CHAPTER I

CRIMINALITY IN YOUTH

Introductory--The Causes of Criminality in Youth--The Classical Criminal Law--Gradual Transformation of the Classical Criminal Law--Special Legislation dealing with Youthful Criminals-- Proposals bearing on the Question of Criminal Responsibility at Different Ages--The Defects of our Present Penal Methods--The Question of the Capacity for Understanding the Punishable Character of Criminal Offences--The School--The Reprimand-- Flogging--The Conditional Sentence--The Indeterminate Sentence-- Should Punishment be rendered more Severe?--The Coercive Reformatory Education of Youthful Criminals--Institutional Education _versus_ Family Education--Testing Reform--The Radical Solution of the Problem 217