Part 22

_Organ_, any member of the plant, as a leaf, a stamen, &c.

_Organography_, study of organs, 9. _Organogenesis_, that of the development of organs.

_Orgyalis_, of the height of a man.

_Orthos_, Greek for straight; thus, _Orthocarpous_, with straight fruit; _Orthostichous_, straight-ranked.

_Orthotropous_ (ovule or seed), 111.

_Osseous_, of a bony texture.

_Outgrowths_, growths from the surface of a leaf, petal, &c.

_Oval_, broadly elliptical, 52.

_Ovary_, that part of the pistil containing the ovules or future seeds, 14, 80, 105.

_Ovate_, shaped like an egg, with the broader end downwards; or, in plain surfaces, such as leaves, like the section of an egg lengthwise, 52.

_Ovoid_, ovate or oval in a solid form.

_Ovule_, the body which is destined to become a seed, 14, 80, 105, 110.

_Ovuliferous_, ovule-bearing.

_Palate_, a projection of the lower lip of a labiate corolla into the throat, as in Snapdragon, &c.

_Palea_ (plural _paleae_), chaff; the inner husks of Grasses; the chaff or bracts on the receptacle of many Compositae, as Coreopsis, and Sunflower.

_Paleaceous_, furnished with chaff, or chaffy in texture.

_Paleolate_, having _Paleolae_ or paleae of a second order, or narrow paleae.

_Palet_, English term for palea.

_Palmate_, when leaflets or the divisions of a leaf all spread from the apex of the petiole, like the hand with the outspread fingers, 57, 58.

_Palmately_ (veined, lobed, &c.), in a palmate manner, 51, 56.

_Palmatifid_, _-lobed_, _-sect_, palmately cleft, or lobed, or divided.

_Paludose_, inhabiting marshes. _Palustrine_, same.

_Panduriform_, or _Pandurate_, fiddle-shaped (which see).

_Panicle_, an open and branched cluster, 81.

_Panicled_, _Paniculate_, arranged in panicles, or like a panicle.

_Pannose_, covered with a felt of woolly hairs.

_Papery_, of about the consistence of letter-paper.

_Papilionaceous_, butterfly-shaped; applied to such a corolla as that of the Pea, 91.

_Papilla_ (plural _papillae_), little nipple-shaped protuberances.

_Papillate_, _Papillose_, covered with papillae.

_Pappus_, thistle-down. The down crowning the achenium of the Thistle, Groundsel, &c., and whatever in Compositae answers to calyx, whether hairs, teeth, or scales, 121.

_Papyraceous_, like parchment in texture.

_Parallel-veined_ or _nerved_ (leaves), 50.

_Paraphyses_, jointed filaments mixed with the antheridia of Mosses.

_Parasitic_, living as a parasite, i. e. on another plant or animal, 37.

_Parenchemytous_, composed of parenchyma.

_Parenchyma_, soft cellular tissue of plants, like the green pulp of leaves, 132.

_Parietal_ (placentae, &c.), attached to the walls (_parietes_) of the ovary.

_Paripinnate_, pinnate with an even number of leaflets.

_Parted_, separated or cleft into parts almost to the base, 55.

_Parthenogenesis_, producing seed without fertilization.

_Partial involucre_, same as an _involucel_; _partial petiole_, a division of a main leaf-stalk or the stalk of a leaflet; _partial peduncle_, a branch of a peduncle; _partial umbel_, an umbellet, 76.

_Partition_, a segment of a _parted_ leaf; or an internal wall in an ovary, anther, &c.

_Patelliform_, disk-shaped, like the _patella_ or kneepan.

_Patent_, spreading, open. _Patulous_, moderately spreading.

_Pauci-_, in composition, few; as _pauciflorous_, few-flowered, &c.

_Pear-shaped_, solid obovate, the shape of a pear.

_Pectinate_, pinnatifid or pinnately divided into narrow and close divisions, like the teeth of a comb.

_Pedate_, like a bird's foot; palmate or palmately cleft, with the side divisions again cleft, as in Viola pedata, &c.

_Pedicel_, the stalk of each particular flower of a cluster, 73.

_Pedicellate_, _Pedicelled_, borne on a pedicel.

_Pedalis_, Latin for a foot high or long.

_Peduncle_, a flower-stalk, whether of a single flower or of a flower-cluster, 73.

_Peduncled_, _Pedunculate_, furnished with a peduncle.

_Peloria_, an abnormal return to regularity and symmetry in an irregular flower; commonest in Snapdragon.

