CHAPTER XL.

THE DISSOLUTION OF NEW GRANADA.

1815--1817.

The Fall of Constitutional Government in Spain--Jealousy of Native Troops--Bolívar takes Command of the Army of New Granada--Capture of Bogotá--Fresh Honours to Bolívar--Bolívar makes War on Cartagena--And retires to Jamaica--His Memorials--Morillo arrives from Spain with a Powerful Squadron, and takes Command of the Royalists--Miyares secures the Isthmus of Panamá--Morillo’s Instructions--Reduction of the Island of Margarita--Loss of the _San Pedro_--Morillo occupies Caracas--And sails thence for Cartagena--Cartagena--The Siege of Cartagena--The Fortress and City are evacuated by the Patriots--Repulse of Calzada from the Plains of Casanare--Defeat of the Patriots at Balaga--Further Successes of Calzada--Madrid is defeated by Sámano in the South--Fresh Disturbances in Venezuela--Offers of Amnesty--Establishment of Military Rule at Bogotá--Executions--Morillo returns to Venezuela--Cruelties of Sámano--Death of La Pola--Sámano is appointed Viceroy by Morillo.....353