Part 101

+-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ |=A. D.=| =Germany= | =Prussia and | =Russia= | =Ottomans, | | | | Poland= | | India, Japan, | | | | | | China= | +-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ | | |1648. Poland: | | | | | |The Cossacks re-| | | | | |volt and defeat | | | | | |the Poles. John | | | | | |Casimir, King. | | | | =1650=| | | | | | | |1653. Poland: | | | | | |War with Russia.|1654. Russian | | | | | |victories in | | | | |1656. The |Poland. | | | | |Elector of Bran-| | | | | |denburg allies | | | | | |himself with | | | | | |Sweden against | | | | | |Poland. | | | | | | | | | | |1657. Leopold |1657. Poland | |1657. Alliance | | |I., Emperor. |cedes Prussia to| |with Sweden | | | |the Elector. | |against Poland. | | | | | | | | | | | |1661. War with | | | | | |Austria. | | | | | | | | | | | |1662. Invasion | | | | | |of Hungary. | | | | | | | | | | | |1664. India: | | |1665. Tyrol | | |Rise of the | | |united to | |1671. The Cos- |Mahratta power. | | |Austria. | |sacks sub- |Sivaji takes and| | | | |jugated. |sacks Surat. | | | | | | | | |1672. The | | |1672. Invasion | | |Emperor and | | |of Poland. | | |Elector of Bran-| | | | | |denburg ally | | | | | |themselves with | | | | | |Holland against | | | | | |France. | | | | | | | | | | | |1673. War of | | | | | |Austria and |1674. Sobieski, | | | | |France. |King of Poland. | | | | =1675=| | | | | | |1676. General | | | | | |revolt of the | | |1678. First war | | |Hungarians. | | |with Russia. | | | | | | | | |_LEIBNITZ_ | | | | | |(1646-1716). | | | | | | | | | | | |1680. Greater | | | | | |part of Alsace | |1682. Ivan and |1682. War with | | |seized by | |Peter, Czars. |Austria. | | |France. | | | | | | | | | | | |1683. Siege of | | | | | |Vienna by the | | | | | |Turks. | | | | | | | | | | | |1686. Buda taken| | |1686. Russia de-| | |after being held| | |clares war. | | |by the Turks one| | | | | |hundred and | | |1686. India: The| | |forty-five | | |Dekkan conquered| | |years. | | |by Aurungzeb. | | | | | | | | |1687. Joseph I.,| | |1687. Revolution| | |King of Hungary.| |1688. Prussia: |in Constanti- | | | | |Frederick III. |nople. Solyman | | | | | |II., Sultan. | | | | | | | | | | |1689. Russia: |1689. First | | |1690. Joseph I. | |PETER THE GREAT |trade with | | |elected King of | |begins personal |China. | | |the Romans. | |rule after over-| | | | | |throwing his |India: Height of| | | | |sister Sophia |the Mogul power | | | | |and repressing |under Aurungzeb.| | | | |the Streltsi. | | | | | | |China: Great in-| | | | |1692. First |fluence of | | | |1696. Poland: |trade with |Jesuits. | | | |Death of |China. | | | | |Sobieski; suc- | | | | | |ceeded by: | | | | | | | | | | |1697. Victories |1697. Frederick | | | | |of PRINCE EUGENE|Augustus I. | |1699. =Peace of | | |over the Sultan | | |Carlowitz. The | | |Mustapha at | | |Ottoman power | | |Zenta. | | |broken.= | | | | | | | | =1700=|1700-1721. GREAT NORTHERN WARS. |1700. Peter the | | | | | |Great wars with | | | |1701. Hague |1701. Prussia is|the Northern | | | |alliance. |erected into a |Powers. | | | | |kingdom under | | | | | |Frederick I. |1703. St. |1703. Mustapha | | | | |Petersburg |II. deposed by | | |1704. Battle of |1704. Stanislaus|founded. |the Janizaries. | | |=Blenheim=. |I., King of | | | | |Bavarians and |Poland. |1707. Revolt of | | | |French defeated | |the Cossack | | | |by English and | |Mazeppa. | | | |Allies. Germany | | | | | |delivered from | |1708. Charles | | | |Louis XIV. | |XII. of Sweden | | | | | |invades Russia. | | | | | | | | | | | |1709. Is de- | | | |1711. CHARLES | |feated at | | | |VI., Emperor. |1712-1786. |=Pultowa= by | | | | |FREDERICK II. |Peter the Great.