Part 21

_Galeate_, shaped like a helmet.

_Gamopetalous_, of united petals, 89.

_Gamophyllous_, formed of united leaves.

_Gamosepalous_, formed of united sepals, 89.

_Geminate_, twin; in pairs.

_Gemma_, Latin for a bud.

_Gemmation_, the state of budding; budding growth.

_Gemmule_, a small bud; the plumule, 13.

_Genera_, plural of genus.

_Geniculate_, bent abruptly, like a knee (_genu_), as many stems.

_Generic Names_, 179.

_Genus_, a kind of a rank above species, 177.

_Germ_, a growing point; a young bud; sometimes the same as embryo, 127.

_Germen_, the old name for ovary.

_Germination_, the development of a plantlet from the seed, 12.

_Gerontogaeous_, inhabiting the Old World.

_Gibbous_, more tumid at one place or on one side than the other.

_Gilvous_, dirty reddish-yellow.

_Glabrate_, becoming glabrous with age, or almost glabrous.

_Glabrous_, smooth, in the sense of having no hairs, bristles, or other pubescence.

_Gladiate_, sword-shaped, as the leaves of Iris.

_Glands_, small cellular organs which secrete oily or aromatic or other products; they are sometimes sunk in the leaves or rind, as in the Orange, Prickly Ash, &c.; sometimes on the surface as small projections; sometimes raised on hairs or bristles (_glandular hairs, &c._), as in the Sweetbrier and Sundew. The name is also given to any small swellings, &c., whether they secrete anything or not; so that the word is loosely used.

_Glandular_, _Glandulose_, furnished with glands, or gland-like.

_Glans_ (_Gland_), the acorn or mast of Oak and similar fruits.

_Glareose_, growing in gravel.

_Glaucescent_, slightly glaucous, or bluish-gray.

_Glaucous_, covered with a _bloom_, viz. with a fine white powder of wax that rubs off, like that on a fresh plum, or a cabbage-leaf.

_Globose_, spherical in form, or nearly so. _Globular_, nearly globose.

_Glochidiate_, or _Glochideous_, (bristles) barbed; tipped with barbs, or with a double hooked point.

_Glomerate_, closely aggregated into a dense cluster.

_Glomerule_, a dense head-like cluster, 77.

_Glossology_, the department of botany in which technical terms are explained.

_Glumaceous_, glume-like, or glume-bearing.

_Glume_; Glumes are the husks or floral coverings of Grasses, or, particularly, the outer husks or bracts of each spikelet.

_Glumelles_, the inner husks of Grasses.

_Gonophore_, a stipe below stamens, 113.

_Gossypine_, cottony, flocculent.

_Gracilis_, Latin for slender.

_Grain_, see _Caryopsis_, 121.

_Gramineous_, grass-like.

_Granular_, composed of grains. _Granule_, a small grain.

_Graveolent_, heavy-scented.

_Griseous_, gray or bluish-gray.

_Growth_, 129.

_Grumous_, or _Grumose_, formed of coarse clustered grains.

_Guttate_, spotted, as if by drops of something colored.

_Gymnos_, Greek for naked, as

_Gymnocarpous_, naked-fruited.

_Gymnospermous_, naked-seeded, 109.

_Gymnospermous gynoecium_, 109.

_Gymnospermae_, or _Gymnospermous Plants_, 183.

_Gynandrous_, with stamens borne on, i. e. united with, the pistil, 99.

_Gynoecium_, a name for the pistils of a flower taken altogether, 105.

_Gynobase_, a depressed receptacle or support of the pistil or carpels, 114.

_Gynophore_, a stalk raising a pistil above the stamens, 113.

_Gynostegium_, a sheath around pistils, of whatever nature.

_Gynostemium_, name of the column in Orchids, &c., consisting of style and stigma with stamens combined.

_Gyrate_, coiled or moving circularly.

_Gyrose_, strongly bent to and fro.

_Habit_, the general aspect of a plant, or its mode of growth.

_Habitat_, the situation or country in which a plant grows in a wild state.

_Hairs_, hair-like growths on the surface of plants.

_Hairy_, beset with hairs, especially longish ones.

_Halberd-shaped_, see _hastate_, 53.

_Halved_, when appearing as if one half of the body were cut away.

_Hamate_, or _Hamose_, hooked; the end of a slender body bent round.

_Hamulose_, bearing a small hook; a diminutive of the last.

_Haplo-_, in Greek compounds, single; as _Haplostemonous_, having only one series of stamens.

