act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of saliva, often accompained with soreness of the mouth and gums; ptyalism.

&hand; It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical stimulation, as in mastication of some tasteless substance like rubber, or indirectly by some agent which affects the whole system, as mercury compounds.

Salivous <Xpage=1270>

Sa*li"vous (?) , a. [L. salivosus : cf. F. saliveux .] Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.

Salix <Xpage=1270>

Sa"lix (?) , n. ; pl. Salices (#) . [L., the willow.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the like, growing usually in wet grounds. (b) A tree or shrub of any kind of willow.

Sallenders <Xpage=1270>

Sal"len*ders (?) , n. pl. [F. solandres , solandre .] (Far.) An eruption on the hind leg of a horse. [Written also sellanders , and sellenders .]

On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at the bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption called "mallenders" in the fore leg, and " sallenders " in the hind leg. Youatt.

Sallet <Xpage=1270>

Sal"let (?) , n. [F. salade , Sp. celada , or It. celata , fr. L. (cassis) caelata , fr. caelare , caelatum , to engrave in relief. So called from the figures engraved upon it.] A light kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced during the 15th century. [Written also salade .]

Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may be saved. Latimer.

Salet, Salleting <Xpage=1270>

Sal"et , Sal"let*ing , n. Salad. [Obs.]

Shak.

Salliance <Xpage=1270>

Sal"li*ance (?) , n. Salience. [Obs.]

Sallow <Xpage=1270>