Chapter 130

14. (Arch.) (a) A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town. (b) A slender strip of wood which divides and supports the glass of a window; a sash bar.

Bar shoe (Far.) , a kind of horseshoe having a bar across the usual opening at the heel, to protect a tender frog from injury. -- Bar shot , a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or half ball at each end; -- formerly used for destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat. -- Bar sinister (Her.) , a term popularly but erroneously used for baton , a mark of illegitimacy. See Baton . -- Bar tracery (Arch.) , ornamental stonework resembling bars of iron twisted into the forms required. -- Blank bar (Law) . See Blank . -- Case at bar (Law) , a case presently before the court; a case under argument. -- In bar of , as a sufficient reason against; to prevent. -- Matter in bar , or Defence in bar , a plea which is a final defense in an action. -- Plea in bar , a plea which goes to bar or defeat the plaintiff's action absolutely and entirely. -- Trial at bar (Eng. Law) , a trial before all the judges of one the superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum representing the full court.

Bar <Xpage=118>

Bar (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Barred (<?/); p. pr. & vb. n. Barring .] [ F. barrer . See Bar , n. ] 1. To fasten with a bar; as, to bar a door or gate .

2. To restrict or confine, as if by a bar; to hinder; to obstruct; to prevent; to prohibit; as, to bar the entrance of evil; distance bars our intercourse; the statute bars my right; the right is barred by time; a release bars the plaintiff's recovery ; -- sometimes with up .

He barely looked the idea in the face, and hastened to bar it in its dungeon. Hawthorne.

3. To except; to exclude by exception.

Nay, but I bar to-night: you shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. Shak.

4. To cross with one or more stripes or lines.

For the sake of distinguishing the feet more clearly, I have barred them singly. Burney.

Barb <Xpage=118>

Barb (?) , n. [F. barbe , fr. L. barba beard. See Beard , n. ] 1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it.

The barbel, so called by reason of his barbs , or wattles in his mouth. Walton.

2. A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners. [Obs.]

3. pl. Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen. [Written also barbel and barble .]

4. The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else. "Having two barbs or points."

Ascham.

5. A bit for a horse. [Obs.]

Spenser.

6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the side branches of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane. See Feather .

7. (Zo\'94l.) A southern name for the kingfishes of the eastern and southeastern coasts of the United States; -- also improperly called whiting .

8. (Bot.) A hair or bristle ending in a double hook.

Barb <Xpage=118>

Barb , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Barbed (<?/); p. pr. & vb. n. Barbing .] 1. To shave or dress the beard of. [Obs.]

2. To clip; to mow. [Obs.]

Marston.

3. To furnish with barbs, or with that which will hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc.

But rattling storm of arrows barbed with fire. Milton.

Barb <Xpage=118>

Barb , n. [F. barbe , fr. Barbarie .] 1. The Barbary horse, a superior breed introduces from Barbary into Spain by the Moors.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A blackish or dun variety of the pigeon, originally brought from Barbary.

Barb <Xpage=118>

Barb , n. [Corrupted fr. bard .] Armor for a horse. Same as 2d Bard , n. , 1.

Barbacan <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*can (?) , n. See Barbican .

Barbacanage <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*can*age (?) , n. See Barbicanage .

Barbadian <Xpage=118>

Bar*ba"di*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Barbados. -- n. A native of Barbados.

Barbados &or; Barbadoes <Xpage=118>

Bar*ba"dos &or; Bar*ba"does (?) , n. A West Indian island, giving its name to a disease, to a cherry, etc.

Barbados cherry (Bot.) , a genus of trees of the West Indies ( Malpighia ) with an agreeably acid fruit resembling a cherry. -- Barbados leg (Med.) , a species of elephantiasis incident to hot climates. -- Barbados nuts , the seeds of the Jatropha curcas , a plant growing in South America and elsewhere. The seeds and their acrid oil are used in medicine as a purgative. See Physic nut .

Barbara <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*ra (?) , n. [Coined by logicians.] (Logic) The first word in certain mnemonic lines which represent the various forms of the syllogism. It indicates a syllogism whose three propositions are universal affirmatives.

Whately.

