Part 36
[67] [_Man hatte im Staate "die ungleiche Person angesehen,"_ there had been "respect of unequal persons" in the State.]
[68] [_Gewalt_, a word which is also commonly used like the English "violence," denoting especially unlawful violence.]
[69] [_Vorrechte_]
[70] [_Rechte_]
[71] 1 Corinthians 8.4.
[72] "_Ein und zwanzig Bogen_," p. 12.
[73] Louis Blanc says ("_Histoire des Dix Ans_," I, p. 138) of the time of the Restoration: "_Le protestantisme devint le fond des idées et des moeurs._"
[74] [_Sache_, which commonly means _thing_.]
[75] [_Sache_]
[76] [Or "righteous." German _rechtlich_.]
[77] [_gerecht_]
[78] [_das Geld gibt Geltung._]
[79] [_ausgebeutet_]
[80] [_Kriegsbeute_]
[81] [In German an exact quotation of Luke 10.7.]
[82] Proudhon ("_Création de l'Ordre_") cries out, _e. g._, p. 414, "In industry, as in science, the publication of an invention is the first and _most sacred of duties_!"
[83] [In his strictures on "criticism" Stirner refers to a special movement known by that name in the early forties of the last century, of which Bruno Bauer was the principal exponent. After his official separation from the faculty of the university of Bonn on account of his views in regard to the Bible, Bruno Bauer in 1843 settled near Berlin and founded the _Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung_, in which he and his friends, at war with their surroundings, championed the "absolute emancipation" of the individual within the limits of "pure humanity" and fought as their foe "the mass," comprehending in that term the radical aspirations of political liberalism and the communistic demands of the rising Socialist movement of that time. For a brief account of Bruno Bauer's movement of criticism, see John Henry Mackay, "_Max Stirner_. _Sein Leben und sein Werk._"]
[84] Br. Bauer. "_Lit. Ztg._" V. 18.
[85] "_Lit. Ztg._" V. 26.
[86] [_Eigentum_, "owndom."]
[87] [_Eigenwille_, "own-will."]
[88] [Referring to minute subdivision of labor, whereby the single workman produces, not a whole, but a part.]
[89] "_Lit. Ztg._" V. 24.
[90] "_Lit. Ztg._" _ibid._
[91] ["_einziger_"]
[92] [_Einzigkeit_]
[93] Bruno Bauer, "_Judenfrage_," p. 66.
[94] Bruno Bauer, "_Die gute Sache der Freiheit_," pp. 62-63.
[95] Bruno Bauer, "_Judenfrage_," p. 60.
[96] [_Einzige_]
[97] [_einzig_]
[98] [It should be remembered that to be an _Unmensch_ ("un-man") one must be a man. The word means an inhuman or unhuman man, a man who is not man. A tiger, an avalanche, a drought, a cabbage, is not an un-man.]
[99] "_Lit. Ztg._" V. 23; as comment, V. 12 ff.
[100] "_Lit. Ztg._" V. 15.
[101] [_Rechthaberei_, literally the character of always insisting on making one's self out to be in the right.]
[102] [_einzig_]
[103] [_des Einzigen_]
[104] [This is a literal translation of the German word _Eigenheit_, which, with its primitive _eigen_, "own," is used in this chapter in a way that the German dictionaries do not quite recognize. The author's conception being new, he had to make an innovation in the German language to express it. The translator is under the like necessity. In most passages "self-ownership," or else "personality," would translate the word, but there are some where the thought is so _eigen_, that is, so peculiar or so thoroughly the author's _own_, that no English word I can think of would express it. It will explain itself to one who has read Part First intelligently.]
[105] [_Eigenheit_]
[106] Rom. 6. 18.
[107] 1 Pet. 2. 16.
[108] James 2. 12.
[109] [See note, p. 112.]
[110] [Meaning "German." Written in this form because of the censorship.]
[111] [_Einzige_].
[112] [I take _Entbehrung_, "destitution," to be a misprint for _Entehrung_.]
[113] [_Eigennutz_, literally "own-use."]
[114] [_Einzigen_]
[115] Rom. 8. 14.
[116] Cf. 1 John 3. 10 with Rom. 8. 16.
