Part 22

Pātimo'kkha, _p._, Pratimo'ksha, _skt._, (usually spelt Prātimoksha in Buddhistic Sanskrit,) literally "disburdenment." It is the Buddhist confession. Rhys Davids says "that it almost certainly dates from the fifth century B.C. Since that time--during a period that is of nearly two thousand and three hundred years--it has been regularly repeated, twice in each month, in formal meetings of the stricter members of the Order. It occupies, therefore, a unique position in the literary history of the world; and no rules for moral conduct have been for so long a time as these in constant practical use, except only those laid down in the Old Testament and in the works of Confucius" (p. 163).

Pā'vā, _p._ and _skt._, a village where Buddha took his last meal.

Pokkharasā'ti, _p._, Paushkarasā'ti, _skt._, a Brahman philosopher.

Pubbārā'ma, _p._, Pūrvārā'ma, _skt._, the Eastern garden.

Pu'kkusa, _p._, Pu'kkasha or Pu'kkasa, _skt._, name of a low caste.

Puññ'aji, _p._, Pu'nyajit, _skt._, a friend of Yasa.

Ragā, pleasure, desire or lust; a synonym of _rati_. The name of one of Māra's daughters.

Rāhula, _p._ and _skt._, the son of Buddha, was admitted to the fraternity while still a boy. Buddha gave him a lesson in truthfulness [see Chapter LVI]. He is always named among the prominent disciples of Buddha and is revered as the patron saint of novices.

Rainy season (see Vassa).

Rā'jā, _p._ and _skt._, nominative form of the stem rājan, a king (in composition rāja).

Rājaga'ha, _p._, Rājagri'ha, _skt._, the capital of Magadha and residence of king Bimbisāra.

Ra'tana, _p._, ra'tna, _skt._, "jewel."

Rati, love, liking; a synonym of _ragā_. The name of one of Māra's daughters.

Saha'mpati, occurs only in the phrase "Brahmā Sahampati," a name frequently used in Buddhist scriptures the meaning of which is obscure. Burnouf renders it _Seigneur des êtres patients_; Eitel, Lord of the inhabitable parts of all universes; H. Kern [in _S.B._, XXI, p. 5] maintains that it is synonymous with Sikhin, which is a common term for Agni.

Sa'kka, _p._, Śa'kra, _skt._, Lord; a cognomen of Indra.

Sa'kya, Śākya, _skt._, the name of a royal race in the northern frontiers of Magadha.

Sakyamuni, _p._, Śakyamuni, _skt._, the Sākya sage; a cognomen of Buddha.

Sā'la, _p._, Śā'la, _skt._, a tree, _vatica robusta_; sāla-grove; sāla-trees.

Samā'dhi, _p._ and _skt._, trance, abstraction, self-control. Rhys Davids says (_B._ _p._ 177): "Buddhism has not been able to escape from the natural results of the wonder with which abnormal nervous states have always been regarded during the infancy of science.... But it must be added, to its credit, that the most ancient Buddhism despises dreams and visions; and that the doctrine of Samādhi is of small practical importance compared with the doctrine of the noble eightfold Path." Eitel says (_Handbook_, p. 140): "The term Samādhi is sometimes used ethically, when it designates moral self-deliverance from passion and vice."

Sa'mana, _p._, Śrā'mana, _skt._, an ascetic; one who lives under the vow; the Samana Gotama, the vision of a samana.

Sambho'ga-Kā'ya, _skt._, the body of Bliss.

Sammappadhā'na, _p._, Samyakpradhā'na, _skt._, right effort, exertion, struggle. There are four great efforts to overcome sin, which are: (1) Mastery over the passions so as to prevent bad qualities from rising; (2) suppression of sinful thoughts to put away bad qualities which have arisen; (3) meditation on the seven kinds of wisdom (Bojjhañga) in order to produce goodness not previously existing, and (4) fixed attention or the exertion of preventing the mind from wandering, so as to increase the goodness which exists. [See the Mahāpadhāna-Sutta in the _Dīgha-Nikāya_. Compare _B.B. St._, p. 89, and Rh. Davids's _Buddhism_, pp. 172-173.]

Samsā'ra, _p._ and _skt._, the ocean of birth and death, transiency, worldliness, the restlessness of a worldly life, the agitation of selfishness, the vanity fair of life.

Sa'ngha, _p._ and _skt._, the brotherhood of Buddha's disciples, the Buddhist church. An assembly of at least four has the power to hear confession, to grant absolution, to admit persons to the priesthood, etc. The sangha forms the third constituent of the Tiratana or three jewels in which refuge is taken (the S. B. of the E. spell Sawgha); sangha maybe expected to prosper.

