The Great White North The story of polar exploration from the earliest times to the discovery of the pole

Early adventurers. Pytheas.—Dicuil.—Other.—Wulfstan.—The Norsemen.—Iva Bardsen.—The Cabots.—The Cortereals.—Willoughby and Chancellor.—Stephen Burrough.—Niccolò Zeno.—Frobisher....

Early nineteenth century. Ross and Parry, May 3, 1818. Object of voyage, search for Northwest Passage through Davis Strait and explore bays and channels described by Baffin.—Met...

1819-1827. Parry’s first voyage.—Object, to survey Lancaster Sound and prove the non-existence of Crocker Mountains.—Discovery of new lands.—Parry Islands.—Attains longitude 110...

Nineteenth century _continued_. Scoresby and Clavering.—Former visited Jan Mayen Island in 1817.—Later he visited east coast of Greenland.—Discovered Scoresby Sound. In 1824, Ca...

Sir John Franklin.—Early life.—First land expedition of 1819-1821.—Journey from York Factory to Cumberland House.—Reach Fort Providence.—Winter at Fort Enterprise.—Explorations....

Search for Sir John Franklin.—Captain Kellett.—Captain Moore.—Dr. Richardson.—Dr. Rae.—Sir J. C. Ross.—Mr. Parker.—Dr. Goodsir.—Collinson, M’Clure.—The _Felix_.—_Prince Albert._...

Sledging parties of Sir Edward Belcher’s squadron.—Desertion of the ships.—Return to England.—Story of the _Resolute_.—Traces of Sir John Franklin discovered by Dr. Rae.—Anderso...

The second Grinnell expedition.—Commanded by Dr. Elisha K. Kane.—Winter quarters in Rensseläer Harbor.—Sledging trips.—To the rescue.—Effects of exhaustion and cold.—Dr. Kane’s...

Charles Francis Hall.—Early life.—Interest in fate of Sir John Franklin.—First journey to Greenland.—Discovery of Frobisher relics.—Experiences and study of the Eskimos. Second...

Captain Thomas Long.—Discovery of Wrangell Land.—Captain Carlsen and Captain Palliser sail across the Sea of Kara.—Captain Johannesen circumnavigates Nova Zembla.—First German e...

Norwegian expedition, 1871. Payer and Weyprecht.—The _Tegetthoff_ adrift in the Polar pack.—Discovery of Franz Josef Land.—Payer’s sledge journeys.—Payer’s farthest 82° 5´ north...

Baron A. E. von Nordenskjöld.—First voyage, 1858.—Accompanies succeeding Swedish expeditions.—Spitzbergen.—Voyage of _Sofia_.—1868.—Nordenskjöld’s journey to Greenland.—Voyage o...

British expedition of 1875.—The _Alert_ and _Discovery_.—Captain George S. Nares, F. R. S., Albert H. Markham, F. R. G. S.—Two voyages of the _Pandora_, 1875-1876.—Schwatka’s se...

The _Jeannette_ expedition, 1879-1881.—In command of Captain George W. De Long.—Leaves San Francisco.—Touches at Ounalaska, August 2.—Reaches Lawrence Bay, East Siberia, August...

International circumpolar stations.—Failure of Dutch expedition.—Greely expedition reaches Lady Franklin Bay.—Life at Fort Conger.—Sledge journey of Brainard and Lockwood.—Farth...

Nansen.—The man.—First Arctic experience.—Plans the crossing of Greenland.—Carries out his great undertaking.—Voyage on the _Fram_.—Drifting with the current.—Life aboard.—Nanse...

Journeys of Dr. A. Bunge and Baron E. von Toll.—Exploration in Spitzbergen.—Sir Martin Conway.—Dr. A. G. Nathorst.—Professor J. H. Gore.—Andrée’s balloon expedition to the North...

Otto Sverdrup.—Four years’ voyage of the _Fram_.—Journeys in Ellesmere Land.—Important exploration of Jones Sound.—Discovery of new lands.—Release of the _Fram_.—Captain Roald A...

Robert E. Peary.—The man.—First visit to the Arctic, 1886.—Other journeys, 1891.—Independence Bay, Greenland.—Discovers Melville Land and Heilprin Land.—Subsequent journeys, 189...

Dr. Frederick A. Cook.—Claims discovery of the Pole.—His return from the Arctic.—Reception by the Danes.—Announcement of conquest of the Pole by Peary.—Denounces Dr. Cook.—Accep...

Early adventurers: Pytheas.—Dicuil.—Other.—Wulfstan.—The Norsemen.—Iva Bardsen.—The Cabots.—The Cortereals.—Willoughby and Chancellor.—Stephen Burrough.—Niccolò Zeno.—Frobisher....