_Peltate_, shield-shaped; said of a leaf, whatever its shape, when the petiole is attached to the lower side, somewhere within the margin, 53.

_Pelviform_, basin-shaped.

_Pendent_, hanging. _Pendulous_, somewhat hanging or drooping.

_Penicillate_, _Penicilliform_, tipped with a tuft of fine hairs, like a painter's pencil; as the stigmas of some Grasses.

_Pennate_, same as pinnate. _Penninerved_ and _Penniveined_, pinnately veined, 51.

_Penta-_ (in words of Greek composition), five; as _Pentadelphous_, 99; _Pentagynous_, with five pistils or styles; _Pentamerous_, with its parts in fives, or on the plan of five; _Pentandrous_, having five stamens, 112; _Pentastichous_, in five ranks, &c.

_Pepo_, a fruit like the Melon and Cucumber, 119.

_Perennial_, lasting from year to year, 38.

_Perfect_ (flower), having both stamens and pistils, 81.

_Perfoliate_, passing through the leaf, in appearance, 60.

_Perforate_, pierced with holes, or with transparent dots resembling holes, as an Orange-leaf.

_Peri-_, Greek for around; from which are such terms as

_Perianth_, the leaves of the flower collectively, 79.

_Pericarp_, the ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit, 117.

_Pericarpic_, belonging to the pericarp.

_Perigonium_, _Perigone_, same as _perianth_.

_Perigynium_, bodies around the pistil; applied to the closed cup or bottle-shaped body (of bracts) which encloses the ovary of Sedges, and to the bristles, little scales, &c., of the flowers of some other Cyperaceae.

_Perigynous_, the petals and stamens borne on the calyx, 95, 99.

_Peripheric_, around the outside, or periphery, of any organ.

_Perisperm_, a name for the albumen of a seed.

_Peristome_, the fringe of teeth to the spore-case of Mosses, 163.

_Persistent_, remaining beyond the period when such parts commonly fall, as the leaves of evergreens, and the calyx of such flowers as persist during the growth of the fruit.

_Personate_, masked; a bilabiate corolla with a _palate_ in the throat, 92.

_Pertuse_, perforated with a hole or slit.

_Perulate_, having scales (_Perulae_), such as bud-scales.

_Pes_, _pedis_, Latin for the foot or support, whence _Longipes_, long-stalked, &c.

_Petal_, a leaf of the corolla, 14, 79.

_Petalody_, metamorphosis of stamens, &c., into petals.

_Petaloid_, _Petaline_, petal-like; resembling or colored like petals.

_Petiole_, a footstalk of a leaf; a leaf-stalk, 49.

_Petioled_, _Petiolate_, furnished with a petiole.

_Petiolulate_, said of a leaflet when raised on its own partial leaf-stalk.

_Petraeus_, Latin for growing on rocks.

_Phalanx_, _phalanges_, bundles of stamens.

_Phaenogamous_, or _Phanerogamous_, plants bearing flowers and producing seeds; same as Flowering Plants. _Phaenogams_, _Phanerogams_, 10.

_Phloeum_, Greek name for bark, whence _Endophloeum_, inner bark, &c.

_Phoeniceous_, deep red verging to scarlet.

_Phycology_, the botany of Algae.

_Phyllocladia_, branches assuming the form and function of leaves.

_Phyllodium_ (plural, _phyllodia_), a leaf where the seeming blade is a dilated petiole, as in New Holland Acacias, 61.

_Phyllome_, foliar parts, those answering to leaves in their nature.

_Phyllon_ (plural, _phylla_), Greek for leaf and leaves; used in many compound terms and names.

_Phyllotaxis_, or _Phyllotaxy_, the arrangement of leaves on the stem, 67.

_Physiological Botany_, 9.

_Phytography_, relates to characterizing and describing plants.

_Phyton_, or _Phytomer_, a name used to designate the pieces which by their repetition make up a plant, theoretically, viz. a joint of stem with its leaf or pair of leaves.

_Pileus_ of a mushroom, 172.

_Piliferous_, bearing a slender bristle or hair (_pilum_), or beset with hairs.

_Pilose_, hairy; clothed with soft slender hairs.

_Pinna_, a primary division with its leaflets of a bipinnate or tripinnate leaf.

_Pinnule_, a secondary division of a bipinnate or tripinnate leaf, 66.

_Pinnate_ (leaf), when leaflets are arranged along the sides of a common petiole, 57.

_Pinnately lobed_, _cleft_, _parted_, _divided_, _veined_, 56.

