CHAPTER VII PUNISHMENT

The universal cure-all--The public and the advertising healer--The essence of all quackery--The quackery of punishment--Rational treatment--Justice not bad temper-- Retribution--Our fathers and ourselves--Their methods not necessarily suitable to our time--Capital punishment--The incurable and the incorrigible--Objections to capital punishment apply in degree to all punishment--The "cat"-- The executioner and the surgeon--Whipping and its effect--The flogged offender--The act and the intention-- Pain and vitality--Unequal effects of punishment--Fines and their burden--Who is punished most?--Punishment and expiation--Punishment and deterrence--Social opinion the real deterrent--Vicious social circles--Respect for the law--Prevention of crime 161-185