| | | | | |Russia becomes a| | | | | |great power. | | | | | | | | | | | |1714. Finland | | | | | |conquered. |1717. Turks lose| | | | | |Belgrade. | | |_BACH_ (1685- | |1721. Peter as- | | | |1754). | |sumes the title |1723. Turks and | | | | |“Emperor of all |Russians attempt| | |_HANDEL_ (1685- | |the Russias.” |to dismember | | |1759). | | |Persia. | | | | | | | | =1725=|1725. Treaty of | | | | | |Vienna, alliance| |1727. Treaty | | | |between Spain | |with China. | | | |and Austria. | | | | | | | |1730. Peter II.,| | | | | |last of the | | | | | |Romanoffs. | | | |1733. =War of |1733. Poland: | | | | |the Polish suc- |Frederick | | | | |cession.= |Augustus II. The| | | | | |diet elects | | | | | |Stanislaus, but | | | | | |is compelled by | | | | | |the Russian army| | | | | |to elect | | | | | |Frederick. | | | | | | | | | | | |1734. Stanislaus| |1734. Turks | | | |besieged in | |driven from | | | |Dantzic, escapes| |Persia by Nâdir | | | |to Konigsberg. | |Shah. | | | | | | | | | | | |1739. India: | | | | | |Invaded by Nâdir| | | | | |Shah who takes | | | | | |and plunders | | | | | |Delhi. | | | | | | | | |1740-1748. WAR |1740-1786. | |1740. Renewed | | |OF THE AUSTRIAN |FREDERICK THE | |invasion of | | |SUCCESSION. |GREAT of Prus- | |Turkey. | | | |sia. | | | | |1741. MARIA | | | | | |THERESA succeeds| | | | | |to the heredita-| | | | | |ry states. | | | | | | | | | | | |1745. Francis | | | | | |I., husband of | | | | | |Maria Theresa, | | | | | |Emperor. | | | | | =1750=| | | | | | |1754-1763. OLD FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OR SEVEN | | | |YEARS WAR: ENGLAND AND PRUSSIA VS. FRANCE, |1756. India: | | |AUSTRIA, RUSSIA, SPAIN AND SWEDEN. 1754-1763. |Calcutta taken | | | | | |by Surajah | | | | |1762. CATHERINE |Dowlah of | | |1763. Prussia and Austria hold |II. reigns. |Bengal; the | | |the balance of power on the | |Black Hole. | | |Continent. | | | | | | | | | | |_LESSING_ (1729-|1764. Poland: | | | | |1781). |Stanislaus |1768. War with |1768. War be- | | | |Poniatowski |the Ottoman |tween Russia and| | | |elected king. |Empire. |the Ottoman | | | | | |Empire. | | |1772. JOSEPH II.|1772. First | | | | |takes part in |partition of | |1773. Ottoman | | |the first parti-|Poland, among | |Empire: The Rus-| | |tion of Poland, |Russia, Prussia | |sians are re- | | |the territory |and Austria. | |pulsed at Varna | | |acquired being | | |and Silistria. | | |made into the | | |ABDUL HAMID suc-| | |Kingdom of | | |ceeds. | | |Galicia. | | | | | | | |1774. Revolt of |1774. India: | | |_IMMANUEL KANT_ | |the Cossacks. |Warren Hastings,| | |(1724-1804). | |Peace of |first British | | | | |Kutchuk-Kainarji|governor- | | | | |between Russia |general. | | | | |and Turkey. | | | =1775=| | | | | | |1778. War of the| | |1778. India: War| | |Bavarian succes-| | |between the | | |sion. Bavaria | | |English and the | | |seized by | | |Mahrattas. | | |Germany. | | | | | | | | | | | |_MOZART_ (1756- | | | | | |1791). | | | | | | | | | | | |1780. _Declaration of the Armed Neutrality for the| | | |protection of neutral flags_ against the right of | | | |maritime search claimed by England--joined by | | | |Denmark and Sweden. Prussia and Austria, 1781. | | | |Portugal, 1782. | | +-------+--------------------------------------------------+----------------+

XIII. FROM THE RECOGNITION OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SECOND FRENCH REPUBLIC, 1783-1848 A. D.

GREAT EVENTS OF PERIOD. France chief power in Europe. Napoleon’s colossal power and downfall. Fall of despotisms and rise of Republicanism; great political advance of European people. Continued rapid advancement of science, inventions and discoveries. Increased philanthropic effort and intellectual enlightenment.