_Pinnatifid_, _Pinnatisect_, same as pinnately cleft and pinnately parted, 56.

_Pisiform_, pea-shaped.

_Pistil_, the seed-bearing organ of the flower, 14, 80, 105.

_Pistillate_, having a pistil, 85.

_Pistillidium_, the body which in Mosses answers to the pistil, 159, 164.

_Pitchers_, 64.

_Pith_, the cellular centre of an exogenous stem, 138.

_Placenta_, the surface or part of the ovary to which the ovules are attached, 107.

_Placentiform_, nearly same as quoit-shaped.

_Plaited_ (in the bud), or _Plicate_, folded, 72, 98.

_Platy-_, Greek for broad, in compounds, such as _Platyphyllous_, broad-leaved, &c.

_Pleio-_, Greek for full or abounding, used in compounds, such as _Pleiopetalous_, of many petals, &c.

_Plumbeus_, lead-colored.

_Plumose_, feathery; when any slender body (such as a bristle of a pappus or a style) is beset with hairs along its sides, like the plume of a feather.

_Plumule_, the bud or first shoot of a germinating plantlet above the cotyledons, 13.

_Pluri-_, in composition, many or several; as _Plurifoliolate_, with several leaflets.

_Pod_, specially a legume, 122; also may be applied to any sort of capsule.

_Podium_, a footstalk or stipe, used only in Greek compounds, as (suffixed) _Leptopodus_, slender-stalked, or (prefixed) _Podocephalus_, with a stalked head, and in _Podosperm_, a seed stalk or funiculus.

_Pogon_, Greek for beard, comes into various compounds.

_Pointless_, destitute of any pointed tip, such as a _mucro_, _awn_, _acumination_, &c.

_Pollen_, the fertilizing powder contained in the anther, 14, 80, 103.

_Pollen-growth_, 117. _Polleniferous_, pollen-bearing.

_Pollen-mass_, _Pollinium_, the united mass of pollen, 104, as in Milkweed and Orchis.

_Pollicaris_, Latin for an inch long.

_Pollination_, the application of pollen to the stigma, 114.

_Poly-_, in compound words of Greek origin, same as _multi-_ in those of Latin origin viz. many, as

_Polyadelphous_, stamens united by their filaments into several bundles, 100.

_Polyandrous_, with numerous stamens (inserted on the receptacle), 100.

_Polycarpic_, term used by DeCandolle in the sense of perennial.

_Polycotyledonous_, having many (more than two) cotyledons, as Pines, 23.

_Polygamous_, having some perfect and some unisexual flowers, 85.

_Polygonal_, many-angled.

_Polygynous_, with many pistils or styles, 105.

_Polymerous_, formed of many parts of each set.

_Polymorphous_, of several or varying forms.

_Polypetalous_, when the petals are distinct or separate (whether few or many), 89.

_Polyphyllous_, many-leaved; formed of several distinct pieces.

_Polysepalous_, same as the last when applied to the calyx, 89.

_Polyspermous_, many-seeded.

_Pome_, the apple, pear, and similar fleshy fruits, 119.

_Pomiferous_, pome-bearing.

_Porrect_, outstretched.

_Posterior_ side or portion of a flower (when axillary) is that toward the axis, 96.

_Pouch_, the silicle or short pod, as of Shepherd's Purse, 123.

_Praecocious_ (Latin, _praecox_), unusually early in development.

_Praefloration_, same as _aestivation_, 97.

_Praefoliation_, same as _vernation_, 71.

_Praemorse_, ending abruptly, as if bitten off.

_Pratensis_, Latin for growing in meadows.

_Prickles_, sharp elevations of the bark, coming off with it, as of the Rose.

_Prickly_, bearing prickles, or sharp projections like them.

_Primine_, the outer coat of the covering of the ovule, 110.

_Primordial_, earliest formed; primordial leaves are the first after the cotyledons.

_Prismatic_, prism-shaped; having three or more angles bounding flat sides.

_Procerous_, tall, or tall and slim.

_Process_, any projection from the surface or edge of a body.

_Procumbent_, trailing on the ground, 39.

_Procurrent_, running through but not projecting.

_Produced_, extended or projecting; the upper sepal of a Larkspur is _produced_ above into a spur, 87.

_Proliferous_ (literally, bearing offspring), where a new branch rises from an older one, or one head or cluster of flowers out of another.

_Propaculum_ or _Propagulum_, a shoot for propagation.

_Prosenchyma_, a tissue of wood-cells.