_Hastate_, or _Hastile_, shaped like a halberd; furnished with a spreading lobe on each side at the base, 53.

_Head_, capitulum, a form of inflorescence, 74.

_Heart-shaped_, of the shape of a heart as painted on cards, 53.

_Heart-wood_, the older or matured wood of exogenous trees, 142.

_Helicoid_, coiled like a _helix_ or snail-shell, 77.

_Helmet_, the upper sepal of Monkshood is so called.

_Helvolous_, grayish-yellow.

_Hemi-_ in compounds from the Greek, half; e. g. _Hemispherical_, &c.

_Hemicarp_, half-fruit, one carpel of an Umbelliferous plant, 121.

_Hemitropous_ (ovule or seed), nearly same as _amphitropous_, 123.

_Hepta-_ (in words of Greek origin), seven; as _Heptagynous_, with seven pistils or styles. _Heptamerous_, its parts in sevens. _Heptandrous_, having seven stamens.

_Herb_, plant not woody, at least above ground.

_Herbaceous_, of the texture of an herb; not woody, 39.

_Herbarium_, the botanist's arranged collection of dried plants, 186.

_Herborization_, 184.

_Hermaphrodite_ (flower), having stamens and pistils in the same blossom, 81.

_Hesperidium_, orange-fruit, a hard-rinded berry.

_Hetero-_, in Greek compounds, means of two or more sorts, as

_Heterocarpous_, bearing fruit of two kinds or shapes.

_Heterogamous_, bearing two or more sorts of flowers in one cluster.

_Heterogony_, _Heterogone_, or _Heterogonous_, with stamens and pistil reciprocally of two sorts, 116. _Heterostyled_ is same.

_Heteromorphous_, of two or more shapes.

_Heterophyllous_, with two sorts of leaves.

_Heterotropous_ (ovule), the same as _amphitropous_, 123.

_Hexa-_ (in Greek compounds), six; as _Hexagonal_, six-angled. _Hexagynous_, with six pistils or styles. _Hexamerous_, its parts in sixes. _Hexandrous_, with six stamens. _Hexapterous_, six-winged.

_Hibernaculum_, a winter bud.

_Hiemal_, relating to winter.

_Hilar_, belonging to the hilum.

_Hilum_, the scar of the seed; its place of attachment, 110, 126.

_Hippocrepiform_, horseshoe-shaped.

_Hirsute_, clothed with stiffish or beard-like hairs.

_Hirtellous_, minutely hirsute.

_Hispid_, bristly, beset with stiff hairs. _Hispidulous_, diminutive of hispid.

_Histology_, 9.

_Hoary_, grayish-white; see _canescent_, &c.

_Holosericeous_, all over sericeous or silky.

_Homo-_, in Greek compounds, all alike or of one sort.

_Homodromous_, running in one direction.

_Homogamous_, a head or cluster with flowers all of one kind.

_Homogeneous_, uniform in nature; all of one kind.

_Homogone_, or _Homogonous_, counterpart of _Heterogone_ or _Homostyled_.

_Homologous_, of same type; thus petals and sepals are the homologues of leaves.

_Homomallous_ (leaves, &c.), originating all round an axis, but all bent or curved to one side.

_Homorphous_, all of one shape.

_Homotropous_ (embryo), curved with the seed; curved only one way.

_Hood_, same as _helmet_ or _galea_. _Hooded_, hood-shaped; see _cucullate_.

_Hooked_, same as _hamate_.

_Horn_, a spur or some similar appendage. _Horny_, of the texture of horn.

_Hortensis_, pertaining to the garden.

_Hortus Siccus_, an herbarium, or collection of dried plants, 186.

_Humifuse_, _Humistrate_, spread over the surface of the ground.

_Humilis_, low in stature.

_Hyaline_, transparent, or partly so.

_Hybrid_, a cross-breed between two allied species, 176.

_Hydrophytes_, water-plants.

_Hyemal_, see _hiemal_.

_Hymenium_ of a Mushroom, 172.

_Hypanthium_, a hollow flower-receptacle, such as that of Rose.

_Hypo-_, Greek prefix for under, or underneath.

_Hypocotyle_, or _Hypocotyl_, part of stem below the cotyledons, 11.

_Hypocrateriform_, properly _Hypocraterimorphous_, salver-shaped.

_Hypogaean_, or _Hypogaeous_, produced under ground, 19.

_Hypogynous_, inserted under the pistil, 95, 99.

_Hysteranthous_, with the blossoms developed earlier than the leaves.