Sa'ñjaya, _p._ and _skt._, a wandering ascetic and chief of that sect to which Sāriputta and Moggallāna belonged before their conversion.

Sankhā'ra, _p._, Samskā'ra, _skt._, confection, conformation, disposition. It is the formative element in the karma as it has taken shape in bodily existence.

Sāripu'tta, _p._, Sāripu'tra, _skt._, one of the principal disciples of Buddha; the Buddhistic St. Peter; Sāriputta's faith.

Sā'vaka, _p._, Srā'vaka, _skt._, he who has heard the voice (viz. of Buddha), a pupil, a beginner. The name is used to designate (1) all personal disciples of Buddha, the foremost among whom are called Mahā-sāvakas, and (2) an elementary degree of saintship. A sāvaka is he who is superficial yet in practice and comprehension, being compared to a hare crossing the stream of Samsāra by swimming on the surface. [See Eitel _Handbook_, p. 157.]

Sati-patthā'na, _p._, Smrityupasthā'na, _skt._, meditation; explained as "fixing the attention." The four objects of earnest meditation are: (1) the impurity of the body, (2) the evils arising from sensation, (3) ideas or the impermanence of existence, and (4) reason and character, or the permanency of the dharma. (Rh. D.B., p. 172.) The term is different from "bhāvanā," although translated by the same English word. (_S.B._ of the _E._ XI, p. 62.--211).

Sāva'tthi, _p._, Srāva'sti, _skt._, capital of Northern Kosala. It has been identified by General Cunningham with the ruins of Sāhet-Māhet in Oudh and was situated on the river Rapri, northwest of Magadha.

Se'niya, _p._, Sai'nya, _skt._, military, warlike, an honorary title given to Bimbisāra the king of Magadha.

Siddha'ttha, _p._, Siddhā'rtha, _skt._, Buddha's proper name. Etymology, "He who has reached his goal."

Sigā'la, _p._, Srigā'la, _skt._, literally, "jackal"; name of a Brahman converted by Buddha.

Si'mha, _skt._, Sī'ha, _p._, literally, "lion." Name of a general, an adherent of the Niggantha sect, converted by Buddha; Simha, a soldier; Simha's question concerning annihilation.

So'ma, _p._ and _skt._, derived from the root _su_, to press in a winepress; not as, according to Eitel, Chinese scholars propose from "exhilarate (_su_) and mind (_mana_)." Name of a plant and of its juice, which is intoxicating and is used at Brahmanical festivals; the Soma drink is identified with the moon and personified as a deity.

Subā'hu, _p._ and _skt._, a friend of Yasa.

Subha'dda, _p._, Subha'dra, _skt._, name of a samana. Subha'dda, Buddha's last convert, must not be confounded with another man of the same name who caused dissension soon after Buddha's death.

Suddho'dana, _p._, Śuddho'dana, _skt._, Buddha's father. The word means "possessing pure rice." Buddhists always represent him as a king, but Oldenberg declares that this does not appear in the oldest records, and speaks of him as "a great and wealthy land-owner." (See his _Buddha_, English version, pp. 99 and 416--417).

Su'mana, _p._ and _skt._, name of a householder.

Suprabuddha, father of Devadatta.

Su'tta, _p._, Sū'tra, _skt._, literally" thread," any essay, or guide of a religious character.

Tanhā, _p._, Tr'ishna, _skt._, thirst; the word denotes generally all intense desire, cleaving and clinging with passion. The name of one of Māra's daughters.

Tapu'ssa, _p._ and _skt._, a merchant.

Tāru'kkha, _p._, Tāru'kshya, _skt._, name of a Brahman philosopher.

Tathā'gata, _p._ and _skt._, generally explained as "the Perfect One." The highest attribute of Buddha; robe of the Tathāgata; soldiers of the Tathāgata; the law the body of the Tathāgata; Tathāgatas are only preachers.

Tiratana, _p._, Trira'tna, _skt._, the three jewels or the holy trinity of the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha, a doctrine peculiar to Northern Buddhism. (See Trikāya.)

Ti'tthiya, _p._, Tī'rthika, _skt._, a religious school of India in Buddha's time.

Trikā'ya, the three bodies or personalities of Buddha, the Dharmakāya, the Sambhoga-kāya, and the Nirmāna-kāya.

Uddaka, _p._, U'draka, _skt._, a Brahman philosopher.

Ujje'nī, _p._, Ujja'yinī, _skt._, name of a city.

Upādā'na, _p._ and _skt._, desire, a grasping state of mind. One of the nidānas.