Barbaresque <Xpage=118>

Bar`ba*resque" (?) , a. Barbaric in form or style; as, barbaresque architecture .

De Quincey.

Barbarian <Xpage=118>

Bar*ba"ri*an (?) , n. [See Barbarous .]

1. A foreigner. [Historical]

Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be unto him that speaketh a barbarian , and he that speaketh shall be a barbarian unto me. <?/ Cor. xiv. 11.

2. A man in a rule, savage, or uncivilized state.

3. A person destitute of culture.

M. Arnold.

4. A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of pity or humanity. "Thou fell barbarian ."

Philips.

Barbarian <Xpage=118>

Bar*ba"ri*an , a. Of, or pertaining to, or resembling, barbarians; rude; uncivilized; barbarous; as, barbarian governments or nations .

Barbaic <Xpage=118>

Bar*ba"ic (?) , a. [L. barbaricus foreign, barbaric, Gr. <?/ .] 1. Of, or from, barbarian nations; foreign; -- often with reference to barbarous nations of east. " Barbaric pearl and gold."

Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to, or resembling, an uncivilized person or people; barbarous; barbarian; destitute of refinement. "Wild, barbaric music."

Sir W. Scott.

Barbarism <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*rism (?) , n. [L. barbarismus , Gr. <?/ ; cf. F. barbarisme .] 1. An uncivilized state or condition; rudeness of manners; ignorance of arts, learning, and literature; barbarousness.

Prescott.

2. A barbarous, cruel, or brutal action; an outrage.

A heinous barbarism . . . against the honor of marriage. Milton.

3. An offense against purity of style or language; any form of speech contrary to the pure idioms of a particular language. See Solecism .

The Greeks were the first that branded a foreign term in any of their writers with the odious name of barbarism . G. Campbell.

Barbarity <Xpage=118>

Bar*bar"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Barbarities (#) . [From Barbarous .] The state or manner of a barbarian; lack of civilization.

2. Cruelty; ferociousness; inhumanity.

Treating Christians with a barbarity which would have shocked the very Moslem. Macaulay.

3. A barbarous or cruel act.

4. Barbarism; impurity of speech. [Obs.]

Swift.

Barbarize <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*rize (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Barbarized (<?/) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Barbarizing (<?/) .]

1. To become barbarous.

The Roman empire was barbarizing rapidly from the time of Trajan. De Quincey.

2. To adopt a foreign or barbarous mode of speech.

The ill habit . . . of wretched barbarizing against the Latin and Greek idiom, with their untutored Anglicisms. Milton.

Barbarize <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*rize (?) , v. t. [Cf. F. barbariser , LL. barbarizare .] To make barbarous.

The hideous changes which have barbarized France. Burke.

Barbarous <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*rous (?) , a. [L. barbarus , Gr. <?/ , strange, foreign; later, slavish, rude, ignorant; akin to L. balbus stammering, Skr. barbara stammering, outlandish. Cf. Brave , a. ] 1. Being in the state of a barbarian; uncivilized; rude; peopled with barbarians; as, a barbarous people; a barbarous country.

2. Foreign; adapted to a barbaric taste. [Obs.]

Barbarous gold. Dryden.

3. Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; merciless.

By their barbarous usage he died within a few days, to the grief of all that knew him. Clarendon.

4. Contrary to the pure idioms of a language.

A barbarous expression G. Campbell.

Syn. -- Uncivilized; unlettered; uncultivated; untutored; ignorant; merciless; brutal. See Ferocious .

Barbarously <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*rous*ly , adv. In a barbarous manner.

Barbarousness <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*rous*ness , n. The quality or state of being barbarous; barbarity; barbarism.

Barbary <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*ry (?) , n. [Fr. Ar. Barbar the people of Barbary.] The countries on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to the Atlantic. Hence: A Barbary horse; a barb. [Obs.] Also, a kind of pigeon.

Barbary ape (Zo\'94l.) , an ape ( Macacus innus ) of north Africa and Gibraltar Rock, being the only monkey inhabiting Europe. It is very commonly trained by showmen.

Barbastel <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*stel` (?) , n. [F. barbastelle .] (Zo\'94l.) A European bat ( Barbastellus communis ), with hairy lips.