_Icosandrous_, having 20 (or 12 or more) stamens inserted on the calyx.

_Imberbis_, Latin for beardless.

_Imbricate_, _Imbricated_, _Imbricative_, overlapping one another, like tiles or shingles on a roof, as the bud-scales of Horse-chestnut and Hickory, 27. In aestivation, where some leaves of the calyx or corolla are overlapped on both sides by others, 98.

_Immarginate_, destitute of a rim or border.

_Immersed_, growing wholly under water.

_Impari-pinnate_, pinnate with a single leaflet at the apex, 57.

_Imperfect flowers_, wanting either stamens or pistils, 85.

_Inaequilateral_, unequal-sided, as the leaf of a Begonia.

_Inane_, empty, said of an anther which produces no pollen, &c.

_Inappendiculate_, not appendaged.

_Incanous_, _Incanescent_, hoary with soft white pubescence.

_Incarnate_, flesh-colored.

_Incised_, cut rather deeply and irregularly, 58.

_Included_, enclosed; when the part in question does not project beyond another.

_Incomplete Flower_, wanting calyx or corolla, 86.

_Incrassated_, thickened.

_Incubous_, with tip of one leaf lying flat over the base of the next above.

_Incumbent_, leaning or resting upon; the cotyledons are incumbent when the back of one of them lies against the radicle, 128; the anthers are incumbent when turned or looking inwards.

_Incurved_, gradually curving inwards.

_Indefinite_, not uniform in number, or too numerous to mention (over 12).

_Indefinite_ or _Indeterminate Inflorescence_, 72.

_Indehiscent_, not splitting open; i. e. not dehiscent, 119.

_Indigenous_, native to the country.

_Individuals_, 175.

_Indumentum_, any hairy coating or pubescence.

_Induplicate_, with the edges turned inwards, 97.

_Induviate_, clothed with old and withered parts or _induviae_.

_Indusium_, the shield or covering of a fruit-dot of a Fern, 159.

_Inermis_, Latin for unarmed, not prickly.

_Inferior_, growing below some other organ, 96.

_Infertile_, not producing seed, or pollen, as the case may be.

_Inflated_, turgid and bladdery.

_Inflexed_, bent inwards.

_Inflorescence_, the arrangement of flowers on the stem, 72.

_Infra-axillary_, situated beneath the axil.

_Infundibuliform_ or _Infundibular_, funnel-shaped, 90.

_Innate_ (anther), attached by its base to the very apex of the filament, 101.

_Innovation_, a young shoot, or new growth.

_Insertion_, the place or the mode of attachment of an organ to its support, 95, 99.

_Integer_, entire, not lobed. _Integerrimus_, quite entire, not serrate.

_Intercellular Passages_ or _Spaces_, 131, 143.

_Interfoliaceous_, between the leaves of a pair or whorl.

_Internode_, the part of a stem between two nodes, 13.

_Interpetiolar_, between petioles.

_Interruptedly pinnate_, pinnate with small leaflets intermixed with larger.

_Intine_, inner coat of a pollen grain.

_Intrafoliaceous_ (stipules, &c.), placed between the leaf or petiole and the stem.

_Introrse_, turned or facing inwards; i. e. towards the axis of the flower, 101.

_Intruse_, as it were pushed inwards.

_Inversed_ or _Inverted_, where the apex is in the direction opposite to that of the organ it is compared with.

_Involucel_, a partial or small involucre, 76.

_Involucellate_, furnished with an involucel. _Involucrate_, furnished with an involucre.

_Involucre_, a whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head, &c., 74, 75.

_Involute_, in vernation, 72; rolled inwards from the edges, 97.

_Irregular Flowers_, 86, 91.

_Isos_, Greek for equal in number. _Isomerous_, the same number in the successive circles or sets. _Isostemonous_, the stamens equal in number to the sepals or petals.

_Jointed_, separate or separable at one or more places into pieces, 64, &c.

_Jugum_ (plural _Juga_), Latin for a pair, as of leaflets,--thus _Unijugate_, of a single pair; _Bijugate_, of two pairs, &c.

_Julaceus_, like a catkin or _Julus_.

_Keel_, a projecting ridge on a surface, like the keel of a boat; the two anterior petals of a papilionaceous corolla, 92.

_Keeled_, furnished with a keel or sharp longitudinal ridge.

_Kermesine_, Carmine-red.

_Kernel_ of the ovule and seed, 110.

_Key_, or _Key-fruit_, a Samara, 122.

_Kidney-shaped_, resembling the outline of a kidney, 53.

