PART V.

THE FORTUNES OF THE LESSER EUROPEAN STATES

CHAP. I.--IDEAS OF NATIONALITY AND NATIONAL GREATNESS 257

II.--THE SCANDINAVIAN PEOPLES 264

III.--THE HANSA 286

IV.--HOLLAND 291 § 1. The Rise of the Netherlands 293 § 2. The Revolt against Spain 301 § 3. The Supremacy of Dutch Commerce 310 § 4. Home and Foreign Policy 318 § 5. The Decline of Commercial Supremacy 321 § 6. The Culture Evolution 325 § 7. The Modern Situation 328

V.--SWITZERLAND 331 § 1. The Beginnings of Union 332 § 2. The Socio-Political Evolution 338 § 3. The Modern Renaissance 347

VI.--PORTUGAL 355 § 1. The Rise and Fall of Portuguese Empire 355 § 2. The Colonisation of Brazil 361