_Prostrate_, lying flat on the ground, 39.

_Protandrous_ or _Proterandrous_, the anthers first maturing, 116.

_Proteranthous_, flowering before leafing.

_Proterogynous_ or _Protogynous_, the stigmas first to mature, 116.

_Prothallium_ or _Prothallus_, 160.

_Protoplasm_, the soft nitrogenous lining or contents, or living part, of cells, 129.

_Protos_, Greek for first; in various compounds.

_Pruinose_, _Pruinate_, frosted; covered with a powder like hoar-frost.

_Pseudo-_, Greek for false. _Pseudo-bulb_, the aerial corms of epiphytic Orchids, &c.

_Psilos_, Greek for bare or naked, used in many compounds.

_Pteridophyta_, _Pteridophytes_, 156.

_Pteris_, Greek for wing, and general name for Fern, enters into many compounds.

_Puberulent_, covered with fine and short or almost imperceptible down.

_Pubescent_, hairy or downy, especially with fine and soft hairs or _pubescence_.

_Pulverulent_ or _Pulveraceous_, as if dusted with fine powder.

_Pulvinate_, cushioned, or shaped like a cushion.

_Pumilus_, low or little.

_Punctate_, dotted, either with minute holes or what look as such.

_Puncticulate_, minutely punctate.

_Pungent_, prickly-tipped.

_Puniceous_, carmine-red.

_Purpureus_, originally red or crimson, more used for duller or bluish-red.

_Pusillus_, weak and small, tiny.

_Putamen_, the stone of a drupe, or the shell of a nut, 120.

_Pygmaeus_, Latin for dwarf.

_Pyramidal_, shaped like a pyramid.

_Pyrene_, _Pyrena_, a seed-like nutlet or stone of a small drupe.

_Pyriform_, pear-shaped.

_Pyxidate_, furnished with a lid.

_Pyxis_, _Pyxidium_, a pod opening round horizontally by a lid, 124.

_Quadri-_, in words of Latin origin, four; as _Quadrangular_, four-angled; _Quadrifoliate_, four-leaved; _Quadrifid_, four-cleft. _Quaternate_ in fours.

_Quinate_, in fives. _Quinque_, five.

_Quincuncial_, in a quincunx; when the parts in aestivation are five, two of them outside, two inside, and one half out and half in.

_Quintuple_, five-fold.

_Race_, a marked variety which may be perpetuated from seed, 176.

_Raceme_, a flower-cluster, with one-flowered pedicels arranged along the sides of a general peduncle, 73.

_Racemose_, bearing racemes, or raceme-like.

_Rachis_, see _rhachis_.

_Radial_, belonging to the ray.

_Radiate_, or _Radiant_, furnished with ray-flowers, 94.

_Radiate-veined_, 52.

_Radical_, belonging to the root, or apparently coming from the root.

_Radicant_, rooting, taking root on or above the ground.

_Radicels_, little roots or rootlets.

_Radicle_, the stem part of the embryo, the lower end of which forms the root, 11, 127.

_Rameal_, belonging to a branch. _Ramose_, full of branches (_rami_).

_Ramentaceous_, beset with thin chaffy scales (_Ramenta_), as the stalks of many Ferns.

_Ramification_, branching, 27.

_Ramulose_, full of branchlets (_ramuli_).

_Raphe_, see _rhaphe_.

_Ray_, parts diverging from a centre, the marginal flowers of a head (as of Coreopsis, 94), or cluster, as of Hydrangea (78), when different from the rest, especially when ligulate and diverging (like rays or sunbeams); also the branches of an umbel, 74.

_Ray-flowers_, 94.

_Receptacle_, the axis or support of a flower, 81, 112; also the common axis or support of a head of flowers, 73.

_Reclined_, turned or curved downwards; nearly recumbent.

_Rectinerved_, with straight nerves or veins.

_Recurved_, curved outwards or backwards.

_Reduplicate_ (in aestivation), valvate with the margins turned outwards, 97.

_Reflexed_, bent outwards or backwards.

_Refracted_, bent suddenly, so as to appear broken at the bend.

_Regular_, all the parts similar in shape, 82.

_Reniform_, kidney-shaped, 53.

_Repand_, wavy-margined, 55.

_Repent_, creeping, i. e. prostrate and rooting underneath.

_Replum_, the frame of some pods (as of Prickly Poppy and Cress), persistent after the valves fall away.

_Reptant_, same as repent.

_Resupinate_, inverted, or appearing as if upside down, or reversed.