_Labellum_, the odd petal in the Orchis Family.

_Labiate_, same as _bilabiate_ or two-lipped, 92.

_Labiatiflorous_, having flowers with bilabiate corolla.

_Labium_ (plural, _Labia_), Latin for lip.

_Lacerate_, with margin appearing as if torn.

_Laciniate_, slashed; cut into deep narrow lobes or _Laciniae_.

_Lactescent_, producing milky juice, as does the Milkweed, &c.

_Lacteus_, Latin for milk-white.

_Lacunose_, full of holes or gaps.

_Lacustrine_, belonging to lakes.

_Laevigate_, smooth as if polished. Latin, _Laevis_, smooth, as opposed to rough.

_Lageniform_, gourd-shaped.

_Lagopous_, Latin, hare-footed; densely clothed with long soft hairs.

_Lamellar_ or _Lamellate_, consisting of flat plates, _Lamellae_.

_Lamina_, a plate or blade, the blade of a leaf, &c., 49.

_Lanate_, _Lanose_, woolly; clothed with long and soft entangled hairs.

_Lanceolate_, lance-shaped, 52.

_Lanuginous_, cottony or woolly.

_Latent buds_, concealed or undeveloped buds, 30.

_Lateral_, belonging to the side.

_Latex_, the milky juice, &c., of plants, 135.

_Lax_ (_Laxus_), loose in texture, or sparse; the opposite of crowded.

_Leaf_, 49. _Leaf-buds_, 31.

_Leaflet_, one of the divisions or blades of a compound leaf, 57.

_Leaf-like_, same as _foliaceous_.

_Leathery_, of about the consistence of leather; coriaceous.

_Legume_, a simple pod which dehisces in two pieces, like that of the Pea, 122.

_Leguminous_, belonging to legumes, or to the Leguminous Family.

_Lenticular_, lens-shaped; i. e. flattish and convex on both sides.

_Lappaceous_, bur-like.

_Lasio_, Greek for woolly or hairy, as _Lasianthus_, woolly-flowered.

_Lateritious_, brick-colored.

_Laticiferous_, containing latex, 135.

_Latus_, Latin for broad, as _Latifolius_, broad-leaved.

_Leaf-scar_, _Leaf-stalk_, petiole.

_Lenticels_, lenticular dots on young bark.

_Lentiginose_, as if freckled.

_Lepal_, a made-up word for a staminode.

_Lepis_, Greek for a scale, whence _Lepidote_, leprous; covered with scurfy scales.

_Leptos_, Greek for slender; so _Leptophyllous_, slender-leaved.

_Leukos_, Greek for white; whence _Leucanthous_, white-flowered, &c.

_Liber_, the inner bark of Exogenous stems, 140.

_Lid_, see _operculum_.

_Ligneous_, or _Lignose_, woody in texture.

_Ligulate_, furnished with a ligule, 93.

_Ligule_, _Ligula_, the strap-shaped corolla in many Compositae, 93; the membranous appendage at the summit of the leaf-sheaths of most Grasses, 67.

_Limb_, the border of a corolla, &c., 89.

_Limbate_, bordered (Latin, _Limbus_, a border).

_Line_, the twelfth of an inch; or French lines, the tenth.

_Linear_, narrow and flat, the margins parallel, 52.

_Lineate_, marked with parallel lines. _Lineolate_, marked with minute lines.

_Lingulate_, _Linguiform_, tongue-shaped.

_Lip_, the principal lobes of a bilabiate corolla or calyx, 92.

_Litoral_ or _Littoral_, belonging to the shore.

_Livid_, pale lead-colored.

_Lobe_, any projection or division (especially a rounded one) of a leaf, &c.

_Lobed_ or _Lobate_, cut into lobes, 55, 56; _Lobulate_, into small lobes.

_Locellate_, having _Locelli_, i. e. compartments in a cell: thus an anther-cell is often _bilocellate_.

_Loculament_, same as _loculus_.

_Locular_, relating to the cell or compartment (_Loculus_) of an ovary, &c.

_Loculicidal_ (dehiscence), splitting down through the back of each cell, 123.

_Locusta_, a name for the spikelet of Grasses.

_Lodicule_, one of the scales answering to perianth-leaves in Grass-flowers.

_Loment_, a pod which separates transversely into joints, 122.

_Lomentaceous_, pertaining to or resembling a loment.

_Lorate_, thong-shaped.

_Lunate_, crescent-shaped. _Lunulate_, diminutive of _lunate_.

_Lupuline_, like hops.

