Part 104

+-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ |=A. D.=| =Germany= | =Prussia and | =Russia= | =Ottomans, | | | | Poland= | | China, India, | | | | | | Japan= | +-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ | |_SCHILLER_ |1786. Prussia: | | | | |(1759-1805). |Death of |1787. War with |1787. Disastrous| | | |Frederick the |the Turks. |war with Austria| | |1792. War with |Great. Frederick| |and Russia. | | |France. |William II. | | | | | | | | | | |1793. FIRST COALITION AGAINST FRANCE: DIRECTED BY | | | |ENGLAND, _which forms alliances with Russia, | | | |Sardinia, Spain, Naples, Prussia, Austria, | | | |Portugal and Tuscany; all Europe except Sweden, | | | |Denmark and Turkey._ | | | | | | | | | | |1793. Second | | | | | |partition of | | | | |_GOETHE_ (1749- |Poland by Russia| | | | |1832). |and Prussia. | | | | | | | | | | | |1794. Polish re-| | | | | |volt at Cracow. | | | | | |Revolt under | | | | | |Kosciuszko. | | | | | | | | | | | |1795. Final | | | | | |partition of |1796. Unsuccess-| | | |1797. Napoleon’s|Poland; extinc- |ful war with | | | |Austrian cam- |tion of the |Persia. | | | |paign. Peace of |kingdom. | | | | |Campo Formio in | | | | | |which Austria | | | | | |cedes Belgium | | | | | |and Lombardy re-| | | | | |ceiving Venetia.| | | | | | | | | | | |1798. SECOND COALITION AGAINST FRANCE: _Alliances of England with | | |Russia, Naples, Sicily, Turkey and Austria--Prussia, Holland and | | |Belgium, neutral._ | | | | | | | | | |1798. Prussia: | |1798. War with | | | |Frederick | |the French in | | | |William III. | |Egypt. | | =1800=| | | | | | | |1801. ALEXANDER | | | | |1803. =End of |I. | |1803. Insurrec- | | |the Holy Roman | | |tion of | | |Empire.= | | |Mamelukes at | | |FRANCES II. | | |Cairo. | | | | | | | | | | | |1803. India: | | |1804. The | |1804. War with |Great Mahratta | | |Emperor of | |Persia. |War. | | |Germany assumes | | | | | |the title of | | | | | |Emperor of | | | | | |Austria. | | | | | | | | | | | | =Confederation of the Rhine.= | | | | |Prussia henceforth the center of | | | | |the German federate system. | | | | | | | | | | |_HEGEL_ (1770- | | | | | |1831). | | | | | |1805. THIRD COALITION AGAINST FRANCE: _formed by | | | |England; alliances with Sweden, Russia and Austria| | | |--Prussia unfortunately neutral._ | | | | | | | |1805. Battle of Austerlitz. | | | | | | | |NAPOLEON PROTECTOR OF THE CONFEDERATION OF THE | | | |RHINE. | | | | | | | |1806. FOURTH COALITION AGAINST FRANCE: _England, | | | |Russia, Prussia, Saxony and Sweden._ | | | | | | | | | |1807. Victories | |1807. Treaty of |1807. War | | |of Eylau and of | |Tilsit. |against Russia | | |Friedland are | | |and England. | | |followed by the | | | | | |peace of Tilsit | | | | | |in which Prussia| | | | | |loses her Polish| | | | | |territories. | | | | | | | | | | | |_BEETHOVEN_ | | | | | |(1770-1827). | | | | | | | | | | | |1809. Battles of| | | | | |Eckmühl, Aspern |1812. The Poles |1812. Russian | | | |and Wagram. |declared a |campaign. Inva- | | | |Peace of Vienna.|nation by |sion of | | | |Austria cedes |Napoleon. Diet |Napoleon. Moscow| | | |territory to |of Warsaw. |burned. | | | |Russia, Bavaria | | | | | |and France. | | | | | | | | | | | |_A. VON | | | | | |HUMBOLDT_ (1769-| | | | | |1859). | | | | | | | | | | | |1813. SIXTH GREAT COALITION AGAINST FRANCE AND | | | |GENERAL INSURRECTION OF THE NATIONS OF EUROPE | | | |AGAINST FRENCH DOMINION: _England, Russia, | | | |Prussia, Sweden and Austria after the Congress of | | | |Prague, with 800,000 men; against France, Italy, | | | |the Confederation of the Rhine and Denmark, with | | | |about 400,000 men._ | | | | | | | | | |1813. War of | | |1813. Servia in-| | |German indepen- | | |vaded by Turkish| | |dence. Battle of| | |army. | | |Leipsic. | | | | | |Bonaparte driven| | |1814. Malta | | |to the Rhine. | | |falls to | | | | | |England. | | |1815. =Congress | |1815. Joins the | | | |of Vienna ef- | |“Holy Alliance”:| | | |fects the poli- | |Russia, Prussia | | | |tical recon- | |and Austria, | | | |struction of | |later joined by | | | |Europe.