The Commune of London, and other studies

I have to thank you for kindly letting me see the advance proofs of your new book. It is difficult for me to explain the very great advantage which the study of your books has b...

And now let us pass from the extreme west to the extreme east of the county. Here, instead of a group of _tons_ with a notable absence of _hams_, we find a most remarkable group...

As yet I have been dealing with those ‘clan names’ in which the presence of the _ing_ is genuine; and I have been urging that it is not _proof_, as alleged, of settlement by a c...

Albert’s Lotharingian origin becomes of special interest now that we know he was a cleric, for Mr. Freeman devoted a special appendix to “Lotharingian churchmen under Edward.”[6...

The barons promptly stormed the ‘outer bailey’ of the castle (April 19),[117] and strove desperately to gain the keep, till, a week later, they fled suddenly at the news of the...

It is distinctly asserted, in the above passage, that the ‘firma comitatus’ only dated from this reform under Henry I.[156] This is at variance with the strong evidence set fort...

It would seem probable that such charters were already kept in the Treasury, for reference, under Henry I., though not as yet enrolled. For a writ of the latter king, addressed...

As a matter of fact several of the fifteen citizens can, from records, be identified and traced, if only we reject, at the outset, the whole of the wild confusion into which Mr....

We may safely recognise in the grantor that “Fulcoius qui fuit vicecomes” of the 1130 Pipe Roll[305] (p. 44), who had, in 1129, preceded Richard Basset and Aubrey de Ver as sher...

It is not, however, for the Conquest only that this knowledge of the true state of Ireland ought to be acquired. The light it throws on the Irish people, their inherited and unc...

Mr. Orpen aptly quotes the case of the dying Roland, when ‘por ses pechiez Dieu porofrit lo guant,’ and refers us to ‘vadium in duello,’ and ‘plicare vadia’ in Du Cange. But the...

Deeper still, however, lay the root of the trouble. The Normans had found England a kingdom ready made, its people accustomed to governance and recognising the reign of law. Com...

(_C_) That the Pope in reply, according to Gerald, sent a “privilegium” empowering Henry to rule the Irish, and reform their ecclesiastical condition,[395] but, according to the...

The original authority is that of the writer formerly described as “Benedictus abbas,” but now virtually known to have been Richard ‘Fitz Nigel,’[423] who was not only a contemp...

On the other hand, the earlier part of this paper does, I hope, demonstrate that the accepted view of the order of events in the year 1191 must be altogether abandoned. This, of...

It follows from this that when the citizens paid John £2,000 “pro habendo confirmationem Regis de libertatibus suis,” they did not obtain, as I had gathered from his charter, fo...

But I would urge that not even the mention of a true _commune_ (“communia”) in a charter proves the adoption of the “Établissements” at the time. For Henry’s grant of a “communi...

Comes Albemarlie j militem et Comes Albemarlie tenet dimidium in Severnestoke, pro Savernestokede dono regis Ricardi qua et Kenemertone et Botintone per servicium j militis et i...

As difficult a subject as ‘Scutage,’ and one on which less has been written, the origin and character of “cornage” are problems as yet unsolved. The brilliant pen of Professor M...

From the numbers of the forces I now pass to their disposition on the field. With each of his successive narratives of the battle Mr. Oman has given us a special--and different-...

The transition, in the marshal’s style, is interesting enough. First we have “the Marshal,” or rather “the Master Marshal”; then “the Marshal of England,” as a more high-soundin...

Stubbs, Dr., 16, 38, 60, 62, 64, 65, 95, 104, 110, 111, 113, 119, 125, 126, 129, 155, 201, 202, 207–211, 213, 215, 220, 224, 225–226, 230, 290, 302, 307, 308, 318, 320.

[39] ‘Wihtmund minister’ is found in 938 (Earle’s ‘Land Charters,’ p. 326), and ‘Widmundesfelt’ in the earliest extant Essex charter (Ib. p. 13). It is, therefore, amazing that...

[279] Another writ of Stephen (date uncertain) similarly recognises his position:--“Stephanus dei gratia Rex Anglie Osberto Octod[enarii] et Adel (_sic_) et civibus et vic[ecomi...

“‘Præcipimus vobis quod capiatis ... et scire faciatis distincte in crastino Sancti Johannis Baptistæ anno regni nostri xiv baronibus nostris de scaccario ubi fuerint redditus i...