_Lusus_, Latin for a sport or abnormal variation.

_Luteolus_, yellowish; diminutive of

_Luteus_, Latin for yellow. _Lutescent_, verging to yellow.

_Lyrate_, lyre-shaped; a pinnatifid leaf of an obovate or spatulate outline, the end-lobe large and roundish, and the lower lobes small, as in fig. 149.

_Macros_, Greek for long, sometimes also used for large: thus _Macrophyllous_, long or large-leaved, &c.

_Macrospore_, the large kind of spore, when there are two kinds, 160, 161.

_Maculate_, spotted or blotched.

_Male_ (flowers or plants), having stamens but no pistil.

_Mammose_, breast-shaped.

_Marcescent_, withering without falling off.

_Marginal_, belonging to margin.

_Marginate_, margined with an edge different from the rest.

_Marginicidal dehiscence_, 123.

_Maritime_, belonging to sea-coasts.

_Marmorate_, marbled.

_Mas._, _Masc._, _Masculine_, male.

_Masked_, see _personate_.

_Mealy_, see _farinaceous_.

_Median_, _Medial_, belonging to the middle.

_Medifixed_, attached by the middle.

_Medullary_, belonging to, or of the nature of, pith (_Medulla_); pithy.

_Medullary Rays_, the silver-grain of wood, 140, 141.

_Medullary Sheath_, a set of ducts just around the pith, 140.

_Meiostemonous_, having fewer stamens than petals.

_Membranaceous_ or _Membranous_, of the texture of membrane; thin and soft.

_Meniscoid_, crescent-shaped.

_Mericarp_, one carpel of the fruit of an Umbelliferous plant, 121.

_Merismatic_, separating into parts by the formation of partitions across.

_Merous_, from the Greek for part; used with numeral prefix to denote the number of pieces in a set or circle: as _Monomerous_, of only one, _Dimerous_, with two, _Trimerous_, with three parts (sepals, petals, stamens, &c.) in each circle.

_Mesocarp_, the middle part of a pericarp, when that is distinguishable into three layers, 120.

_Mesophloeum_, the middle or green bark.

_Micropyle_, the closed orifice of the seed, 110, 126.

_Microspore_, the smaller kind of spore when there are two kinds, 161.

_Midrib_, the middle or main rib of a leaf, 50.

_Milk-vessels_, 135.

_Miniate_, vermilion-colored.

_Mitriform_, mitre-shaped: in the form of a peaked cap, or one cleft at the top.

_Moniliform_, necklace-shaped; a cylindrical body contracted at intervals.

_Monocarpic_ (duration), flowering and seeding but once, 38.

_Monochlamydeous_, having only one floral envelope.

_Monocotyledonous_ (embryo), with only one cotyledon, 24.

_Monocotyledonous Plants_, 24. _Monocotyls_, 24.

_Monoecious_, or _Monoicous_ (flower), having stamens or pistils only, 85.

_Monogynous_ (flower), having only one pistil, or one style, 105.

_Monopetalous_ (flower), with the corolla of one piece, 89.

_Monophyllous_, one-leaved, or of one piece.

_Monos_, Greek for solitary or only one; thus _Monadelphous_, stamens united by their filaments into one set, 99; _Monandrous_ (flower), having only one stamen, 100.

_Monosepalous_, a calyx of one piece; i. e. with the sepals united into one body.

_Monospermous_, one-seeded.

_Monstrosity_, an unnatural deviation from the usual structure or form.

_Morphology_, _Morphological Botany_, 9; the department of botany which treats of the forms which an organ may assume.

_Moschate_, Musk-like in odor.

_Movements_, 149.

_Mucronate_, tipped with an abrupt short point (_Mucro_), 54.

_Mucronulate_, tipped with a minute abrupt point; a diminutive of the last.

_Multi-_, in composition, many; as _Multangular_, many-angled; _Multicipital_, many-headed, &c.; _Multifarious_, in many rows or ranks; _Multifid_, many-cleft; _Multilocular_, many-celled; _Multiserial_, in many rows.

_Multiple Fruits_, 118, 124.

_Muricate_, beset with short and hard or prickly points.

_Muriform_, wall-like; resembling courses of bricks in a wall.

_Muticous_, pointless, blunt, unarmed.

_Mycelium_, the spawn of Fungi; i. e. the filaments from which Mushrooms, &c., originate, 172.

_Naked_, wanting some usual covering, as achlamydeous flowers, 86; gymnospermous seeds, 109, 125, &c.

