Part 98

+-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ |=A. D.=| =Poland, | =Scandinavia | =Ottoman Empire| =China, Japan, | | | Prussia, | and Russia= | and Persia= | India= | | | Hungary, | | | | | | Bohemia= | | | | +-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ | =1500=| | | | | | | |1502. Destruc- |1502. Persia: | | | | |tion of the |Ismail Shah Sufi| | | | |Golden Horde and|makes himself | | | | |end of Mongol |sole sovereign | | | | |power in Russia.|of Persia. | | | | | | | | | | | |1505. War with | | | | | |Persia. | | | |1506. Poland: | | |1506. China: | | |Sigismund I., | |1512. Selim I. |Portuguese, | | |the Great. | |dethrones and |first Europeans | | | | |puts to death |in China. | | | | |his father. | | | | | | | | | | | |1514. Persians | | | | | |defeated; | | | | | |Kurdistan added | | | | | |to the empire. | | | | | | | | | | | |1516. Cairo | | | | | |taken. | | | | | | | | | | |1520. Christian |1520. Soliman | | | | |II. of Denmark |the Magnificent,| | | | |invades Sweden |Sultan. | | | | |and overthrows | | | | | |Sten Sture. |1521. Belgrade | | | | | |taken. | | | | |1523. Sweden: | | | | =1525=|1525. Albert, |Revolt under | | | | |Grand-master of |GUSTAVUS VASA. |1526. Invasion |1526. India: | | |Teutonic Order |The Danes expel-|of Hungary. |Baber founds the| | |makes East Prus-|led. Union of | |Mogul dynasty at| | |sia a secular |Calmar dis- |1529. Invasion |Delhi. | | |possession. |solved. Denmark |of Austria. | | | | |and Norway: |Siege of Vienna.| | | | |Frederick I. | | | | | | | | | | | |1530. Russia: | | | | | |IVAN IV., the | | | | | |Terrible. | | | | | | | | | | | |1533. Norway and| | | | | |Denmark: |1535. Barbarossa| | | | |Christian III. |seizes Tunis. | | | | | | | | | | | |1547. Turks in- | | | | | |vade Persia. | | | =1550=| | | | | | | | |1551. Tripoli | | | | | |taken. | | | | | | | | | | | |1552. Invasion | | | | | |of Hungary. |1556. India: | | | | | |AKBAR becomes | | | |1559. Denmark |1559. Military |Mogul emperor, a| | | |and Norway: |power of the |patron of | | | |Frederick II. |Turks at its |science and li- | | | | |greatest height |terature. _Mogul| | | |_Tycho Brahe_ |under Soliman. |Empire at its | | | | (1546-1601).| |greatest | | | | | |splendor._ | | |1569. Poland and| | | | | |Lithuania united| |1570. War with | | | |by the Diet of | |Venice. | | | |Lublin. | | | | | | | | | | | | |1571. Russia de-|1571. Battle of | | | | |vastated by the |Lepanto. |1573. Japan: | | =1575=|1575. Poland: |Tartars, and | |Fall of the | | |Stephen Bathori |Moscow burned. | |Ashikaga | | |chosen king; he | | |shoguns; | | |strengthens the | | |Nobunaga | | |Jesuits. | | |supreme. | | | | | | | | |1578. Alliance of Sweden and | | | | |Poland against Russia. | | | | | | | | | | |1587. Poland: | | | | | |Sigismund III., |1588. Denmark: | | | | |King. |Christian IV. |1589. Revolt of | | | | | |the Janisaries. | | | | |1592. Sweden: | | | | | |Sigismund III., |1595. Power in | | | |_RUBENS_ (1577- |of Poland, suc- |Hungary de- | | | |1640). |ceeds to the |clines; revolt | | | | |Swedish crown. |of Wallachia. | | | =1600=| | | | | | | | | |1603. Japan: | | | | | |Tokugawa Iyeyasu| | | | | |makes himself | | | | | |shogun: his de- | | | | | |scendants retain| | | | | |power till 1868.| | | | | | | | | | | |1605. India: | | | |1611. Sweden: | |Jehangir, Mogul,| | | |GUSTAVUS | |Emperor. | | | |ADOLPHUS, King. | | | | | |War with Den- | | | | | |mark. | | | | | |OXENSTIERN, | | | | | |Minister. | | | | | | | | | | | |1613. Russia: | | | | | |MICHAEL | | | | | |ROMANOFF, Czar, | | | | | |founder of the | | | | | |present ruling | | | | | |line. | | | | | | | | | | | |1616. _Sweden | | | | | |dominates the | | | | | |North._ | | | | +----------------+----------------+ | | | | 1618-1648. THIRTY YEARS WAR | | | | +----------------+----------------+ | | | =1625=| | | | | | | | |WAR WITH AUSTRIA| | | |1632. War with |1632. Sweden: |1682-1699. | | | |Russia. Poles |CHRISTINA, | | | | |advance to |Queen; |1634. Murad in- | | | |Moscow. |OXENSTIERN, |vades Persia. | | | | |Regent. | | | | | | |1637. Troubles | | | |1640. FREDERICK | |on the Tartar | | | |WILLIAM of | |frontier. Bagdad|1644. China: Es-| | |Prussia. | |taken by the |tablishment of | | | | |Turks. |the Manchu | | | | | |dynasty. | | | | |1645. War with | | | | | |Venice. | | | |1648. PEACE OF WESTPHALIA, THE | | | | |BASIS OF ALL SUBSEQUENT TREATIES;| | | | |SIGNED AT MUNSTER. | | | | | | | | | |_At this time begins the policy | | | | |of the “Balance of Power” in | | | | |Europe._ | | | +-------+---------------------------------+----------------+----------------+

XII. FROM THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA TO THE CLOSE OF AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1648-1783 A. D.

GREAT EVENTS OF PERIOD. 1600-1700: Civil and religious liberty fought out in England under the Stuarts. Rise of modern science and philosophy. 1700-1800: Astounding growth of the British Empire. Government in England now and henceforth carried on by a Cabinet Ministry. Development of manufactures in England. Inventions and discoveries. Immense advance in arts and sciences. INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION which powerfully influences social, political and intellectual progress for the next hundred years.