[117] [_Eigenschaften_]
[118] [_Eigentum_]
[119] _E. g._ Marx in the "_Deutsch-franzoesische Jahrbuecher_," p. 197.
[120] Br. Bauer, "_Judenfrage_," p. 61.
[121] Hess, "_Triarchie_," p. 76.
[122] [_Vorrecht_, literally "precedent right."]
[123] [_Eigenschaft_]
[124] [_Eigentum_]
[125] "Essence of Christianity," 2d ed., p. 401.
[126] [_bestimmt_]
[127] [_Bestimmung_]
[128] Mark 3. 29.
[129] [This word has also, in German, the meaning of "common law," and will sometimes be translated "law" in the following paragraphs.]
[130] Cf. "_Die Kommunisten in der Schweiz_," committee report, p. 3.
[131] [_Rechtsstreit_, a word which usually means "lawsuit."]
[132] [A common German phrase for "it suits me."]
[133] A. Becker, "_Volksphilosophie_," p. 22 f.
[134] [Mephistopheles in "Faust."]
[135] "I beg you, spare my lungs! He who insists on proving himself right, if he but has one of these things called tongues, can hold his own in all the world's despite!" [Faust's words to Mephistopheles, slightly misquoted.--For _Rechthaberei_ see note on p. 185.]
[136] [_Gesetz_, statute; no longer the same German word as "right."]
[137] [_Verbrechen_]
[138] [_brechen_]
[139] "This Book Belongs to the King," p. 376.
[140] P. 376.
[141] P. 374.
[142] [An unnatural mother]
[143] P. 381.
[144] P. 385.
[145] [_Gerechte_]
[146] [_macht Alles huebsch gerecht_]
[147] [_Einzige_]
[148] See "Political Speeches," 10, p. 153.
[149] [Literally, "precedent right."]
[150] [_Spannung_]
[151] [_gespannt_]
[152] [_spannen_]
[153] [_einzig_]
[154] [_Einzigkeit_]
[155] [_Volk_; but the etymological remark following applies equally to the English word "people." See Liddell & Scott's Greek lexicon, under _pimplemi_.]
[156] [_kuschen_, a word whose only use is in ordering dogs to keep quiet.]
[157] [This is the word for "of age"; but it is derived from _Mund_, "mouth," and refers properly to the right of speaking through one's own _mouth_, not by a guardian.]
[158] ["occupy"; literally, "have within"]
[159] [The word _Genosse_, "companion," signifies originally a companion in _enjoyment_.]
[160] [This word in German does not mean religion, but, as in Latin, faithfulness to family ties--as we speak of "filial piety." But the word elsewhere translated "pious" (_fromm_) means "religious," as usually in English.]
[161] [It should be remembered that the words "establish" and "State" are both derived from the root "stand."]
[162] [_huldigen_]
[163] [_Huld_]
[164] What was said in the concluding remarks after Humane Liberalism holds good of the following,--to wit, that it was likewise written immediately after the appearance of the book cited.
[165] [In the philosophical sense (a thinking and acting being), not in the political sense.]
[166] ["_Création de l'Ordre_," p. 485.]
[167] ["_Koelner Dom_," p. 4.]
[168] [_einzig_]
[169] [_am Einzigen_]
[170] [_Einzigen_]
[171] [_heilig_]
[172] [_unheilig_]
[173] [_Heiliger_]
[174] B. Bauer. "_Lit. Ztg._" 8.22.
[175] "_E. u. Z. B._," p. 89 ff.
[176] [_Einzigkeit_]
[177] [See note on p. 184.]
[178] [The words "cot" and "dung" are alike in German.]
[179] _E. g._, "_Qu'est-ce que la Propriété?_" p. 83.
[180] [_Einzige_]
[181] [A German idiom for "take upon myself," "assume."]
[182] [Apparently some benevolent scheme of the day; compare note on p. 343.]
[183] In a registration bill for Ireland the government made the proposal to let those be electors who pay £5 sterling of poor-rates. He who gives alms, therefore, acquires political rights, or elsewhere becomes a swan-knight. [See p. 342.]
[184] Minister Stein used this expression about Count von Reisach, when he cold-bloodedly left the latter at the mercy of the Bavarian government because to him, as he said, "a government like Bavaria must be worth more than a simple individual." Reisach had written against Montgelas at Stein's bidding, and Stein later agreed to the giving up of Reisach, which was demanded by Montgelas on account of this very book. See Hinrichs, "_Politische Vorlesungen_," I, 280.