_Reticulated_, the veins forming network, 50. _Retiform_, in network.

_Retinerved_, reticulate-veined.

_Retroflexed_, bent backwards; same as _reflexed_.

_Retuse_, blunted; the apex not only obtuse but somewhat indented, 54.

_Revolute_, rolled backwards, as the margins of many leaves, 72.

_Rhachis_ (the backbone), the axis of a spike or other body, 73.

_Rhaphe_, the continuation of the seed-stalk along the side of an anatropous ovule or seed, 112, 126.

_Rhaphides_, crystals, especially needle-shaped ones, in the tissues of plants, 137.

_Rhizanthous_, flowering from the root.

_Rhizoma_, _Rhizome_, a rootstock, 42-44.

_Rhombic_, in the shape of a rhomb. _Rhomboidal_, approaching that shape.

_Rib_, the principal piece, or one of the principal pieces of the framework of a leaf, or any similar elevated line along a body, 49, 50.

_Rimose_, having chinks or cracks.

_Ring_, an elastic band on the spore-cases of Ferns, 159.

_Ringent_, grinning; gaping open, 92.

_Riparious_, on river-banks.

_Rivalis_, Latin for growing along brooks; or _Rivularis_, in rivulets.

_Root_, 33.

_Root-hairs_, 35.

_Rootlets_, small roots, or root-branches, 33.

_Rootstock_, root-like trunks or portions of stems on or under ground, 42.

_Roridus_, dewy.

_Rosaceous_, arranged like the petals of a rose.

_Rostellate_, bearing a small beak (_Rostellum_).

_Rostrate_, bearing a beak (_Rostrum_) or a prolonged appendage.

_Rosulate_, in a rosette or cluster of spreading leaves.

_Rotate_, wheel-shaped, 89.

_Rotund_, rounded or roundish in outline.

_Ruber_, Latin for red in general. _Rubescent_, _Rubicund_, reddish or blushing.

_Rudimentary_, imperfectly developed, or in an early state of development.

_Rufous_, _Rufescent_, brownish-red or reddish-brown.

_Rugose_, wrinkled; roughened with wrinkles.

_Ruminated_ (albumen), penetrated with irregular channels or portions, as a nutmeg, looking as if chewed.

_Runcinate_, coarsely saw-toothed or cut, the pointed teeth turned towards the base of the leaf, as the leaf of a Dandelion.

_Runner_, a slender and prostrate branch, rooting at the end, or at the joints, 40.

_Sabulose_, growing in sand.

_Sac_, any closed membrane, or a deep purse-shaped cavity.

_Saccate_, sac-shaped.

_Sagittate_, arrowhead-shaped, 53.

_Salsuginous_, growing in brackish soil.

_Salver-shaped_, or _Salver-form_, with a border spreading at right angles to a slender tube, 89.

_Samara_, a wing-fruit, or key, 122.

_Samaroid_, like a samara or key-fruit.

_Sap_, the juices of plants generally, 136. _Sapwood_, 142.

_Saprophytes_, 37.

_Sarcocarp_, the fleshy part of a stone-fruit, 120.

_Sarmentaceous_, _Sarmentose_, bearing long and flexible twigs (_Sarments_), either spreading or procumbent.

_Saw-toothed_, see _serrate_, 55.

_Scabrous_, rough or harsh to the touch.

_Scalariform_, with cross-bands, resembling the steps of a ladder, 134.

_Scales_, of buds, 28; of bulbs, &c., 46.

_Scalloped_, same as _crenate_, 55.

_Scaly_, furnished with scales, or scale-like in texture.

_Scandent_, climbing, 39.

_Scape_, a peduncle rising from the ground or near it, as in many Violets.

_Scapiform_, scape-like.

_Scapigerous_, scape-bearing.

_Scar_ of the seed, 126. _Leaf-scars_, 27, 28.

_Scarious_ or _Scariose_, thin, dry, and membranous.

_Scion_, a shoot or slip used for grafting.

_Scleros_, Greek for hard, hence _Sclerocarpous_, hard-fruited.

_Scobiform_, resembling sawdust.

_Scorpioid_ or _Scorpioidal_, curved or circinate at the end, 77.

_Scrobiculate_, pitted; excavated into shallow pits.

_Scurf_, _Scurfiness_, minute scales on the surface of many leaves, as of Goosefoot.

_Scutate_, _Scutiform_, buckler-shaped.

_Scutellate_, or _Scutelliform_, saucer-shaped or platter-shaped.

_Secund_, one-sided; i. e. where flowers, leaves, &c., are all turned to one side.