= | |France. Poland | | | |Germanic Con- | |united to | | | |federation | |Russia. | | | |organized. | | | | | | | | | | | |1817. Population| | | | | |28,000,000. | | | | | | | | | | | |1818. Napoleon’s|1818. The | | | | |son made Duke of|=Zollverein= | | | | |Reichstadt. |formed. | | | | | | | | | | |METTERNICH |1819. Death of |1819. Establish-| | | |(1773-1859). |Marshal Blucher.|ment of military| | | | | |colonies. Liber-| | | | | |ty of the press | | | | | |in Poland nulli-| | | | | |fied. | | | | | | | | | |1821-1829. WAR OF GRECIAN INDEPENDENCE. GREEKS, AIDED BY ENGLAND, | | |RUSSIA, AND FRANCE VS. TURKS. 1821-1829. | | | | | | | | |1821. Congress | | | | | |of monarchs at | | |1822. Greek | | |Laybach. | | |declaration of | | | | | |independence. | | | | | |Massacre of Scio| | | | | |and capture of | | | | | |Acropolis of | | | | | |Athens by | | | | | |patriots. | | =1825=| | | | | | | | |1826. NICHOLAS |1826. Greece: | | | | |I. crowned at |Missolonghi and | | | | |Moscow. War |Athens (1827) | | | | |against Persia. |taken by the | | | | | |Turks. | | | | | | | | | | |1828. Russia: War declared | | |1829-1834. Prussia, Bavaria, and |against Turkey. By the peace of | | |finally all Germany, save |Turkmantchai, Persian Armenia is | | |Austria, unite in a Zollverein or|acquired. | | |Customs-Union, which gave great | | | | |impetus to trade and helped to- | | | | |wards national unity. | | | | | | | | | | |1831. Austria | | | | | |interferes in |1832. Poland |1832. Kingdom of| | | |Italian affairs.|made part of |Greece founded. | | | | |Empire. | | | | |1836. Visit of | | | | | |the Emperor of | | | | | |Russia. | | | | | |Ferdinand I., | | | | | |Emperor. | | | | | | | | | | | |1838. Commercial| |1838. Smuggling | | | |treaty with En- | |carried on ex- |1839-1842. | | |gland. |1840. Frederick |tensively. |China: Opium War| | | |William, King. | |with Great | | |_RICHARD WAGNER_| | |Britain. Hong | | |1813-1883. | | |Kong ceded to | | | | | |latter. | | | | | | | | | | | |1843. Greece: | | | | | |King Otho com- | | | | | |pelled to accept| | | | | |constitution, | | | | | |Sept. 15. | | | | | | | | | | | |1844. China: | | | | |1845. Emperor |Commercial | | |1847. Austria | |visits England. |treaty with | | |takes possession| | |United States. | | |of Cracow. | | | | | | | | | | | |1848. Revolution|1848. Insurrec- | | | | |in Hungary. |tion in Berlin. | | | | |FRANCIS JOSEPH, | | | | | |Emperor. Kossuth| | | | | |withdraws his | | | | | |army from | | | | | |Vienna. | | | | +-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+

XIV. FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SECOND FRENCH REPUBLIC TO THE FOUNDING OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE, 1848-1871 A. D.

GREAT EVENTS OF PERIOD. Continued rapid advancement of science, inventions and discoveries. Increased philanthropic effort and intellectual enlightenment. Unification of Italy. Commercial treaties with China and Japan. American Civil War. Union of Austria and Hungary. Franco-Prussian War. Establishment of the German Empire.