(Upagutta, _p._), Upagu'pta, _skt._, name of a Buddhist monk.

U'paka, _p._ and _skt._, name of a man, a Jain, who met Buddha, but was not converted by him.

Upā'li, _p._ and _skt._, a prominent disciple of Buddha. Before his conversion he was, according to the Buddhistic tradition, court-barber to the king of the Sakyas.

Upasa'mpadā, _p._ and _skt._, admittance to the Buddhist brotherhood, ordination. (See Pabbajā.)

Upava'ttana, Upava'rtana, _skt._, a grove in Kusinagara. The word means a rambling-place, a gymnasium.

Upo'satha, _p._, Upava'satha, _skt._, the Buddhist sabbath. Rhys Davids says (pp. 140--141): "The Uposatha days are the four days in the lunar month when the moon is full, or new, or half way between the two. It is the fourteenth day from the new moon (in short months) and the fifteenth day from the full moon (in the long months), and the eighth day from each of these. The corresponding Sanskrit word is Upavasatha, the fast-day previous to the offering of the intoxicating soma, connected with the worship of the moon. Instead of worshipping the moon, the Buddhists were to keep the fast-day by special observance of the moral precepts; one of many instances in which Gotama spiritualised existing words and customs."; observe the Uposatha or Sabbath.

Uruve'lā, _p._, Urubi'lvā, _skt._, a place south of Patna on the banks of the Nerañjara river, now Buddha Gayā. The residence of Kassapa, the chief of the Jatilas.

Va'jji, _p._, Vri'ji, _skt._, name of a people living in the neighborhood of Magadha; assemblies of the Vajji.

Va'rana, _p._ and _skt._, a tree; _Crataeva Roxburghii_.

Vardhamā'na, _skt._, Vaddhamā'na, _Jaina Prākrit_, proper name of the founder of Jainism. Also called Jñātapu'tra in _skt._ and Nātapu'tta in _Jaina Prākrit_.

Va'runa, _p._ and _skt._, a Brahman deity, the god of heaven and regent of the sea; one of the guardians of the world.

Vāsavada'ttā, _p._ and _skt._, a courtesan of Mathurā.

Vāse'ttha, _p._, Vāsi'shtha, _skt._, name of a Brahman.

Va'ssa, _p._, Va'rsha, _skt._, rain, rainy season. During the rainy season of Northern India, which falls in the months from June to October, the samanas could not wander about, but had to stay in one place. It was the time in which the disciples gathered round their master, listening to his instructions. Thus it became the festive time of the year. In Ceylon, where these same months are the fairest season of the year, Buddhists come together and live in temporary huts, holding religious meetings in the open air, reading the Pitakas and enjoying the Jātakas, legends, and parables of Buddhism. [See Rhys Davids's _B._, p. 57.]

Vassakāra, _p._, Varshakā'ra, _skt._, lit. "rain-maker." Name of a Brahman, the prime minister of the king of Magadha.

Ve'das; I know all the Vedas.

Veluva'na, _p._, Venuva'na, _skt._, a bamboo-grove at Rājagaha; Veluvana vihāra.

Vesā'lī, _p._, Vaiśā'līī, _skt._, a great city of India, north of Patna.

Vihā'ra, _p._ and _skt._, residence of Buddhist monks or priests; a Buddhist convent or monastery; a Buddhist temple.

Vi'mala, _p._ and _skt._ (etym., the spotless), name of a friend of Yasa.

Vi'naya.

Visā'khā, _p._, Viśā'khā, _skt._, a wealthy matron of Sāvatthi, one of Buddha's most distinguished woman lay-disciples. Says Oldenberg, _Buddha_, English translation, p. 167: "Every one invites Visākhā to sacrificial ceremonies and banquets, and has the dishes offered to her first; a guest like her brings luck to the house."; eight boons of Visākhā; gladness of Visākhā.

Ya'ma, _p._ and _skt._, also called Yama-rā'ja, death, the god of death.

Ya'sa, Ya'śas, _skt._, the noble youth of Benares, son of a wealthy man and one of Buddha's earliest converts.

Yaso'dharā, _p._, Ya'śodharā, _skt._, wife of Prince Gotama Siddhattha before he became Buddha. She became one of the first of Buddhist nuns. [See Jātaka, 87--90; Commentary on Dhammapada, vv. 168, 169: Bigandet, 156--168; Spence Hardy's _Manual_, 198--204; Beal, pp. 360--364: _B. Birth Stories_, 127.]

INDEX.