_Secundine_, the inner coat of the ovule, 110.

_Seed_, 125. _Seed-leaves_, see _cotyledons_. _Seed-vessel_, 127.

_Segment_, a subdivision or lobe of any cleft body.

_Segregate_, separated from each other.

_Semi-_, in compound words of Latin origin, half; as

_Semi-adherent_, as the calyx or ovary of Purslane; _Semicordate_, half-heart-shaped; _Semilunar_, like a half-moon; _Semiovate_, half-ovate, &c.

_Seminal_, relating to the seed (_Semen_). _Seminiferous_, seed-bearing.

_Sempervirent_, evergreen.

_Sensitiveness_ in plants, 149, 152.

_Senary_, in sixes.

_Sepal_, a leaf or division of the calyx, 14, 79.

_Sepaloid_, sepal-like. _Sepaline_, relating to the sepals.

_Separated Flowers_, those having stamens or pistils only, 85.

_Septate_, divided by partitions.

_Septenate_, with parts in sevens.

_Septicidal_, where dehiscence is through the partitions, 123.

_Septiferous_, bearing the partition.

_Septifragal_, where the valves in dehiscence break away from the partitions, 123.

_Septum_ (plural _septa_), a partition or dissepiment.

_Serial_, or _Seriate_, in rows; as _biserial_, in two rows, &c.

_Sericeous_, silky; clothed with satiny pubescence.

_Serotinous_, late in the season.

_Serrate_, the margin cut into teeth (_Serratures_) pointing forwards, 55.

_Serrulate_, same as the last, but with fine teeth.

_Sessile_, sitting; without any stalk.

_Sesqui-_, Latin for one and a half; so _Sesquipedalis_, a foot and a half long.

_Seta_, a bristle, or a slender body or appendage resembling a bristle.

_Setaceous_, bristle-like. _Setiform_, bristle-shaped.

_Setigerous_, bearing bristles. _Setose_, beset with bristles or bristly hairs.

_Setula_, a diminutive bristle. _Setulose_, provided with such.

_Sex_, six. _Sexangular_, six-angled. _Sexfarious_, six-faced.

_Sheath_, the base of such leaves as those of Grasses, which are

_Sheathing_, wrapped round the stem.

_Shield-shaped_, same as _scutate_, or as _peltate_, 53.

_Shrub_, _Shrubby_, 39.

_Sieve-cells_, 140.

_Sigmoid_, curved in two directions, like the letter S, or the Greek _sigma_.

_Silicle_, a pouch, or short pod of the Cress Family, 123.

_Siliculose_, bearing a silicle, or a fruit resembling it.

_Silique_, capsule of the Cress Family, 123.

_Siliquose_, bearing siliques or pods which resemble siliques.

_Silky_, glossy with a coat of fine and soft, close-pressed, straight hairs.

_Silver-grain_, the medullary rays of wood, 139.

_Silvery_, shining white or bluish-gray, usually from a silky pubescence.

_Simple_, of one piece; opposed to _compound_.

_Sinistrorse_, turned to the left.

_Sinuate_, with margin alternately bowed inwards and outwards, 55.

_Sinus_, a recess or bay; the re-entering angle between two lobes or projections.

_Sleep of Plants_ (so called), 151.

_Smooth_, properly speaking not rough, but often used for glabrous, i. e. not pubescent.

_Soboliferous_, bearing shoots (_Soboles_) from near the ground.

_Solitary_, single; not associated with others.

_Sordid_, dull or dirty in hue.

_Sorediate_, bearing patches on the surface.

_Sorosis_, name of a multiple fruit, like a pine-apple.

_Sorus_, a fruit-dot of Ferns, 159.

_Spadiceous_, chestnut-colored. Also spadix-bearing.

_Spadix_, a fleshy spike of flowers, 75.

_Span_, the distance between the tip of the thumb and of little finger outstretched, six or seven inches.

_Spathaceous_, resembling or furnished with a

_Spathe_, a bract which inwraps an inflorescence, 75.

_Spatulate_, or _Spathulate_, shaped like a spatula, 52.

_Species_, 175.

_Specific Names_, 179.

_Specimens_, 184.

_Spermaphore_, or _Spermophore_, one of the names of the placenta.

_Spermum_, Latin form of Greek word for seed; much used in composition.

_Spica_, Latin for spike; hence _Spicate_, in a spike, _Spiciform_, in shape resembling a spike.

_Spike_, an inflorescence like a raceme, only the flowers are sessile, 74.