_Names_ in botany, 179.

_Nanus_, Latin for dwarf.

_Napiform_, turnip-shaped, 35.

_Natural System_, 182.

_Naturalized_, introduced from a foreign country, and flourishing wild.

_Navicular_, boat-shaped, like the glumes of most Grasses.

_Necklace-shaped_, looking like a string of beads; see _moniliform_.

_Nectar_, the sweet secretion in flowers from which bees make honey, &c.

_Nectariferous_, honey-bearing; or having a nectary.

_Nectary_, the old name for petals and other parts of the flower when of unusual shape, especially when honey-bearing. So the hollow spur-shaped petals of Columbine were called nectaries; also the curious long-clawed petals of Monkshood, 87, &c.

_Needle-shaped_, long, slender, and rigid, like the leaves of Pines.

_Nemorose_ or _Nemoral_, inhabiting groves.

_Nerve_, a name for the ribs or veins of leaves when simple and parallel, 50.

_Nerved_, furnished with nerves, or simple and parallel ribs or veins, 50.

_Nervose_, conspicuously nerved. _Nervulose_, minutely nervose.

_Netted-veined_, furnished with branching veins forming network, 50, 51.

_Neuter_, _Neutral_, sexless. _Neutral flower_, 79.

_Niger_, Latin for black. _Nigricans_, Latin for verging to black.

_Nitid_, shining.

_Nival_, living in or near snow. _Niveus_, snow-white.

_Nodding_, bending so that the summit hangs downward.

_Node_, a knot; the "joints" of a stem, or the part whence a leaf or a pair of leaves springs, 13.

_Nodose_, knotty or knobby. _Nodulose_, furnished with little knobs or knots.

_Nomenclature_, 175, 179.

_Normal_, according to rule, natural.

_Notate_, marked with spots or lines of a different color.

_Nucamentaceous_, relating to or resembling a small nut.

_Nuciform_, nut-shaped or nut-like.

_Nucleus_, the kernel of an ovule (110) or seed (127) of a cell.

_Nucule_, same as nutlet.

_Nude_, (Latin, _Nudus_), naked. So _Nudicaulis_, naked-stemmed, &c.

_Nut_, Latin _Nux_, a hard, mostly one-seeded indehiscent fruit; as a chestnut, butternut, acorn, 121.

_Nutant_, nodding.

_Nutlet_, a little nut; or the stone of a drupe.

_Ob-_ (meaning over against), when prefixed to words signifies inversion; as, _Obcompressed_, flattened the opposite of the usual way; _Obcordate_, heart-shaped, with the broad and notched end at the apex instead of the base, 54; _Oblanceolate_, lance-shaped with the tapering point downwards, 52.

_Oblique_, applied to leaves, &c., means unequal-sided.

_Oblong_, from two to four times as long as broad, 52.

_Obovate_, inversely ovate, the broad end upward, 53. _Obovoid_, solid obovate.

_Obtuse_, blunt or round at the end, 54.

_Obverse_, same as _inverse_.

_Obvolute_ (in the bud), when the margins of one piece or leaf alternately overlap those of the opposite one.

_Ocellate_, with a circular colored patch, like an eye.

_Ochroleucous_, yellowish-white; dull cream-color.

_Ocreate_, furnished with _Ocreae_ (boots), or stipules in the form of sheaths, 67.

_Octo-_, Latin for eight, enters into the composition of _Octagynous_, with eight pistils or styles; _Octamerous_, its parts in eights; _Octandrous_, with eight stamens, &c.

_Oculate_, with eye-shaped marking.

_Officinal_, used in medicine, therefore kept in the shops.

_Offset_, short branches next the ground which take root, 40.

_Oides_, termination, from the Greek, to denote likeness; so _Dianthoides_, Pink-like.

_Oleraceous_, esculent, as a pot-herb.

_Oligos_, Greek for few; thus _Oliganthous_, few-flowered, &c.

_Olivaceous_, olive-green.

_Oophoridium_, a name for spore-case containing macrospores.

_Opaque_, applied to a surface, means dull, not shining.

_Operculate_, furnished with a lid (_Operculum_), as the spore-case of Mosses, 163.

_Opposite_, said of leaves and branches when on opposite sides of the stem from each other (i. e. in pairs), 29, 68. Stamens are opposite the petals, &c., when they stand before them.

_Oppositifolius_, situated opposite a leaf.

_Orbicular_, _Orbiculate_, circular in outline, or nearly so, 52.

_Order_, group below class, 178. _Ordinal names_, 180.