CHAPTER XLIII.

BOYACA--COLUMBIA--CARABOBO.

1819--1822.

Bolívar joins Santander--The Passage of the Cordillera--The Expedition halts in the Valley of Sagamoso--Skilful Manœuvres of Bolívar--He captures the City of Tunja--Battle of Boyacá--Bolívar occupies Bogotá--His Activity and the Honours paid Him--Founds the Republic of Columbia--Cruelty of Santander--Bolívar returns to Angostura--Changes during his Absence--Decrees of Congress--Bolívar named Provisional President of Columbia--Military Operations on the North Coast--Arrival of the Irish Legion at Margarita--Paez retakes San Fernando--The Armistice of Trujillo--Morillo returns to Spain--Revolution in Maracaibo--Operations of Montilla--Bolívar again takes the Field--Battle of Carabobo--Bolívar for the Second Time enters Caracas in Triumph--The Constituent Congress--Bolívar is named President--Capitulation of Cartagena--The Provinces of the Isthmus declare their Independence--Fall of Chagres and Portobello--Bolívar leaves for the South--Activity of Morales--He capitulates--Puerto Cabello is taken by Paez.....394