Abstain from impurity. Abstinence. Abode in me, truth has taken its. Abodes of truth. Abolish all the lesser. Abolished, omens. About to pass away. Absolution. Abuse, the sermon on. According to their deeds. Address, Buddha's farewell. Adoration be to thee. Aim, one, one essence, one law. Aim, the one, Nirvāna. Aim, the preacher's sole. All creatures received the message in their own language. Alone, let a man walk (see also Solitary). Altercations. Always in danger of death. Ambrosia, lake of. Angels rejoice. Anger, by love overcome. Annihilation. Annihilation of egotism. Annihilation, Simha's question concerning. Another Buddha will arise. Anxious to learn, must be. Anxious to learn the truth, be. Apoplexy, struck by. Appearance of Bodhisatta. Appearance, the glory of his. Appeared, the saviour. Appeased not by hatred, hatred. Are all paths saving paths? Artisans, the chief of the. Asceticism. Ascetics, naked. Ashes. Assemblies of the Vajji. Assemblies, various kinds of. Assured of final salvation. Astrology and forecasting by signs forbidden. Ātman and the _I_. Atone for your evil deeds, you will have to. Atonement by blood. Audience, like unto the color of my. Avoid dying, not any means to.

Bad deeds easy to do. Bamboo grove. Bathing in the Ganges. Battle of life. Battle, the elephant no longer fit for. Battles, fight your. Be married unto the truth. Be ye lamps unto yourselves Beauty, to restore to you a nobler. Becoming, gradual. Bee collects nectar, the. Being, the purpose of. Beings, preach to all. Beneath, water gurgling. Best, truth is. Better bore out both eyes. Blessed One, has to suffer, the; Blessed One, refuge in the; Blessed One swooned, the; Blessed One walked unshod, the, Blessed One, wearisome to the. Blind man. Blind men. Blind received sight. Blind, the man born. Blind, truth is hidden to the. Blind, your eyes are. Bliss be diffused, let the. Bliss, the communication of. Bliss where suffering is. Blood, atonement by. Blood has no cleansing power. Blood, shedding of. Blow, give the rock a good. Blow off the impurities. Body of flesh? Why preserve this. Body of the law; the body of the law will endure. Body, the worldling nourishes his. Bonds that tie all souls together. Boons of Visākhā, eight. Brahmā. Brahman. Brahman lore, the substance of. Bridler of men's hearts. Bright, the sun is. Bright, thinkers are; warriors are bright. Bubble. Buddhahood, omens of; signs of Buddhahood. Burning, every thing is. Butterfly, like the. By deeds one becomes an outcast.

Calamities, ten great. Carp not. Cart, as a worn out. Cast-off rags. Caste, I ask not for. Cause of further migrations. Cause of selfhood, the, Found!. Cease by hatred, hatred does not. Ceremony. Chance. Change, grief at; self is change. Charity, rich in returns; the sermon on. Charms are treacherous. Chastity. Cherish no hatred. Chickens should break the eggshell. Chief of the artisans, the. Children, I am your father, ye are. City of Nirvāna, the. Cleanses from error, the truth. Cleansing power, blood has no. Cleaving to self. Cloth of gold, robes of. Cloud, like a. Cloud of good qualities. Coil, the. Color of my audience, like unto the. Combination, individuality a; combination subject to separation. Come forth into the light. Come into the world to befriend. Come to teach life. Commandments, see the ten evils. Communication of bliss, the. Complete surrender of self. Compounds will be dissolved. Comprehension of things, truth the correct. Concord, two ways of re-establishing; meeting in concord; re-establishment of concord. Conditions of welfare, eight. Confer the ordination. Confession of trespasses. Conquerors, the greatest of. Conquest of self. Consolidation of Buddha's religion. Contact of the object and senses. Continuity, sameness and. Coop, the fowl in the. Correct comprehension of things, truth the. Correlatives. Courtesan. Covet not. Crane, the wild; the cruel crane. Creatures, all, received the message in their own language. Criminal, punishment of the. Criminal's act, punishment the fruit of the. Crossed the river. Crossed the stream, he had. Cultivate good-will. Culture of the mind.