Barbate <Xpage=118>

Bar"bate (?) , a. [L. barbatus , fr. barba beard. See Barb beard.] (Bot.) Bearded; beset with long and weak hairs.

Barbated <Xpage=118>

Bar"ba*ted (?) , a. Having barbed points.

A dart uncommonly barbated . T. Warton.

Barbecue <Xpage=118>

Bar"be*cue (?) , n. [In the language of Indians of Guiana, a frame on which all kinds of flesh and fish are roasted or smoke-dried.] 1. A hog, ox, or other large animal roasted or broiled whole for a feast.

2. A social entertainment, where many people assemble, usually in the open air, at which one or more large animals are roasted or broiled whole.

3. A floor, on which coffee beans are sun-dried.

Barbecue <Xpage=118>

Bar"be*cue (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Barbecued (<?/) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Barbecuing .] 1. To dry or cure by exposure on a frame or gridiron.

They use little or no salt, but barbecue their game and fish in the smoke. Stedman.

2. To roast or broil whole, as an ox or hog.

Send me, gods, a whole hog barbecued . Pope.

Barbed <Xpage=118>

Barbed (?) , a. [See 4th Bare .] Accoutered with defensive armor; -- said of a horse. See Barded ( which is the proper form.)

Sir W. Raleigh.

Barbed <Xpage=118>

Barbed , a. Furnished with a barb or barbs; as, a barbed arrow; barbed wire.

Barbed wire , a wire, or a strand of twisted wires, armed with barbs or sharp points. It is used for fences.

Barbel <Xpage=118>

Bar"bel (?) , n. [OE. barbel , F. barbeau , dim. of L. barbus barbel, fr. barba beard. See 1st Barb .]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A slender tactile organ on the lips of certain fished.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A large fresh-water fish ( Barbus vulgaris ) found in many European rivers. Its upper jaw is furnished with four barbels.

3. pl. Barbs or paps under the tongued of horses and cattle. See 1st Barb , 3.

Barbellate <Xpage=118>

Bar"bel*late (?) , a. [See 1st Barb .] (Bot.) Having short, stiff hairs, often barbed at the point.

Gray.

Barbellulate <Xpage=118>

Bar*bel"lu*late (?) , a. (Bot.) Barbellate with diminutive hairs or barbs.

Barber <Xpage=118>

Bar"ber (?) , n. [OE. barbour , OF. barbeor , F. barbier , as if fr. an assumed L. barbator , fr. barba beard. See 1st Barb .] One whose occupation it is to shave or trim the beard, and to cut and dress the hair of his patrons.

Barber's itch . See under Itch .

&hand; Formerly the barber practiced some offices of surgery, such as letting blood and pulling teeth. Hence such terms as barber surgeon ( old form barber chirurgeon ), barber surgery , etc.

Barber <Xpage=118>

Bar"ber , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Barbered (<?/); p. pr. & vb. n. Barbering .] To shave and dress the beard or hair of.

Shak.

Barber fish <Xpage=118>

Bar"ber fish . (Zo\'94l.) See Surgeon fish .

Barbermonger <Xpage=118>

Bar"ber*mon`ger (?) , n. A fop. [Obs.]

Barberry <Xpage=118>

Bar"ber*ry (?) , n. [OE. barbarin , barbere , OF. berbere .] (Bot.) A shrub of the genus Berberis , common along roadsides and in neglected fields. B. vulgaris is the species best known; its oblong red berries are made into a preserve or sauce, and have been deemed efficacious in fluxes and fevers. The bark dyes a fine yellow, esp. the bark of the root. [Also spelt berberry .]

Barbet <Xpage=118>

Bar"bet (?) , n. [F. barbet , fr. barbe beard, long hair of certain animals. See Barb beard.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A variety of small dog, having long curly hair. (b) A bird of the family Bucconid\'91 , allied to the Cuckoos, having a large, conical beak swollen at the base, and bearded with five bunches of stiff bristles; the puff bird. It inhabits tropical America and Africa. (c) A larva that feeds on aphides.