No century has produced a more daring or renowned mariner than Henry Hudson, or one whose melancholy fate has provoked more pity. Down through the decades the story of his adven...

Early nineteenth century: Ross and Parry, May 3, 1818.—Object of voyage, search for Northwest Passage through Davis Strait and explore bays and channels described by Baffin.—Met...

1819-1827: Parry’s first voyage.—Object, to survey Lancaster Sound and prove the non-existence of Crocker Mountains.—Discovery of new lands.—Parry Islands.—Attains longitude 110...

Nineteenth century, continued: Scoresby and Clavering.—Former visited Jan Mayen Island in 1817, later visited east coast of Greenland, discovered Scoresby Sound.—In 1824, Captai...

Sir John Franklin.—Early life.—First land expedition of 1819-1821.—Journey from York Factory to Cumberland House.—Reach Fort Providence.—Winter at Fort Enterprise.—Explorations....

Search for Sir John Franklin.—Captain Kellett.—Captain Moore.—Dr. Richardson.—Dr. Rae.—Sir J. C. Ross.—Mr. Parker.—Dr. Goodsir.—Collinson and M’Clure.—The _Felix_.—_Prince Alber...

The British searching squadron, including the _Resolute_, the _Assistance_, the _Pioneer_, and the _Intrepid_, while wintering in the vicinity of Cornwallis Island and Griffith...

Interest in the mysterious fate of Sir John Franklin was in no wise lessened by the unexpected return to England of the searching squadron in 1851. Dr. Rae’s land journey of ove...

Sledging parties of Sir Edward Belcher’s squadron.—Desertion of the ships.—Return to England.—Story of the _Resolute_.—Traces of Sir John Franklin discovered by Dr. Rae.—Anderso...

The second Grinnell expedition. Commanded by Dr. Elisha K. Kane.—Winter quarters in Rensseläer Harbour.—Sledging trips.—To the rescue.—Effects of exhaustion and cold.—Dr. Kane’s...

In 1860, Dr. Hayes, who had accompanied the second Grinnell expedition and rendered much valuable service to Dr. Kane and his party, once more sailed from America for the purpos...

Charles Francis Hall.—Early life.—Interest in fate of Sir John Franklin.—First journey to Greenland.—Discovery of Frobisher relics.—Experiences and study of the Eskimos.—Second...

Captain Thomas Long.—Discovery of Wrangell Land.—Captain Carlsen and Captain Palliser sail across the Sea of Kara.—Captain Johannsen circumnavigates Nova Zembla.—First German ex...

Austrian expedition, 1871.—Payer and Weyprecht.—The _Tegetthoff_ adrift in the Polar pack.—Discovery of Franz Josef Land.—Payer’s sledge journeys.—Payer’s farthest 82° 5´ north...

Baron A. E. von Nordenskjöld.—First voyage 1858.—Accompanies succeeding Swedish expeditions.—Spitzbergen.—Voyage of _Sofia_.—1868.—Nordenskjöld’s journey to Greenland.—Voyage of...

British expedition of 1875.—The _Alert_ and _Discovery_.—Captain George S. Nares, F. R. S., Albert H. Markham, F. R. G. S.—Two voyages of the _Pandora_, 1875-1876.—Schwatka’s se...

The _Jeannette_ expedition, 1879-1881.—In command of Captain George W. De Long.—Leaves San Francisco, touches at Ounalaska, August 2, reaches Lawrence Bay, East Siberia, August...

International circumpolar stations.—Failure of Dutch expedition.—Greely expedition reaches Lady Franklin Bay.—Life at Fort Conger.—Sledge journey of Brainard and Lockwood.—Farth...

Nansen.—The man.—First Arctic experience.—Plans the crossing of Greenland.—Carries out his great undertaking.—Voyage on the _Fram_.—Drifting with the current.—Life aboard.—Nanse...

Journeys of Dr. A. Bunge and Baron E. von Toll.—Exploration in Spitzbergen.—Sir Martin Conway.—Dr. A. G. Nathorst.—Professor J. H. Gore.—Andrée’s balloon expedition to the North...

Otto Sverdrup.—Four years’ voyage of the _Fram_.—Journeys in Ellesmere Land.—Important exploration of Jones Sound.—Discovery of new lands.—Release of the _Fram_. Captain Roald A...

Robert E. Peary.—The man.—First visit to the Arctic, 1886.—Other journeys, 1891.—Independence Bay, Greenland.—Discovers Melville Land and Heilprin Land.—Subsequent journeys, 189...

Dr. Frederick A. Cook.—Claims discovery of the Pole.—His return from the Arctic.—Reception by the Danes.—Announcement of conquest of the Pole by Peary.—Denounces Dr. Cook.—Delay...