Danger of death, always in. Dangers hang over Pātaliputta, three. Dark, do not call the world. Dart of lust, the. Dead are many, the. Dead not saved by lamentation. Deaf and dumb speak, the. Death, always in danger of; Buddha's death; fate after death; death is near; no escape from; in the domain of death; self is death; thoughtlessness, the path of death. Deeds, according to their; bad deeds easy to do; by deeds one becomes an outcast; passed away according to his deeds. Deeper, dig. Delusion and truth. Delusions. Denies the existence of the soul, Gotama. Desert, a waterless; rescue in the desert; a sandy desert. Desire, the extinction of evil. Desolation, a hopeless. Despot, the. Destiny of warriors. Destroyed, hell is. Devadatta, sect of. Die until, etc., I shall not; truth cannot die. Died in the faith, he. Diffused, let the bliss be. Dig deeper. Disciple, the first woman lay-. Disciple, a, flagged. Dissatisfied, the people. Dissolution, necessity of. Dissolved, compounds will be. Distinction, without. Doctrine, preach the, glorious in the beginning, the middle, and end; my doctrine is like the great ocean; doctrine like unto fire; doctrine like unto water. Doffed their robes, the bhikkhus. Dog, the hungry. Domain of death, in the. Do not call the world dark. Do not rely on external help. Do not scold. Door of immortality. Draught-ox, exertion is a. Drink, the refreshing, perception of truth. Drinking? Is the water not fit for. Dumb, the deaf and, speak. Dust, like one who flings. Dust of worldliness. Dwelling-place, wisdom has no. Dying, not any means to avoid.

Each day one hemp-grain. Earnestness is the goad; earnestness is the path of immortality. Earth, peace on. Earthquake. East, face towards the. Eating of flesh, the. Ecstasy, the song of.

Eddies of transmigration. Efficacy, rituals have no. Egg-shell, chickens should break the; I have first broken the eggshell. Eggs, hen brooding over. Ego, the; ego, an illusion; the instability of the ego. Egotism, the annihilation of. Eight boons of Visākhā. Eight conditions of welfare. Eight wonderful qualities. Eightfold path, the. Eightfold, the best way is the. Eldest, I am the. Elephant, powerful; the elephant no longer fit for battle. Elevate the mind. Emaciated from fasts. Embrace of truth, the. Emptiness and immaterial life. Enabled me to do so, faith. Endure, thoughts will. Enemy, his greatest. Enlightened Teacher, refuge in the. Entities, souls not separate and self-existent. Envy not. Epidemic. Eradication of self. Error, self an; error be thou my guide. Error, truth cleanses from. Errors. Escape from death, no. Essence of life, truth is the; one in essence; one essence, one law, one aim. Eternal, truth the image of the. Everlasting life. Evil actions, thou canst not escape the fruit of. Everything is burning. Evil by good, overcome; evil deeds, you will have to atone for your; ignorance the root of evil; pain is the outcome of evil; evil powers no surrender; evil of lust, avoid. Evolution; in the course of evolution. Exertion is a draught-ox. Existence is spiritual, all; thirst for existence and selfhood. Expulsion, sentence of. External help, do not rely on. Extinction of self, the, salvation; the extinction of sinful desire; the extinction of thirst. Eye, the, ātman and; eye of truth; mental eye; spiritual eye. Eyes, better bore out both.

Face to face, Brahmā; the universe face to face; face to face with him. Face towards the east. Facing towards the west. Faith alone can save; faith enabled me to do so; hast thou faith; he died in the faith; faith is the seed; faith in the Buddha; Sāriputta's faith. Falter not, wise people. Famine. Farewell address, Buddha's. Fashion themselves, wise people. Fashioned, truth cannot be. Fasts, emaciated from. Fate after death. Father and son; father I reverence my father; ye are my children, I am your father. Faults of others, the. Fell upon him, sickness. Fetch me some water. Few, the living are. Fight your battles. Fire, doctrine like unto. Fire, sermon on. First broken the egg-shell, I have. First Buddha, I am not the. First lay-member, the. First women lay-disciples, the. Fish, the giddy. Fit for battle, the elephant no longer. Fit for drinking? Is the water now. Fit to live, more. Five meditations. Five roots of mind, the. Five wishes of Bimbisāra. Fivefold gain; fivefold loss. Flagged, a disciple. Flagging, religious zeal. Flame, sameness of the. Flesh, the eating of; thorn in the; let the flesh waste away; why preserve this body of flesh? Flings dust, like one who. Flowers out of season; lotus flowers; mandara flowers. Following the Master over the stream. Fool; the listless fool. Foolish, pleasures destroy the; foolish talk. Forbidden, miracles. Forecasting by signs forbidden, astrology and. Found! the cause of selfhood; found the truth. Foundation of the Kingdom of Righteousness. Four kinds of offering; four kinds of merit; four simples; the four quarters; the four noble truths; the four signs; where four roads cross. Fowl in the coop, the. Fragrant like the lotus. Free your mind of ignorance. Fruit of evil actions, thou canst not escape the; the fruit of immortality; the fruit of the criminal's act punishment. Fruits, ripe.