[185] In colleges and universities, etc., poor men compete with rich. But they are able to do so in most cases only through scholarships, which--a significant point almost all come down to us from a time when free competition was still far from being a controlling principle. The principle of competition founds no scholarship, but says, Help yourself, _i. e._ provide yourself the means. What the State gives for such purposes it pays out from interested motives, to educate "servants" for itself.
[186] [_preisgeben_]
[187] [_Preis_]
[188] [_Preis_]
[189] [_Geld_]
[190] [_gelten_]
[191] [Equivalent in ordinary German use to our "possessed of a competence."]
[192] [_Einzige_]
[193] [Literally, "given."]
[194] [A German phrase for sharpers.]
[195] [Literally, "unhomely."]
[196] II, p. 91 ff. (See my note above.)
[197] Athanasius.
[198] [_Wesen_]
[199] [_Wesen_]
[200] Feuerbach, "Essence of Chr.," 394.
[201] [_gebrauche_]
[202] [_brauche_]
[203] [_Verein_]
[204] [_Vereinigung_]
[205] [_Muthlosigkeit_]
[206] [_Demuth_]
[207] [_Muth_]
[208] [Literally, "love-services."]
[209] [Literally, "own-benefit."]
[210] [Literally, furnishes me with a _right_.]
[211] [_Empoerung_]
[212] [_sich auf-oder emporzurichten_]
[213] To secure myself against a criminal charge I superfluously make the express remark that I choose the word "insurrection" on account of its _etymological sense_, and therefore am not using it in the limited sense which is disallowed by the penal code.
[214] 1 Cor. 15. 26.
[215] 2 Tim. 1. 10.
[216] [See the next to the last scene of the tragedy:
ODOARDO. Under the pretext of a judicial investigation he tears you out of our arms and takes you to Grimaldi....
EMILIA. Give me that dagger, father, me!...
ODOARDO. No, no! Reflect--You too have only one life to lose.
EMILIA. And only one innocence!
ODOARDO. Which is above the reach of any violence.--
EMILIA. But not above the reach of any seduction.--Violence! violence! who cannot defy violence? What is called violence is nothing; seduction is the true violence.--I have blood, father; blood as youthful and warm as anybody's. My senses are senses.--I can warrant nothing. I am sure of nothing. I know Grimaldi's house. It is the house of pleasure. An hour there, under my mother's eyes--and there arose in my soul so much tumult as the strictest exercises of religion could hardly quiet in weeks.--Religion! And what religion?--To escape nothing worse, thousands sprang into the water and are saints.--Give me that dagger, father, give it to me....
EMILIA. Once indeed there was a father who, to save his daughter from shame, drove into her heart whatever steel he could quickest find--gave life to her for the second time. But all such deeds are of the past! Of such fathers there are no more!
ODOARDO. Yes, daughter, yes! (_Stabs her._)
[217] [Or, "_regulate_" (_richten_)]
[218] [_richten_]
[219] "_Der Kommunismus in der Schweiz_," p. 24.
[220] _Ibid._ p. 63.
[221] [Cf. note p. 81.]
[222] [_Geistigkeit_]
[223] [_Geistlichkeit_]
[224] Rom. 1. 25.
[225] [_das Meinige_]
[226] [_die_--"_Meinung_"]
[227] P. 47 ff.
[228] Chamber of peers, Apr. 25, 1844.
[229] "_Anecdota_," 1. 120.
[230] "_Anecdota_," 1. 127.
[231] [_vernehmbar_]
[232] [_Vernunft_]
[233] [Literally "thought-rid."]
[234] [_Sache_]
[235] [_Sache_]
[236] 1 Thess. 5. 21.
[237] [_Andacht_, a compound form of the word "thought."]
[238] [See note on p. 112.]
[239] [_Einzige_]
[240] [_eigen_]
[241] [_geeignet_]
[242] [_Stell' Ich auf Mich meine Sache._ Literally, "if I set my affair on myself."]
[243] ["_Ich hab' Mein' Sach' auf Nichts gestellt._" Literally, "I have set my affair on nothing." See note on p. 3.]
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