Barbette <Xpage=118>

Bar*bette" (?) , n. [F. Cf. Barbet .] (Fort.) A mound of earth or a platform in a fortification, on which guns are mounted to fire over the parapet.

En barbette , In barbette , said of guns when they are elevated so as to fire over the top of a parapet, and not through embrasures. -- Barbette gun , or Barbette battery , a single gun, or a number of guns, mounted in barbette , or partially protected by a parapet or turret. -- Barbette carriage , a gun carriage which elevates guns sufficiently to be in barbette . [See Illust . of Casemate .]

Barbican, Barbacan <Xpage=118>

Bar"bi*can (?) , Bar"ba*can (?) , n. [OE. barbican , barbecan , F. barbacane , LL. barbacana , barbicana , of uncertain origin: cf. Ar. barbakh aqueduct, sewer. F. barbacane also means, an opening to let out water, loophole.] 1. ( Fort .) A tower or advanced work defending the entrance to a castle or city, as at a gate or bridge. It was often large and strong, having a ditch and drawbridge of its own.

2. An opening in the wall of a fortress, through which missiles were discharged upon an enemy.

Barbicanage, Barbacanage <Xpage=118>

Bar"bi*can*age (?) , Bar"ba*can*age (?) , n. [LL. barbicanagium . See Barbican .] Money paid for the support of a barbican. [Obs.]

Barbicel <Xpage=118>

Bar"bi*cel (?) , n. [NL. barbicella , dim. of L. barba . See 1st Barb .] (Zo\'94l.) One of the small hooklike processes on the barbules of feathers.

Barbiers <Xpage=118>

Bar"biers (?) , n. (Med.) A variety of paralysis, peculiar to India and the Malabar coast; -- considered by many to be the same as beriberi in chronic form.

Barbigerous <Xpage=118>

Bar*big"er*ous (?) , a. [L. barba a beard + gerous .] Having a beard; bearded; hairy.

Barbiton <Xpage=118>

Bar"bi*ton (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/ .] (Mus.) An ancient Greek instrument resembling a lyre.

Barbituric acid <Xpage=118>

Bar`bi*tu"ric ac"id (?) . (Chem.) A white, crystalline substance, <?/, derived from alloxantin, also from malonic acid and urea, and regarded as a substituted urea.

<-- p. 119 -->

Barble <Xpage=119>

Bar"ble (?) , n. See Barbel .

Barbotine <Xpage=119>

Bar"bo*tine (?) , n. [F.] A paste of clay used in decorating coarse pottery in relief.

Barbre <Xpage=119>

Bar"bre (?) , a. Barbarian. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Barbule <Xpage=119>

Bar"bule (?) , n. [L. barbula , fr. barba beard.]

1. A very minute barb or beard.

Booth.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the processes along the edges of the barbs of a feather, by which adjacent barbs interlock. See Feather .

Barcarolle <Xpage=119>

Bar"ca*rolle (?) , n. [F. barcarolle , fr. It. barcaruola , fr. barca bark, barge.] (Mus.) (a) A popular song or melody sung by Venetian gondoliers. (b) A piece of music composed in imitation of such a song.

Barcon <Xpage=119>

Bar"con (?) , n. [It. barcone , fr. barca a bark.] A vessel for freight; -- used in Mediterranean.

Bard <Xpage=119>

Bard (?) , n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. bardd , Arm. barz , Ir. & Gael. bard , and F. barde .] 1. A professional poet and singer, as among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.

2. Hence: A poet; as, the bard of Avon .

Bard, Barde <Xpage=119>

Bard , Barde (?) , n. [F. barde , of doubtful origin.]

1. A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental) armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. [Often in the pl. ]

2. pl. Defensive armor formerly worn by a man at arms.

3. (Cookery) A thin slice of fat bacon used to cover any meat or game.

Bard <Xpage=119>

Bard , v. t. (Cookery) To cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.

Barded <Xpage=119>

Bard"ed , p.a. [See Bard horse armor.] 1. Accoutered with defensive armor; -- said of a horse.

2. (Her.) Wearing rich caparisons.

Fifteen hundred men . . . barded and richly trapped. Stow.

Bardic <Xpage=119>